scholarly journals Investigation of the Prevalence of Brucella Diagnosis in Serum and Milk in Cattle

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ülker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Milk Samples

Background: Brucellosis is an infectious disease that affects both cattle and humans. Because brucellosis causes economic losses, serovalance studies are important in terms of eradication. Its diagnosis is integral to the design and implementation of preventive and management strategies for both cattle and humans. Various serological tests are commonly used in diagnostic processes. Methods:This study was carried out in cattle farms located in Ankara, Çankırı, Kırşehir, Kayseri, Çorum, Yozgat, Kırıkkale, Nevşehir provinces in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey between January-2018 and December-2020. Bovines included in the study, simple random sampling method and 320 bovine blood serum and milk samples that were reported not to have Brucella vaccine were used. RBPT, SAT, CFT, I-ELISA tests were performed in the blood serum samples included in the study and I-Elisa, MRT tests were performed in the milk samples. Result: The tests revealed that an average of 35.4% of the cattle had the bacteria while 64.5% of the raw milk samples were infected with brucellosis. The findings demonstrated the need to implement better strategies for managing and preventing brucellosis among animals, including vaccination. As a result, indirect ELISA (I-ELISA) method is considered as a useful, reliable, fast tool in the detection of Brucella from in milk and serum samples. However, it I-ELISA method can be used as a support for conventional tests in the initial isolation of waste materials and that its simultaneous use in field screening tests can be good diagnostic performance.

scholarly journals Seroprevalance of Toxoplasmosis in sheep and goat: Iraq/ Sulaimania

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Lazem H. Al-Taie
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Qualitative Determination

Back ground: Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis that causes economic losses in animal herds due to abortion and stillbirth as well as changes in the reproductive and neural system of susceptible animals . Objective: The aims of the present study is to determination the prevalence of T. gondii in farm animals ( sheep& goat)of both genders and different ages in Sulaimani province by using two serological tests (ELISA and LAT). Methods: Blood samples were collected from farm animals ,142 sheep and 46 goats , of different sexes and ages. Tow different serological tests ,ELISA and LAT for qualitative determination of T. gondii antibody titer in sheep and goats serum samples. Results: The prevalence rate in sheep was 73 (51.7 %) and 82 (57 %) , and 21 (54.6 %) and 25 (54.35 %) in goats ,by ELISA and LAT respectively. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was highest in age group 7-9 (66.6%) in sheep in compares’ with other age groups. There was no significant differences between both spp.and tow test. Conclusion: Statistical results show no significant differences between both tests (ELISA &LAT) at (P ≥ 0.05).The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was increased proportionally with the age of animals, while gender has no effect on the prevalent rate .

scholarly journals Evaluation of a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the recombinant protein tSAG1 to detect anti–Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
María B. Novoa ◽  
Beatriz S. Valentini ◽  
Macarena Sarli ◽  
Susana M. Torioni-de-Echaide ◽  
María E. Primo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Inhibition Elisa ◽  
Scale Detection

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion and important economic losses in cattle worldwide. There are no treatments or vaccines available; disease control is based on diagnosis and herd management strategies. We developed, validated, and evaluated under field conditions a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the truncated SAG1 protein (tSAG1), expressed in Escherichia coli, and the RafNeo5 monoclonal antibody (ciELISAtSAG1). A criterion based on the 3-y sequential serologic analysis of 230 dairy cows by IFAT was used as the gold standard. The assay was validated using 860 serum samples from cows that were consistently positive or negative by IFAT throughout the study period. ciELISAtSAG1 was then used to evaluate the prevalence of neosporosis in 16 beef cow herds (22 samples per herd, 352 total samples). The results were compared with those from IFAT and a commercial cELISA (cELISAVMRD). The ciELISAtSAG1 cutoff was ≥ 29%I, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.7% (95% CI = 96.8–99.7%) and a diagnostic specificity of 97.9% (95% CI = 96.4–99.0%). Concordance among IFAT, cELISAVMRD, and ciELISAtSAG1 was 90.3%. The agreement (κ) between ciELISAtSAG1 and the other 2 tests was ≥ 0.81. The overall prevalence of neosporosis in the 16 beef herds was 30% (range: 5–60%). The ciELISAtSAG1 could be useful for large-scale detection of anti– N. caninum antibodies in cattle and seroepidemiologic investigations, given its appropriate sensitivity and specificity, and the simplicity of production.

