Characterization and antagonistic effect of isolated Trichoderma sp. against pathogens under Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Kumar Meena ◽  
Ashok Kumar Meena
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

A green house experiment was conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Bikaner, to characterize the eight isolates of Trichoderma sp. ( TH-8, TH-SOG, TH-HMG, TH-BKN, TH-SIK, TH-DUP, TH-JOB and TH-JAI) were collected from different locations of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) fields in western Rajasthan and tested for their antagonistic property against soil borne plant pathogens. It was further studied for morphological and physiological characteristics such as color of mycelium, pigmentation of substrate, type, amount of mycelium growth, effect of temperature and pH. It was observed that, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media, temp range 25-300C and pH 7.0-7.5 were found most effective for optimum growth and sporulation of TH-8. The isolate Trichoderma harzianum-8 (isolated from SKRAU Bikaner, Rajasthan ) was found best up to 70 per cent of inhibition of mycelial growth of different clusterbean pathogen viz., Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

scholarly journals In-vitro Evaluation of Bio-control agents against Soil Borne Plant Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Shrinkhala Manandhar ◽  
Bimala Pant ◽  
Chetana Manandhar ◽  
Suraj Baidya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Biocontrol is an important aspect of disease management for plant pathogens, especially for the soil borne fungi. Trichoderma species is the most exploited biocontrol agent in recent years. The soil specific nature of Trichoderma species is a well-known fact and hence native Trichoderma isolates should be more emphasized for control of plant pathogens. Fifty soil samples from rhizosphere of various agricultural crops were collected for isolation of Trichoderma sp. Ten isolates of Trichoderma were tested in dual culture with soil borne pathogens Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in an in vitro assay. All of the test isolates were found to be significant in terms of mycelial inhibition growth as compared to control. However, varying degrees of antagonism by different Trichoderma isolates were observed for above mentioned soil borne pathogens. The isolate (T363) was found to exhibit more than 80% inhibition of S. sclerotiorum while the isolate T357 was found to control F. solani by more than 80%.  For the control of R. solani, six of the tested Trichoderma isolates showed more than 80% inhibition of its radial colony growth. The Trichoderma isolates seen effective in this study need to be tested in pot and field experiments for exploiting the use and benefits of biocontrol.

scholarly journals An Improved Method for the Quaternization of Nicotinamide and Antifungal Activities of Its Derivatives

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Siber ◽  
Valentina Bušić ◽  
Dora Zobundžija ◽  
Sunčica Roca ◽  
Dražen Vikić-Topić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Dielectric Heating ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Microwave Dielectric ◽  
Microwave Dielectric Heating

The quaternization reactions of nicotinamide, with different electrophiles: methyl iodide and substituted 2-bromoacetophenones (4-Cl, 4-Br, 4-H, 4-CH3, 4-F, 4-OCH3, 4-Ph, 2-OCH3, 4-NO2) are reported. The preparations were carried out by conventional synthesis and under microwave irradiation in absolute ethanol and acetone. The synthesis performed by microwave dielectric heating significantly improved yield, up to 8 times, and shortened down the reaction time from ca. one day in conventional, to 10–20 min. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The compounds have been screened for antifungal activities against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at concentrations of 10 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL. Six compounds showed the strong inhibition of mycelium growth at a concentration of 10 µg/mL. All tested compounds revealed the great inhibitory activities against S. sclerotiorum at a concentration of 100 µg/mL.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on disease severity of charcoal rot of melons caused by Macrophomina phaseolina: implications for selection of resistance sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheyla Magdala de Sousa Linhares ◽  
Márcia Michelle Queiroz Ambrósio ◽  
Gabriel Castro ◽  
Salvador Barros Torres ◽  
Cristina Esteras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Selection Of Resistance

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antifungal Effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. and Myrtus communis L. Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melih YILAR ◽  
Yusuf BAYAN ◽  
Abdurrahman ONARAN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Agnus Castus ◽  
Petri Dishes

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of essential plant oils from Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) and Myrtus communis L. against the plant pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Sacc.) W.C. Synder & H.N. Hans, Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and Verticillium dahliae Kleb., and to determine the chemical composition of the compounds in these essential oils. GC/MS analysis was identified 25 different compounds in VAC essential oil, while the main compounds were determined as Eucalyptol (17.75%), β-Caryophyllene (13.21%) and Spathulenol (10.41%). On the other hand, the essential oil of M. communis, consisted of 16 different compounds which were Eucalyptol (49.15%), Myrtenol (19.49%) and α-Pinene (8.38%) being its main compounds. An assessment of antifungal activity was performed under in vitro conditions. Plant pathogens were inoculated onto Petri dishes (60 mm) containing PDA medium (10 mL/Petri-1), and plant essential oils were applied at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 5 and 10 (μL/Petri-1) into the 5 mm diameter wells opened on the Petri dish surface. After that, the Petri dishes incubated at 22±2 °C. The results of this study, the essential oil of M. communis, at a dose of 10 μL/ Petri, inhibited the 100% mycelium growth of V. dahliae, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani. The highest dose of VAC essential oil was also 100% inhibited V. dahliae and S. sclerotiorum. The LC50 and LC90 values of M. communis and VAC essential oil calculated for V. dahliae, FORL, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani. This plant extracts were shown by in vitro conditions to be potential antifungal agents.

