Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Mastitis Affected Dairy Cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ramasamy ◽  
S. Keerthana ◽  
M.R. Srinivasan ◽  
D. Chandrasekar ◽  
K. Porteen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the latest challenges facing the scientific community. Raising the drug resistance is caused mainly by indiscriminate usage of antibiotics in human and animal subjects and the spread of antibiotic resistance between the two has an emerging global threat. Hence, current study aimed to study the antimicrobial resistance pattern and molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from mastitis affected cows. Methods: Milk samples from mastitis affected cows were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test and screened for presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using differential growth media. Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was done with the help of PCR by amplification of ‘nuc’ and ‘uspA’ gene respectively. MICs of Penicillin and Tetracycline were determined using microdilution method. Result: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern for Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline and Vancomycin were 74.19%, 100%, 93.50%, 61.29%, 29%, 35.48%, 9.70%, 9.70%, 70.96% and 70.96% respectively. More than 87.90% of the S. aureus and 50% of the E. coli isolated were resistant to â-lactam antibiotics while 75% of the E.coli and 65.70% of the S. aureus isolated were resistant to Tetracycline antibiotics. The MICs of Penicillin for S.aureus and E.coli are 26.88 µg/ml and 13.54 µg/ml respectively and the MICs of Tetracycline for S. aureus and E. coli are 243.75 µg/ml and 960.93 µg/ml respectively which is 8-9 folds higher than the standard MICs. From the present study, it can be inferred that bovine mastitis cases are highly resistant to antimicrobial drugs. Results further indicate that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are both resistant to Penicillin and Tetracycline with very high MIC.

scholarly journals Characterization of Integrons and Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangqing Huang ◽  
Fangjun Lan ◽  
Yanfang Lu ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1

Background. Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) is an important multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogen, which can cause many kinds of infections. Integrons may play a crucial role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the prevelance of integrons among E. coli ST131 strains in China. Methods. Eighty-three E. coli ST131 isolates were used in this study. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. The presence and characterization of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons, as well as promotor of gene cassettes and other antimicrobial resistance genes, were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing. Transfer of integrons was carried out using a broth culture mating method. Clonal relatedness of E. coli ST131 isolates was analyzed by PFGE. Results. Overall, 26.5% (22/83) of the E. coli ST131 isolates carried class 1 integrons. Class 2 and 3 integrons were not found in this study. Two types of gene cassette arrays were demonstrated in this study and were as follows: dfrA17-aadA5 and aac(6′)-Ib-cr-cmlA5. Only one type of Pc promoter variant was detected among 22 integron-positive isolates (PcW). In vivo transfer of integron was successful for 9 of integron-positive E. coli ST131 isolates harboring resistance gene cassettes. Results of PFGE demonstrated that the integron-positive E. coli ST131 isolates were grouped into 12 different PFGE clusters. Conclusions. Our study showed a low prevalence of integrons was detected in E. coli ST131. Continued surveillance of this mobile genetic element should be performed to study the evolution of antibiotic resistance among E. coli ST131.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI FROM BUFFALO CALVES IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Paul ◽  
MSR Khan ◽  
MA Rashid ◽  
J Hassan ◽  
SMS Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Highly Sensitive

The research works was conducted with a view to isolate and identify the Escherichia coli (E. coli) organism from diarrhoeic cases of buffalo reared in selected areas of Bangladesh as well the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated E. coli in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202 during the period from April 2008 to May 2009. A total of 50 rectal swab samples were collected from 4 different places namely Haluaghat and Boira of Mymensingh, Madupur of Tangail and Kazipur of Sirajgonj districts. The samples were aseptically carried to the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene and subjected to different cultural, morphological and biochemical examinations. Upon cultural, morphological and biochemical examinations 23 (45%) samples were found to be positive for E. coli. The highest prevalence was found in Haluaghat, Mymensingh (53.33%) and the lowest (40.00%) in Boira, Mymensingh and Kazipur, Sirajganj. Antibiogram study revealed that the isolated E. coli was highly sensitive to Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin, moderately sensitive to Cefalexin and Amoxicillin, and resistant to Nalidixic acid and Erythromycin. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.7398 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 23-26

Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus from Raw Fish and Seafood Imported into Switzerland

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1240-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENATE BOSS ◽  
GUDRUN OVERESCH ◽  
ANDREAS BAUMGARTNER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACT A total of 44 samples of salmon, pangasius (shark catfish), shrimps, and oysters were tested for the presence of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, which are indicator organisms commonly used in programs to monitor antibiotic resistance. The isolated bacterial strains, confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, were tested against a panel of 29 antimicrobial agents to obtain MICs. Across the four sample types, Enterococcus faecalis (59%) was most common, followed by E. coli (55%), P. aeruginosa (27%), and S. aureus (9%). All bacterial species were resistant to some antibiotics. The highest rates of resistance were in E. faecalis to tetracycline (16%), in E. coli to ciprofloxacin (22%), and in S. aureus to penicillin (56%). Antibiotic resistance was found among all sample types, but salmon and oysters were less burdened than were shrimps and pangasius. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were exclusively found in shrimps and pangasius: 17% of pangasius samples (MDR E. coli and S. aureus) and 64% of shrimps (MDR E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. aureus). Two of these MDR E. coli isolates from shrimps (one from an organic sample) were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents. Based on these findings, E. coli in pangasius, shrimps, and oysters, E. faecalis in pangasius, shrimps, and salmon, and P. aeruginosa in pangasius and shrimps are potential candidates for programs monitoring antimicrobial resistance. Enrichment methods for the detection of MDR bacteria of special public health concern, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus and E. coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases, should be implemented.

scholarly journals Impact of Feed Supplementation with Antimicrobial Agents on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens, Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus Counts, and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (20) ◽  
pp. 6566-6576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa S. Diarra ◽  
Fred G. Silversides ◽  
Fatoumata Diarrassouba ◽  
Jane Pritchard ◽  
Luke Masson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT The effects of feed supplementation with the approved antimicrobial agents bambermycin, penicillin, salinomycin, and bacitracin or a combination of salinomycin plus bacitracin were evaluated for the incidence and distribution of antibiotic resistance in 197 commensal Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens over 35 days. All isolates showed some degree of multiple antibiotic resistance. Resistance to tetracycline (68.5%), amoxicillin (61.4%), ceftiofur (51.3%), spectinomycin (47.2%), and sulfonamides (42%) was most frequent. The levels of resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin were 33.5, 35.5, and 25.3%, respectively. The overall resistance levels decreased from day 7 to day 35 (P < 0.001). Comparing treatments, the levels of resistance to ceftiofur, spectinomycin, and gentamicin (except for resistance to bacitracin treatment) were significantly higher in isolates from chickens receiving feed supplemented with salinomycin than from the other feeds (P < 0.001). Using a DNA microarray analysis capable of detecting commonly found antimicrobial resistance genes, we characterized 104 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates from 7- to 28-day-old chickens fed different growth promoters. Results showed a decrease in the incidence of isolates harboring tet(B), bla TEM, sulI, and aadA and class 1 integron from days 7 to 35 (P < 0.01). Of the 84 tetracycline-ceftiofur-resistant E. coli isolates, 76 (90.5%) were positive for bla CMY-2. The proportions of isolates positive for sulI, aadA, and integron class 1 were significantly higher in salinomycin-treated chickens than in the control or other treatment groups (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that multiantibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates can be found in broiler chickens regardless of the antimicrobial growth promoters used. However, the phenotype and the distribution of resistance determinants in E. coli can be modulated by feed supplementation with some of the antimicrobial agents used in broiler chicken production.

scholarly journals 1667. Change in characteristics of community-onset ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates causing community-acquired acute pyelonephritis in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S820-S820
Author(s):  
Bongyoung Kim ◽  
Ki Tae Kwon ◽  
Seong-yeol Ryu ◽  
Seong-Heon Wie ◽  
Hyun-uk Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Acute Pyelonephritis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Community Onset

