An Alternative Buffalo Urine-based Non-invasive Early Estrus Test using Wheat and Mung Bean Seed Germination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanvi Bhatia ◽  
Varij Nayan ◽  
Rakshita Singh ◽  
Chhama Singh ◽  
Anuradha Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Buffalo Urine ◽  
First Time ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Background: The silent estrus problem in buffaloes is one of the major bottlenecks in buffalo management. Here, we present for the first time a simple and urine-based non-invasive seed germination inhibition test to detect the early estrus in buffaloes.Methods: The urine samples were collected from buffaloes on 0, 6, 10, 14, 18, 21 and 28 days after detection of signs of heat. The mungbean and wheat seeds (n=15 each) were treated with diluted (1:2 and 1:4) and undiluted urine samples. The results were analyzed in terms of germination inhibition percentage (GI%) and shoot length (SL) measurements. Control was established using distilled water in place of urine.Conclusion: In 1:4 dilution urine samples, a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in GI% and SL were observed after 48 hours and 5 days, respectively in both the seeds, which could be useful as an estrus test. No significant results were observed for GI% and SL with undiluted and 1:2 diluted samples in both seeds. Our findings demonstrate that GI% and SL were inhibited around peri-estrus events, increased from 10th-14th days and then gradually decreased with 1:4 dilution of urine. This estrus test may assist the farmers in timing AI.

scholarly journals Maize seed germination inhibition test for pregnancy diagnosis in Zebu cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
O. O. Okunlola ◽  
O. A. Olorunnisomo ◽  
J. A Alalade ◽  
O. O. Oyinlola ◽  
H. O Amusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Zebu Cows

Pregnancy diagnosis is an important part of good management and helps to maximizereproductive performance. Over time, different methods for detection of pregnancy in cows and other female domestic animals have been developed which include observation, physical examination, chemical tests and electronic instruments. Seed germination inhibition technique was carried out to detect pregnancy in Zebu cows. The urine samples collected from four pregnant cows, four non pregnant cows, four bulls and water (control) were subjected to seed germination test using maize seeds. Urine was collected between 5 and 7 am. Pregnant cows were confirmed by rectal palpation. The pH of the urine samples was determined before and after dilution and consequently, the urea concentration was also analyzed in the laboratory. The urine was diluted at the ratio of 1:4 with distilled water. Control test was also carried out with the addition of water only to the maize seeds. In each sterile Petri dish fifteen maize seeds were taken on the filter paper and 15mL of diluted urine was added. The seed germination inhibition percentages were observed after five days while shoot length growth inhibition was also observed after five days. Germination inhibition percentage of pregnant cows (64.16%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to nonpregnant cows (34.18%), bull urine and water control. Shoot length of seeds germinated with distilled water had the highest value (4.38cm), seeds germinated with bull urine and non pregnant cow urine showed similarities while seeds germinated with pregnant cow urine had the least value (1.37cm) across the observations for shoot length growth inhibition. The result on pH showed clear differences in the pH of urine from pregnant (8.11- 8.25), non pregnant cows (6.05-7.04) and bull urine (6.35-7.34). The pH of the urine samples for nonpregnant cow and bull urine samples were similar to that of the control. Urea concentration of pregnant cow urine (11.06 mg/dL) was higher than that observed in bull urine 4.56 mg/dL and non pregnant cow urine 1.39 mg/dL. The study was able to validate that at 60% and above inhibition there is an indication of pregnancy while inhibition less than 60% shows the cow is non pregnant. Increased mean germination inhibition percentage and reduced shoot length in pregnant cow urine were indicative of pregnancy state.

scholarly journals The bacteriological prevalence of leptospiral infection in cattle and buffaloes in West Malaysia

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Bahaman ◽  
A. L. Ibrahim ◽  
N. D. Stallman ◽  
R. D. Tinniswood
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bovine Kidney ◽  
Buffalo Urine ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYA cross-sectional bacteriological survey of cattle in West Malaysia revealed 14·4% (32/222) had leptospiral infection. Isolates were obtained from all except one herd with prevalence of infection in herds ranging from 0–44·8%. A small number of buffalo urine samples were examined and all of them were found to be negative. A leptospiral isolate obtained from a bovine kidney proved to be n new scrovar ofLeplospira interrogansand the nameunipertamawas assigned to it. Six other leptospiral serovars were isolated, namelycanicola, australis, javanica,ballum, pomonaandhardjo. All six serovars were isolated for the first time in cattle in Malaysia.Cattle in Malaysia appear to be the maintenance host for serovarhardjo. The presence of the other serovars in cattle was probably duo to contact with the maintenance hosts, pigs for serovarpomonaand rodents for the other three serovars. It appears that the epidemiology of leptospiral infection in cattle in Malaysia is similar to that reported overseas.