scholarly journals Optimization and Validation of a New Microbial Inhibition Test for the Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Living Animals Intended for Human Consumption

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1897
Author(s):  
María Jesús Serrano ◽  
Luis Mata ◽  
Diego García-Gonzalo ◽  
Alejandra Antón ◽  
Pedro Razquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Microbial Growth Inhibition

Even though antibiotics are necessary in livestock production, they can be harmful not only due to their toxicity, but also in view of their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Screening tests based on microbial growth inhibition appeared to be useful tools to prevent its entry into the food chain. They have nevertheless been traditionally carried out post mortem, leading to great economical loss and harm to the environment in case a positive sample is found. Hence, the objective was to evaluate the use of a screening test as an ante mortem alternative for the detection of antibiotic residues in meat: thus, Explorer®-Blood test was optimized and validated. After adapting the procedure for matrix preparation, the assay parameters were assessed from 344 antibiotic-free blood serum samples. Limits of Detection (LoDs) were defined by spiking blood serum with several of the most common antimicrobials used in veterinary practice. LoDs were similar to those obtained for meat and were at or below the maximum residue limits set by EU legislation for muscle. Analyses of in vivo injected samples, previously characterized by LC-MS/MS, demonstrated the method’s accuracy and proved that Explorer®-Blood can be considered a suitable alternative to conventional post mortem screening methods.

A survey on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples in Bafq and Bahabad, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Safavizadeh ◽  
Mozhgan Mojkar
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The City

Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins mostly produced by the fungi called Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus nomium. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the major metabolite of aflatoxin B1 and is a hepatotoxic and carcinogenic toxin. The aim of this study was to determine the level of contamination of cow's milk with aflatoxin M1 in Bafq and Bahabad. For this study, samples of raw cow's milk were collected randomly from milk collection centers around the city of Bafq and Bahabad from March to April. The determination of aflatoxin M1 levels was based on the ELISA method. Contamination was observed in 100% of milk samples. According to the results of the study, the rate of contamination with aflatoxin M1 in 43.3% of milk samples was above the acceptable level (50 ng/L) in Iranian national standard. It is concluded that further monitoring of milk production should be carried out in the spring and winter seasons.

Stability of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Raw Milk under Laboratory Storage Conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
LYNDA V. PODHORNIAK ◽  
SHANITA LEAKE ◽  
FRANK J. SCHENCK
Keyword(s):  
Metal Chelate ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Tetracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Tetracycline Residues ◽  
Metal Chelate Affinity Chromatography

Raw milk samples collected from bulk milk tankers may be screened for the presence of tetracycline antibiotics using rapid screening tests. If tetracycline residues are detected, the milk may be shipped to a laboratory for high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Because the milk may be shipped on ice blocks, it is important to know whether tetracycline residues are stable at that temperature and for how long. Control raw milk samples fortified with 50 ppb each chlortetracycline, demeclocycline, methacycline hydrochloride, minocycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline were incubated at 4°C or 25°C, then analyzed using a metal chelate affinity chromatography extraction and HPLC. No loss of tetracycline was observed after 48 h of storage at 4°C or 24 h at 25°C. Losses ranging from 4 to 13% and 0 to 18% were noted after 72 h at 4°C and 48 h at 25°C, respectively.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Molecular Epidemiosurveillance of Brucellosis in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Waheed ◽  
Zargham Nawaz Butt ◽  
Waqas O. Ashraf ◽  
Qaiser Mahmood Khan
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Milk Ring Test

