scholarly journals Comparison seroprevalence of Salmonella spp. in large farms and individual producers in Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
N. Stojanac ◽  
O. Stevancevic ◽  
B. Savic ◽  
I. Stancic ◽  
A. Potkonjak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

Salmonella is one of the most frequently reported food-borne (alimentary) infections in the world. The study objective was to evaluate seroprevalence of Salmonella spp. in the farrow-to-finish farms and individual producers. Examined fattened pigs were divided into two groups: the first group was comprised of fatteners from 4 large farms in northern Serbia, and fatteners from the other group originating from individual producers from northern Serbia and the region of eastern Serbia. Individual blood serum samples were collected from 100 pigs per farrow-to-finish farms and 300 fattening pigs from individual producers and analysed for the presence of Salmonella antibodies. A blood serum sample from each pig was frozen, and blood serum was examined for specific antibodies against Salmonella spp. using an indirect ELISA. Salmonella seroprevalence ranging from 0% to 56% was found in 4 farrow-to-finish farms. Seroprevalence of 79% was found in individual producers (300 blood serum samples). This study shows that the results of serological tests for Salmonella were different (p<0.01) for slaughtered pigs from farms and from individual producers. Pig production in Serbia is under better supervision on large farrow-to-finish farms than in the individual sector. This study is an introduction to reducing of public health risks associated with Salmonella in pork.

scholarly journals Serological Evaluation of Specific-Antibody Levels in Patients Treated for Chronic Chagas' Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sánchez Negrette ◽  
Fernando J. Sánchez Valdéz ◽  
Carlos D. Lacunza ◽  
María Fernanda García Bustos ◽  
María Celia Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Recombinant Antigens ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT Serological tests are the main laboratory procedures used for diagnosis during the indeterminate and chronic stages of Chagas' disease. A serological regression to negativity is the main criterion used to define parasitological cure in treated patients. The aim of this work was to monitor the individual specificities of antibody levels for 3 years posttreatment in 18 adult patients. Conventional serological techniques (hemagglutination assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) were modified by using recombinant antigens to detect early markers of treatment effectiveness. For this purpose, serum samples were taken before and during treatment and every 6 months after treatment for at least 3 years. When hemagglutination assays were used, a decrease in antibody levels was observed in only one patient. When ELISA with serum dilutions was used, antibody clearance became much more apparent: in 77.7% (14/18) of the patients, antibody titers became negative with time. This was observed at serum dilutions of 1/320 and occurred between the 6th and the 30th months posttreatment. The immune response and the interval for a serological regression to negativity were different for each patient. For some of the recombinant antigens, only 50% (9/18) of the patients reached the serological regression to negativity. Recombinant antigen 13 might be a good marker of treatment effectiveness, since 66.6% (six of nine) of the patients presented with an early regression to negativity for specific antibodies to this antigen (P = 0.002).

A filtration-based rapid test using a partially purified third-stage larval antigen to detect specific antibodies for the diagnosis of gnathostomiasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ma ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
X.L. Liu ◽  
H.M. Zhang ◽  
P. Eamsobhana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Purified Antigen

AbstractHuman gnathostomiasis is an emerging food-borne parasitic disease caused by nematodes of the genusGnathostoma. Currently, serological tests are commonly applied to support clinical diagnosis. In the present study, a simple and rapid filtration-based test, dot immune–gold filtration assay (DIGFA) was developed using a partially purified antigen ofGnathostomathird-stage larvae (L3). A total of 180 serum samples were tested to evaluate the diagnostic potential of DIGFA for gnathostomiasis. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 96.7% (29/30) and 100% (25/25), respectively. The cross-reactivity with sera from other helminthiasis patients ranged from 0 to 4%, with an average of 1.6% (2/125). DIGFA using a partially purified L3 antigen was not only simple and rapid, but also more accurate than standard assays for the diagnosis of human gnathostomiasis. DIGFA may represent a promising tool for application in laboratories or in the field, without requiring any instrumentation.

scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF SALMONELLA SPP. ON IMPORT BOARS FROM DENMARK TO SERBIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Stojanac ◽  
Ognjen Stevančević ◽  
Božidar Savić ◽  
Ivan Stančić ◽  
Aleksandar Potkonjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year ◽  
Swine Herds