scholarly journals Herbicidal Activity of Curvulinic Acid Isolated from Nimbya alternantherae

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Yonghao Ye ◽  
Xiaoyang Wang ◽  
Liyao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
First Time ◽  
Phytotoxic Compound

A phytotoxic compound, identified as 2-(2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) acetic acid (curvulinic acid), was isolated from liquid cultures of the phytopathogenic fungus Nimbya alternantherae. The activity of curvulinic acid on seed germination and seedling growth of Capsella bursa-pastoris was evaluated. Percentage seed germination of C. bursa-pastoris was decreased with increasing concentrations of curvulinic acid. The compound had stronger inhibitory effects on root length than shoot length. At a concentration of 600 μg·mL−1, curvulinic acid caused 73.5% and 66.7% growth inhibition on roots and shoots with IC50 values of 204.7 and 281.1 μg·mL−1, respectively. The finding of curvulinic acid in N. alternantherae and its herbicidal activity are reported here for the first time.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PURIFIED AMOUNT OF TRITERPENE GLYCOSIDES AND THEIR ENRICHED EXTRACT FROM LEAVES OF SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM L. ON THE GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF WINTER WHEAT AND THE ACTIVITY OF CATALASE IN THEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 353-360
Author(s):  
Eleonora Sergeyevna Davidyants
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Oleanolic Acid Glycosides ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
First Time ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The effect of purified amount of triterpene glycosides (PATG) containing, as major components, oleanolic acid glycosides – sylphiosides B, C, E, G and extract (E) enriched with them from Silphium perfoliatum L. (Asteraceae) leaves on seed germination and catalase activity (EC 1.11.1.6) in them on two varieties of winter wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) was studied. It has been shown that, the treatment of seeds with PATG solutions at concentrations of 0.0005 and 0.001% and E at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4% increases the intensity of their swelling within 48 hours after soaking by 3.1–5.2% compared to the control, which leads to an earlier achievement of the threshold levels necessary for the activation of metabolic processes. As a result of a study of changes in catalase activity in germinating seeds of winter wheat after 1, 3 and 7 days after soaking, it was revealed that the greatest effect of seed treatment with TG preparations in manifested after 1 and 7 days of observation, its value in relation to the control respectively is 25–35% and 35–55% depending on the variety. The stimulating effect of TG preparations on catalase activity in germinating seeds of winter wheat was established for the first time. Under the influence of treatment with TG preparations the germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds increase by 3–8 and 3–6%, respectively, depending on the variety. The data obtained make it possible to consider the total preparation of TG isolated from leaves of S. perfoliatum as promising growth promoters for pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds.

scholarly journals Is Juglone the Only Naphthoquinone in Juglans regia L. with Allelopathic Effects?

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Aljaz Medic ◽  
Tilen Zamljen ◽  
Ana Slatnar ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Robert Veberic
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Phenolic Substance ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
First Time

We investigated whether juglone is the only allelochemical in a leaf extract from the walnut (Juglans regia L.). This was achieved through comparisons of the effects of pure juglone (1 mM, 100 μM, 10 μM control juglone) and J. regia leaf extract (prepared as 1 mM, 100 μM leaf juglone) on seed germination, seedling growth, and secondary metabolism of the selected crop vegetables. Two control treatments were also applied, as extraction medium and water. For inhibition of seed germination, S. lycopersicum, B. rapa var. japonica, and V. locusta were more sensitive to 1 mM leaf juglone, and L. sativa was more sensitive to 1 mM control juglone. This suggests that this walnut leaf extract contains specific phenolic substance(s) that can stimulate seed germination in some species and inhibit it in others. Seedling length was more sensitive to 1 mM leaf juglone than 1 mM control juglone, with selective strong inhibition of root length versus shoot length by 1 mM control juglone. Juglone also had significant effects on the secondary metabolism of L. sativa, in particular for seedlings treated with 100 μM control juglone, with marked decreases in all secondary metabolites studied. Flavonols constituted the majority of these metabolites in L. culinaris, which showed the least sensitivity to both control juglone and leaf juglone treatments. Thirty compounds were identified and quantified in S. lycopersicum, L. culinaris, and L. sativa, some for the first time in these plants, and all for the first time in the seedlings of these crop vegetables.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Berbagai Bagian Dari Tanaman Swietenia mahagoni Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Kacang Hijau Dan Jagung