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine the change in characteristics of community-onset ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIP-R) E. coli isolates causing community-acquired acute pyelonephritis (CA-APN) in South Korea between 2010-2011 and 2017-2018. Methods E. coli samples isolated from the blood or urine were collected from patients with CA-APN aged 19 years and more who were admitted to 8 Korean hospitals from September 2017 to August 2018, prospectively. One isolate was collected from each patient. Phylogenetic typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and molecular characterization of β-lactamase resistance and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants were performed. The data were compared with those from the previous study with same design in 2010-2011. Results A total of 346 and 300 isolates were collected during 2017-2018 and 2010-2011, respectively. Among them, 76 (22.0%) and 77 (25.7%) were CIP-R isolates. Significantly higher antimicrobial resistance against ampicillin (75.7% vs. 100%, P &lt; 0.001) and cefotaxime (23.9% vs. 77.9%, P &lt; 0.001) were observed for isolates in 2017-2018 compared to those in 2010-2011. The proportion of phylogenic group B2 had increased significantly (44.7% vs. 79.2%, P &lt; 0.001). As for MLST, the proportion of ST131 (27.6% vs. 66.2%, P &lt; 0.001) had increased while that of ST393 (18.4% vs. 3.9%, P =0.004) had decreased significantly. Higher proportion of CIP-R E. coli isolates in 2017-2018 had extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (PABL) (23.7% vs. 79.2%, P &lt; 0.001) and PMQR determinant (11.8% vs. 40.8%, P &lt; 0.001) compared to those in 2010-2011. Phlogenetic tree Analyzed by SplitsTree Conclusion Among uropathogenic CIP-R E. coli isolates in South Korea, ST131 predominance had become more prominent and the proportion of containing ESBL/PABL and/or PMQR determinants had increased. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Study of Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern And Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Human And Animal Pyogenic Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayshree Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Sharad K. Yadav ◽  
Ritika Yadav ◽  
Vinod K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Animal Isolates

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus has been described as the most common cause of human and animal diseases and has emerged as superbug due to multidrug resistance. Considering these, a total of 175 samples were collected from pyogenic cases of humans (75) and animals (100), to establish the drug resistance pattern and also for molecular characterization of human and animal isolates. Thermonuclease (nuc) gene amplification was used to confirm all presumptive S. aureus isolates and then antibiotic sensitivity and slide coagulase tests were used for phenotypic characterization of isolates. Following that, all of the isolates were subjected to PCR amplification to detect the existence of the methicillin resistance (mecA) and coagulase (coa) genes. Lastly, typing was done by using the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR. The overall prevalence of S. aureus in human and animal samples was found to be 39.4%. Drug sensitivity revealed the highest resistance against the β-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin (94.8%) and penicillin (90.6%), followed by cephalosporin (cefixime-67.7%) and quinolone (ciprofloxacin-52.1%) group of drugs. The drug sensitivity was the highest against antibiotics like chloramphenicol (95%) followed by gentamicin (90%). Among the 69 S. aureus isolates, the overall presence of MRSA was 40.5% (27.5% and 50% in human and animal isolates respectively). Total 33 isolates exhibited coa genes amplification of more than one amplicons and variable in size of 250, 450, 800, and 1100 bp. The RAPD typing revealed amplification of 5 and 6 different band patterns in humans and animals, respectively, with two common patterns suggesting a common phylogenetic profile.

scholarly journals Bacteria Sensitivity Pattern of Caesarean Section Wound on Selected Antibiotics in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Nurhafizah Rafiani ◽  
Renny Aditya ◽  
Noor Muthmainah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Bacterial Sensitivity