The sera from 120 boars from 3 farrow-to-finish swine herds in Serbia were examined for Salmonella spp. antibodies in a cross-sectional study using an ELISA test. A total of 120 blood serum samples from boars imported from Denmark were examined. All boars were seronegative to Salmonella during the import, while after one year Salmonella spp. seroprevalence ranging from 0% to 45% was found in 3 herds using two tests in the time span of one year. Only on one farm during the import in 2011, after a year boars were still seronegative. A year later on the same farm, in boars imported in 2012 the seroprevalence was 30%. Seroprevalence of Salmonella spp. in boars tested on all farms was 24,17%.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Commercially Available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit in the Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manimuthu Mani Sankar ◽  
Veena Balooni ◽  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
Sarman Singh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Specificity

ABSTRACT Objectives: Antibody based serodiagnosis tests for tuberculosis (TB) was used widely in developed and developing countries. Pathozyme Myco® immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgA, and IgG were evaluated in pulmonary TB in many studies. Materials and Methods: In this study we assessed this commercially available kit in detecting extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Results: A total of 354 subjects were recruited for the study, of which 217 (61.2%) were EPTB patients and 137 (38.7%) were subjects with no suggestive TB. The mean age was 29.7 ± 13.7 and 31.2 ± 15.2 years, respectively for two groups. Serum samples were tested for IgM, IgA, and IgG using Pathozyme Myco® IgM, IgA, and IgG kit. The individual specificity rates of IgM, IgA, and IgG were 70.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62.7-77.7), 77.3% (95% CI: 68.6-83.5), and 68.6%. (95% CI: 60.4-75.7); while their sensitivity was 29% (95% CI: 23.4-35.4), 24.4% (95% CI: 19.1-30.5), and 34.5% (95% CI: 28.5-41.1); respectively. Conclusion: The serological tests either singly or in combination failed or performed poorly to diagnose EPTB.

scholarly journals Presence of ochratoxin A and toxic elements residue in tissues and their impact on safety of pork

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 359-371
Author(s):  
Dragan Milicevic ◽  
Milijan Jovanovic ◽  
Verica Juric ◽  
Aleksandra Dakovic ◽  
Srdjan Stefanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
And Task ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