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stela Wusono ◽  
John M Matinahoru ◽  
CMA Watimena
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

Swietenia mahagoni is a timber forestry plants have allelopathy toxic, can interfere with the growth of surrounding plants. This study aimed to determine the effects of extracts from various parts of Swietenia mahagoni on seed germination of green beans and corn. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Silviculture, an extract from a litter, fresh leaves, bark and roots of the Swietenia mahagoni plant and given to the seed germination green beans and corn. The results showed that the extract of fresh leaves and roots Swietenia mahagoni inhibit seed germination green beans and corn, while the provision of litter no effect. Green bean seed has a higher durability of the maize seed to allelopathy of root Swietenia mahagoni.

Seed-borne fungi of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] and their possible control in vitro using locally available fungicides in Botswana.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Khare* ◽  
Loeto D. ◽  
Wale K. ◽  
Salani M.
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Petri Plate

Seeds of three cowpea cultivars namely Black eye, ER 7 and Tswana obtained from the Department of Agriculture Research, Gaborone were tested for the presence of seed-borne fungi, and their possible control in vitro using locally available fungicides. Four hundred fifty seeds of each cultivar of cowpea were disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min and washed three times with sterile distilled water before placing them in PDA plates (5 seeds/9 cm Petri plate), incubated at 22±2o C for 12 hour each under continuous light and dark. A total of eight fungi were detected from seeds of cowpea. These were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cylindrocarpon sp., Fusarium equisiti, F. oxyaporum, Penicillium chyrosogenum, Rhizopus oligosporus and R. stolonifer. Rhizopus spp. were dominant fungi recovered from seeds, followed by Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Cylindrocarpon. The fungi detected resulted in decay and rotting of seeds, and thereby reducing percentage germination of seeds (22%, 37% and 63 % seed germination in Black eye, ER7 and Tswana varieties of cowpea respectively). Out of four fungicides tested, benlate, captan, dithane M 45 and chlorothalanil. Dithane M45 effectively controlled seed-borne fungi, and enhanced seed germination to an average of 86% (93% germination with no fungi detected in Tswana variety) as compared to chlorothalonile (79%), benlate and captan (77%) and un-treated seeds (45%). The fungal incidence was reduced to 2.3%, 4.3%, 5.3% and 5.3% when seeds were treated with dithane M-45, chlorothalonil, benlate and captan respectively as compared to 62% in non-treated seeds.

scholarly journals Raman spectroscopic detection of interleukin-10 and angiotensin converting enzyme

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Frederieke A. M. van der Mee ◽  
Roel J. Erckens ◽  
Carroll A. B. Webers ◽  
Tos T. J. M. Berendschot
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Confocal Raman ◽  
First Time ◽  
Enzyme Characteristic

AbstractIn this report we present a confocal Raman system to identify the unique spectral features of two proteins, Interleukin-10 and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme. Characteristic Raman spectra were successfully acquired and identified for the first time to our knowledge, showing the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive investigation tool for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals A non-invasive method to generate induced pluripotent stem cells from primate urine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Geuder ◽  
Lucas E. Wange ◽  
Aleksandar Janjic ◽  
Jessica Radmer ◽  
Philipp Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Ipscs ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractComparing the molecular and cellular properties among primates is crucial to better understand human evolution and biology. However, it is difficult or ethically impossible to collect matched tissues from many primates, especially during development. An alternative is to model different cell types and their development using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These can be generated from many tissue sources, but non-invasive sampling would decisively broaden the spectrum of non-human primates that can be investigated. Here, we report the generation of primate iPSCs from urine samples. We first validate and optimize the procedure using human urine samples and show that suspension- Sendai Virus transduction of reprogramming factors into urinary cells efficiently generates integration-free iPSCs, which maintain their pluripotency under feeder-free culture conditions. We demonstrate that this method is also applicable to gorilla and orangutan urinary cells isolated from a non-sterile zoo floor. We characterize the urinary cells, iPSCs and derived neural progenitor cells using karyotyping, immunohistochemistry, differentiation assays and RNA-sequencing. We show that the urine-derived human iPSCs are indistinguishable from well characterized PBMC-derived human iPSCs and that the gorilla and orangutan iPSCs are well comparable to the human iPSCs. In summary, this study introduces a novel and efficient approach to non-invasively generate iPSCs from primate urine. This will extend the zoo of species available for a comparative approach to molecular and cellular phenotypes.

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