ObjectiveTo detect the presence of brucella in serum samples of occupationally exposed human and animals by conventional screening methods.To perform epidemiosurvelliance of brucella molecular based tests including genus and species specific PCR.To check the brucella prevalence in occupationally exposed human.IntroductionLivestock sector contributes more than 58% to agriculture-based economy of Pakistan. Diseases of socio-economic importance are posing an enormous pressure to the growth of this sector. Zoonotic diseases are generally neglected in wake of epizootics having epidemic potential. One Health is a multi-sectoral approach to control zoonotic diseases at animal level to mitigate risk of transfer to the humans and environment. Despite various control programs, zoonosis is known to cause public health emergencies at various regional and national levels. OIE declared brucellosis as a model bacterial disease to control zoonosis in developing countries. Genus Brucella is expanding with its discovery in various amphibian species and marine mammals and demands control efforts at various levels. Reporting of zoonosis is less than actual prevalence in third world countries like Pakistan where disease is considered endemic but no official data is available. In this study, brucellosis was used as a model disease to emphasize the significance of One Health.MethodsIn total, 183 occupationally exposed human and 324 animal blood samples were collected from five different geographical areas of Punjab and one region from KP. For detection of brucells, rose bangal plate test (RBPT) and cELISA were carried out on serum samples. For molecular epidemiosurveillance genus specific PCR BCSP31 and specie specific PCR IS711 were conducted. Fifty-seven milk samples as environmental samples were aslo collected. For the testing of milk for the detection of brucella, Milk Ring Test (MRT) was applied.ResultsSerologically in animals 26(8%) samples were found positive by RBPT & 31(9%) by cELISA. Disease was detected in 42(13%) & 59(18%) samples by applying molecular methods using genus specific PCR BCSP31 & specie specific PCR IS711. Disease was recorded in humans as 16(8%), 24(13%), 33(18%), 56(30%) by RBPT, cELISA, PCR BCSP31 & PCR IS711, respectively. Out of 57 milk samples collected from different areas were tested by Milk Ring Test (MRT) & 12(21%) samples were found positive.ConclusionsIt is a significant finding that raw milk is a constant source of disease exposure to farmers, milking men and general users. Disease prevalence was more in people associated with milking activities possibly due to use of raw milk. This study validate the prevalence of brucellosis in Pakistan with significant presence of disease in occupationally exposed individuals emphasizing the close collaboration between veterinary and human health sectors. This study will broaden our knowledge of disease prevalence and epidemiology in Pakistan. The data produced from this study will help in future control and eradication of this important zoonosis using one health approach. 

scholarly journals Comparison seroprevalence of Salmonella spp. in large farms and individual producers in Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
N. Stojanac ◽  
O. Stevancevic ◽  
B. Savic ◽  
I. Stancic ◽  
A. Potkonjak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

Salmonella is one of the most frequently reported food-borne (alimentary) infections in the world. The study objective was to evaluate seroprevalence of Salmonella spp. in the farrow-to-finish farms and individual producers. Examined fattened pigs were divided into two groups: the first group was comprised of fatteners from 4 large farms in northern Serbia, and fatteners from the other group originating from individual producers from northern Serbia and the region of eastern Serbia. Individual blood serum samples were collected from 100 pigs per farrow-to-finish farms and 300 fattening pigs from individual producers and analysed for the presence of Salmonella antibodies. A blood serum sample from each pig was frozen, and blood serum was examined for specific antibodies against Salmonella spp. using an indirect ELISA. Salmonella seroprevalence ranging from 0% to 56% was found in 4 farrow-to-finish farms. Seroprevalence of 79% was found in individual producers (300 blood serum samples). This study shows that the results of serological tests for Salmonella were different (p<0.01) for slaughtered pigs from farms and from individual producers. Pig production in Serbia is under better supervision on large farrow-to-finish farms than in the individual sector. This study is an introduction to reducing of public health risks associated with Salmonella in pork.