The aim and task of this study was to determine the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in blood serum, liver and kidneys of fattening swine, slaughtered regularly, originating from different areas of Serbia. During meat inspection on the slaughterhouse line samples of blood, kidney and liver per animal were randomly sampled (n=90) and analyzed by HPLC for ochratoxin A. Also, the presence of nephrotoxic (cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic) elements in kidneys was carried out. Of the 90 liver samples, 26.6% contained OTA in the range of 0.22-14.5 ng/g, while the incidence of OTA in serum and kidney samples were very similar (31 and 33.3%, respectively). The analyses showed that serum samples were positive in the range of 0.22-221 ng/mL, while ochratoxin A concentrations in the kidney were between 0.17 and 52.5 ng/g. The mean distribution of OTA residue followed the pattern: serum>kidneys>liver (100>34>17), while in respect to occurrence it followed the pattern: kidneys>serum>liver (100>93.4>79.9). The results of this study showed that 2.2% of kidney sample had a content of ochratoxin A above the maximum permitted limit in Serbia of 10 ng/g. The results from this survey indicated that there was a low correlation between the OTA level in serum and liver as well as in the OTA level in kidney and liver (r=0.319 and 0.341, respectively) while the strongest correlation was found between the OTA level in serum and in kidney (r=0.973). The presence of mercury was found in 33.3% of kidney samples in the range of 0.005-0.055 mg/kg, while the presence of cadmium was found to a lesser degree (27.7%). The Hg concentrations in the kidney samples were lower than 0.10 mg/kg and did not exceed the guideline level established in Serbia, while concentration of cadmium in only one kidney sample was greater than 1.0 mg/kg, and exceeded the limit proposed by the Serbian Rule Book. The presence of arsenic was found only in one sample, while the presence of lead was not established. This study shows the presence of OTA in Serbian slaughtered pigs at levels comparable to those reported in other countries.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and predominant serogroups of Leptospira sp. in serological tests of ruminants in northeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Carla Lauise Rodrigues Menezes Pimenta ◽  
Camila de Sousa Bezerra ◽  
Davidianne de Andrade Morais ◽  
Maria Luana Cristiny Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Denise Batista Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis and the predominant serogroups in serological tests of ruminants performed at the Transmissible Diseases Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, between 2010 and 2017. This research included the records of serological tests for leptospirosis from 5594 animals, including 1527 cattle, 1761 goats, 2170 sheep, and 136 buffaloes from four Brazilian states (Paraíba, Pernambuco, Maranhão, and Rio Grande do Norte). Of the 5594 serum samples, 662 were serologically positive, corresponding to a frequency of 11.8%. Serjoe (30.6%), Autumnalis (13.6%), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (11.3%) were the most frequent subgroups among all species. The individual frequencies in cattle, goats, sheep, and buffaloes were 20% (306/1527), 8.3% (147/1761), 7.9% (171/2170), and 27.9% (38/136), respectively, with titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:3200. The most frequent serogroups according to animal species were as follows: Serjoe predominated in cattle (62%), followed by Icterohaemorrhagiae (12.5%) and Tarassovi (6.6%); Autumnalis was the most frequent in goats and sheep (29.4% and 26.9%, respectively), followed by Seramanga (12.5%) in goats and Icterohaemmorrhagiae (13.5%) in sheep; and Australis predominated in buffaloes (39.5%), followed by Pomona (31.6%) and Canicola (21.1%). Leptospira sp. infection, determined by serology, is widespread in ruminants (cattle, goats, sheep, and buffaloes) in northeastern Brazil, suggesting the existence of alternative transmission routes that are less dependent on environmental factors. Identification of the most frequent serogroups highlights the need to improve sanitary conditions, and implement efficient and targeted control measures directed at the primary infection sources.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Clinical Features of Scrub Typhus among Febrile Patients Attending a Referral Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Anil Pokhrel ◽  
Binod Rayamajhee ◽  
Saroj Khadka ◽  
Sandeep Thapa ◽  
Samjhana Kapali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Test Kit

(1) Background: Scrub typhus (ST) is endemic to Nepal. It is often underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed due to non-specific clinical presentation coupled with limited microbiological facilities, leading to adverse clinical outcomes. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of scrub typhus in febrile patients attending Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH), Nepal, from August 2018 to April 2019. (2) Materials and Method: Blood/serum samples and clinical and demographic data of adult febrile patients (≥19 years) who attended or were referred to the hospital were collected after obtaining written informed consent from the participants excluding immunocompromised individuals. Collected blood/serum samples were subjected to hematological, biochemical, and serological tests. A serological test for scrub typhus was performed using the ImmuneMed scrub typhus rapid diagnostic test kit. Data generated were analyzed using SPSS software version 24.0. (3) Results: Amongst the 2070 febrile patients, 462 (22.3%) were seropositive to at least one etiological agent of febrile illnesses (scrub typhus: 253 cases, dengue: 101 cases, leptospirosis: 9, brucellosis: 52, malaria: 9 and kala-azar: 20 cases). Scrub typhus accounted for 12.2% (n = 253) of total febrile illnesses followed by dengue (4.9%, n = 101). Mixed seropositivity of scrub typhus with dengue, brucellosis, and typhoid was found in 12 (0.6%), 9 (0.4%), and 5 (0.2%) cases, respectively. Among 253 scrub typhus patients, 53.4% were female. Among the 154 patients, the most common symptoms were fever (100%), headache (79.2%), sweating (70.1%), breathing difficulty (51.3%), redness of the eye (43.5%), and pathognomonic eschar was observed in 9.1% patients. Fifty percent of scrub typhus patients had low platelet count and >30% of patients had an elevated level of liver enzymes (such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGOT). (4) Conclusion: Scrub typhus is a considerable cause of febrile illness in Nepal. Females apparently have a higher chance of acquiring scrub typhus. ST presents nonspecific clinical presentation. The diagnostic dilemma of typhus patients can be minimized by the early monitoring of ST-associated symptoms. The country’s health system needs to be strengthened for early outbreak detection, and immediate response actions against scrub typhus to control the future outbreak of ST.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in horses in the territory of Belgrade during the period from 1998 to 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragica Vojinovic ◽  
Jadranka Zutic ◽  
Slobodan Stanojevic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Single Sample ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Horse Blood ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Leptospira Species