Abstract: A cesarean delivery increases the risk of wound infection it should be prevented by using antibiotics. This study was to determine the pattern of bacterial sensitivity in surgical wounds of cesarean section patients for selected antibiotics, i.e ceftriaxone, cefixime, sulbactam ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and gentamicin.This observational study was conducted at the Ulin Public Hospital in Banjarmasin from July to September 2019. Using a cross sectional approach Samples of bacteria were identidied from 36 that were pusposively sampled, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive against gentamicin (100%),whereas Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Were intermediately sensitive towards gentamicin (62.5%) and ceftriaxone (80%) Keywords: Antibiotic susceptibility, caesarean section, surgical wound

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis on Antimicrobial Resistance Trends and Prevalence of β-lactamases in Escherichia coli and ESKAPE Pathogens Isolated from Arabian Patients during 2000–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Mahfouz Nasser ◽  
Snehal Palwe ◽  
Ram Naresh Bhargava ◽  
Marc G. J. Feuilloley ◽  
Arun S. Kharat
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Eskape Pathogens

The production of diverse and extended spectrum β-lactamases among Escherichia coli and ESKAPE pathogens is a growing threat to clinicians and public health. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of evolving trends of antimicrobial resistance and β-lactamases among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acine to bacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) in the Arabian region. A systematic review was conducted in Medline PubMed on papers published between January 2000 and February 2020 on countries in the Arab region showing different antibiotic resistance among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens. A total of n = 119,144 clinical isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance in 19 Arab countries. Among these clinical isolates, 74,039 belonged to E. coli and ESKAPE pathogen. Distribution of antibiotic resistance among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens indicated that E. coli (n = 32,038) was the predominant pathogen followed by K. pneumoniae (n = 17,128), P. aeruginosa (n = 11,074), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, n = 4370), A. baumannii (n = 3485) and Enterobacter spp. (n = 1574). There were no reports demonstrating Enterococcus faecium producing β-lactamase. Analyses revealed 19 out of 22 countries reported occurrence of ESBL (Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase) producing E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens. The present study showed significantly increased resistance rates to various antimicrobial agents over the last 20 years; for instance, cephalosporin resistance increased from 37 to 89.5%, fluoroquinolones from 46.8 to 70.3%, aminoglycosides from 40.2 to 64.4%, mono-bactams from 30.6 to 73.6% and carbapenems from 30.5 to 64.4%. An average of 36.9% of the total isolates were reported to have ESBL phenotype during 2000 to 2020. Molecular analyses showed that among ESBLs and Class A and Class D β-lactamases, blaCTX-M and blaOXA have higher prevalence rates of 57% and 52.7%, respectively. Among Class B β-lactamases, few incidences of blaVIM 27.7% and blaNDM 26.3% were encountered in the Arab region. Conclusion: This review highlights a significant increase in resistance to various classes of antibiotics, including cephalosporins, β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and quinolones among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens in the Arab region.

scholarly journals Characterization and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli Associated with Mortality in Broilers and Ducklings in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Islam ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
SML Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis

Mortality in broilers (6.56%) and growing ducks (11.0%) caused by Escherichia coli was recorded in the experimental flocks study during the period from May to August 2003. E. coli organisms isolated from broiler birds affected with characteristic lesions of omphalitis and yolk sac infection, fibrinous pericarditis and peri-hepatitis , hemorrhagic enteritis, and accumulation of excessive pericardial and peritoneal fluid, whereas from ducks with lesions of hemorrhagic enteritis and extensive epicardial hemorrhages. Each of the 21 isolates collected from broilers and 11 isolates from ducks was characterized by cultural and biochemical studies, of which 8 isolates from broilers and 5 isolates from ducks were tested for antibiotic sensitivity with 9 different antibiotics. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that the isolates were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin but an increasing trend of resistance was recorded in broilers (7 / 9) than duck (4 / 9) isolates. It may be concluded from the results of this study that the high rate of E. coli infection in broilers and ducks along with the high resistance of isolates to antibiotics constitute a threat to the poultry industry in Bangladesh. Key words: Escherichia coli infection; mortality; broilers; ducks; characterization; antibiogram doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1927 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 09-14

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