Determining the reproductive potential of repair heifers

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
S. V. Fedotov ◽  
E. E. Oleinikova ◽  
S. G. Yakovlev ◽  
E. A. Mukha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Level

Reproduction and culling of productive animals are the main factors that affect the number of cows in a herd. Timely determination of fertility in replacement heifers with subsequent culling of problem heifers will help reduce direct economic losses in breeding dairy cattle. When making a diagnosis, veterinarians should exclude all forms of temporary or permanent infertility, including Congenital anomalies (infantilism, freemartinism, deformities, etc.).In order to establish the hormonal status of heifers-freemartin in the blood serum, the concentration of sex hormones (progesterone, estradiol-17ᵦ, and testosterone) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was determined.Studies of the level of AMH using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood serum have proven the possibility of early assessment of fertility in heifers. This method will allow early culling of Freemartin heifers from a productive herd. The study of AMH levels showed that its amount directly correlates with fertility in cattle, regardless of the period of the estrous cycle. When the concentration of AMH in the blood serum is below 100 pg / ml, heifers are not capable of fruitful insemination, while a high level of anti-Müllerian hormone (more than 380 ng / ml) makes it possible to successfully fertilize animals on the first attempt. All clinically healthy replacements obtained during a single pregnancy were successfully inseminated. At low concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone, Freemartin heifers were sterile, even after hormonal stimulation (Co-Synx) and sperm doses were administered without clinical manifestation of sexual desire.The introduction of testing for the level of AMH by the ELISA method in the mandatory gynecological clinical examination of cattle in livestock enterprises is expedient and effective.

scholarly journals Serodiagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Italy: Evaluation of Seven Serological Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847
Author(s):  
Margherita Ortalli ◽  
Daniele Lorrai ◽  
Paolo Gaibani ◽  
Giada Rossini ◽  
Caterina Vocale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

This study compares the performance of seven assays, including two ELISA (Leishmania ELISA IgG + IgM, Vircell Microbiologists; Leishmania infantum IgG ELISA, NovaTec), three rK39-based immunochromatographic tests (rK39-ICTs) (Leishmania Dipstick Rapydtest, Apacor; On Site Leishmania IgG/IgM Combo Rapid Test, CTK Biotech; LEISHMANIA Strip quick Test, Cypress Diagnostic), one indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) (Leishmania-Spot IF, BioMérieux), and one western blot (WB) (Leishmania WESTERN BLOT IgG, LDBio Diagnostics) for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Serum samples from 27 VL patients living in northeastern Italy were analyzed, as well as the serum samples from 50 individuals in whom VL diagnosis was excluded. The WB and the IFAT had 96% sensitivity, followed by the ELISA (63% and 74%, respectively). The rK39-ICT exhibited the worst performance among the serological tests, with sensitivities ranging from 52% to 70%. By combining selected ELISA/ICT, the sensitivity of VL detection reached 89%. IFAT and WB outperformed ELISA and rK39-ICT by possessing optimal sensitivity, but their high cost and complexity of execution would not allow their employment as screening tests. In conclusion, the combination of easy-to-perform tests, such as ICT and ELISA, could improve sensitivity in the serodiagnosis of Mediterranean VL.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ofE. coliO157:H7 Isolated from Traditionally Marketed Raw Cow Milk in and around Asosa Town, Western Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigatu Disassa ◽  
Berhanu Sibhat ◽  
Shimelis Mengistu ◽  
Yimer Muktar ◽  
Dinaol Belina
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Agar Disc

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2014 to July 2015 to determine the prevalence and populations ofE. colias well as the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility ofE. coliO157:H7 isolated from raw milk. Biochemical and serological tests methods were used to confirmE. coliandE. coliO157:H7 and isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using the agar disc diffusion method. Out of 380 raw milk samples examined, 129 (33.9%) and 11 (2.9%) were contaminated withE. coliandE. coliO157:H7, respectively. The highest prevalence was recorded in samples obtained from vendors (39.1%, 4.978 ± 0.180 log10/ml) compared with samples from farmers (28.1%, 3.93 ± 0.01 log10/ml) with significant differences(P=0.02). The frequency of contamination was higher in the samples collected from milk that was stored and transported in plastic containers (39.4%) than in the containers made of stainless steel (23.0%)(P=0.002). The antimicrobial susceptibility profile showed thatE. coliO157:H7 were resistant to tetracycline (81.8%), streptomycin (81.8%), and kanamycin (63.6%). Milk samples were produced and handled under poor hygienic conditions, stored, and transported in inappropriate containers and under temperature abuse conditions leading to high health risk to the consumers. Additional studies would be needed to establish association between the occurrences ofE. coliO157:H7 in raw milk and all the risk factors involved in and around Asosa town.

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