Serological investigations of leptospirosis in horses were carried out in the epizootic territory of Belgrade during the period from 1998 to 2008. Serological examinations were performed on 1701 blood serum samples of horses from private and sociallyowned stables, riding clubs, hippodromes, and from the individual sector. The number of seropositive horses was 107 (6.29%). The most represented serovarieties of the Leptospira species were: Leptospira grippotyphosa 42 (2.47%), Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae 19 (1.12%), Leptospira pomona 16 (0.99%), Leptospira canicola 16 (0.94%), Leptospira bataviae 11 (0.65%), and Leptospira australis 2 (0.1%). Antibodies against Leptospira sejroe were not established in a single sample of the examined horse blood serums. The titer of specific antibodies ranged from 1:100 to 1:10000. The biggest number of serums had an antibody titer of 1:300, then 1:100, and 1:1000. The smallest number of serums had an antibody titer of 1:10000. Horses seropositive to leptospirosis were established only in sporadic cases, so that no major epizooties were established in the territory of Belgrade.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Microbiological Monitoring in Eggs for Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Ornamental Chicken Flocks in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
A Guerrini
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

Few data are available about the prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S.E.) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.T.) in ornamental poultry in Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence for S.E. and S.T. using serological tests and the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in eggs by culture methods. For this purpose, 240 serum samples and 216 eggs were sampled from asymptomatic and unvaccinated ornamental hens reared in 24 farms, located in 8 different Italian regions. As screening test, a Tube Serum Agglutination test (TSA) was performed on 231 out of 240 serum samples. Four out of 24 farms (16.67%) were serologically positive for Salmonella spp. for a total of 10 samples. These positive samples were confirmed using an ELISA test and the results show that 5/231 (2.16%) and 7/231 (3.03%) serum samples were positive for S.E. and S.T. respectively, and 2/231 (0.87%) for both serotypes. Among all farms, 2/24 (8.33%) were positive for S.E. and 4/24 (16.67%) for S.T. The analysis of eggs using culture methods gave negative results for both yolk and shell pools (0/48, 0.0%). The seroconversion associated with exposure to S.E./S.T. in ornamental poultry, poses a potential public health problem. This study confirms that S.E. and S.T. are widespread in studied backyard poultry farms as asymptomatic form, and animals as potential reservoirs of Salmonella. It is necessary to inform farmers that a regular and periodic control of animals, eggs or meat, is very important to prevention of Salmonella foodborne infections and their spread.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Prevalence of Brucella Diagnosis in Serum and Milk in Cattle

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ülker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Milk Samples

Background: Brucellosis is an infectious disease that affects both cattle and humans. Because brucellosis causes economic losses, serovalance studies are important in terms of eradication. Its diagnosis is integral to the design and implementation of preventive and management strategies for both cattle and humans. Various serological tests are commonly used in diagnostic processes. Methods:This study was carried out in cattle farms located in Ankara, Çankırı, Kırşehir, Kayseri, Çorum, Yozgat, Kırıkkale, Nevşehir provinces in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey between January-2018 and December-2020. Bovines included in the study, simple random sampling method and 320 bovine blood serum and milk samples that were reported not to have Brucella vaccine were used. RBPT, SAT, CFT, I-ELISA tests were performed in the blood serum samples included in the study and I-Elisa, MRT tests were performed in the milk samples. Result: The tests revealed that an average of 35.4% of the cattle had the bacteria while 64.5% of the raw milk samples were infected with brucellosis. The findings demonstrated the need to implement better strategies for managing and preventing brucellosis among animals, including vaccination. As a result, indirect ELISA (I-ELISA) method is considered as a useful, reliable, fast tool in the detection of Brucella from in milk and serum samples. However, it I-ELISA method can be used as a support for conventional tests in the initial isolation of waste materials and that its simultaneous use in field screening tests can be good diagnostic performance.

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