Effect of temperature and/or pressure on lactoperoxidase activity in bovine milk and acid whey

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA R. LUDIKHUYZE ◽  
WENDIE L. CLAEYS ◽  
MARC E. HENDRICKX
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pressure Treatment ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
High Temperature Sensitivity

At atmospheric pressure, inactivation of lactoperoxidase (LPO) in milk and whey was studied in a temperature range of 69–73 °C and followed first order kinetics. Temperature dependence of the first order inactivation rate constants could be accurately described by the Arrhenius equation, with an activation energy of 635·3±70·7 kJ/mol for raw bovine milk and 736·9±40·9 kJ/mol for diluted whey, indicating a very high temperature sensitivity. On the other hand, LPO is very pressure resistant and not or only slightly affected by treatment at pressure up to 700 MPa combined with temperatures between 20 and 65 °C. Both for thermal and pressure treatment, stability of LPO was higher in milk than in diluted whey. Besides, a very pronounced antagonistic effect between high temperature and pressure was observed, i.e. at 73 °C, a temperature where thermal inactivation at atmospheric pressure occurs rapidly, application of pressure up to 700 MPa exerted a protective effect. At atmospheric pressure, LPO in diluted whey was optimally active at a temperature of about 50 °C. At all temperatures studied (20–60 °C), LPO remained active during pressure treatment up to 300 MPa, although the activity was significantly reduced at pressures higher than 100 MPa. The optimal temperature was found to shift to lower values (30–40 °C) with increasing pressure.

scholarly journals Cultural and morphological characterization of rhizospheric isolates of fungal antagonist Trichoderma

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Sharma ◽  
U. S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

The genus Trichoderma contains species that are of a great economic importance due to their ability to act as biological control agents against a large variety of fungal plant pathogens. In the present investigation thirty isolates of the Trichoderma sp. were obtained from the rhizosphere soils of different plants at different locations at Nainital, Almora, Udham Singh Nagar, Derhadun, Haridwar and Tehri Garhwal districts of Uttarakhand (India). The isolates were characterized on the basis of their cultural and morphological characteristics. The cultural characteristics included linear growth, colony colour, pigmentation and growth pattern. Morphological characteristics studied were structure, shape and arrangement of conidiophores, phialides and conidia. Out of thirty isolates, 6 isolates namely PB10, PB13, PB23, PB26, PB27 and PB28 were identified as T. virens and remaining 24 isolates as T. harzianum.

scholarly journals Exploration and Identification Trichoderma spp. as a Biological Control Agents to Plant Pathogens and Starter Making Biological Fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Henny V.G. Makal ◽  
Max M. Ratulangi ◽  
Denny S. Sualang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Biological Fertilizer

The objectives of this study are: (1) to inventory Trichoderma spp. in North Minahasa District, South Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, (2) inventory of Trichoderma spp. in the rhizosphere of cultivated and fallow gardens, and (3) calculate the population density of Trichoderma spp. all soil samples. The scope of this study is the biological control of plant pathogens, induce plant resistance, and biological fertilizer production. Trichoderma isolation spp. has been carried out by dilution method and cultured on PDA + antibiotics. Population density of Trichoderma spp. calculated using the plate calculation method. Identification of this species function based on the color and patterns of sporulation in the colony; hyphae and clamydospores; conidiophores; and phialides and phialospores. Trichoderma species found in North Minahasa District were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride; in South Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride; and in Tomohon City-Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride. In fallow gardens were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride, and in cultivated gardens were T. koningii and T. viride. Population densities of Trichoderma sp. in South Minahasa District, North Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, respectively 1,363.64, 466.67, and 26.67 CFU / g soil.

scholarly journals BIOCONTROLE DE Macrophomina phaseolina E PROMOÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO NA CULTURA DO GIRASSOL COM O USO DE Trichoderma sp. E RIZOBACTÉRIAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelrilene Pereira da Silva ◽  
Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi ◽  
Fábio José Gonçalves ◽  
Alan Carlos Alves de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo como Macrophomina phaseolina são de difícil controle, principalmente por formarem estruturas de resistência. Por se tratar de uma espécie polífaga, faz-se necessário realizar estudos para se obter diferentes formas efetivas de controle. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a eficiência de microrganismos benéficos no controle biológico de M. phaseolina, e na promoção de crescimento à cultura do girassol. A presente pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas, uma com ensaio in vitro e outra com ensaio in vivo. O ensaio in vitro foi conduzido no laboratório de análises microbiológicas AgroLab, onde realizou-se teste de pareamento de culturas com seis tratamentos e três repetições, sendo, (T1 - Trichoderma sp. + patógeno; T2 - Bacillus sp. + patógeno; T3 – B. pyrrocinia + patógeno; T4 – P. fluorescens + patógeno; T5 – B. subtilis + patógeno e T6 - somente o patógeno), avaliou-se a ocorrência de antibiose e selecionou-se os isolados mais promissores para o ensaio in vivo. O ensaio in vivo foi realizado na Unidade Experimental do laboratório AgroLab, em recipientes de 400 mL, em cultivo protegido, sendo conduzido em Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado com cinco tratamentos (T1 – controle; T2 - Trichodermil®; T3 - Trichoderma sp.; T4 - B. pyrrocinia e T5 - B. subtilis) em oito repetições. Foram avaliados a capacidade dos bioagentes em suprimir a severidade da doença e, sua eficiência como promotores de crescimento para a cultura do girassol. Os parâmetros avaliados nas análises de crescimento foram: comprimento de raiz e parte aérea e, biomassa da raiz e parte aérea. Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa entre si pelo teste de F (p < 0,05). Nos testes in vitro, os isolados de Trichoderma sp., Bacillus subtilis e B. pyrrocinia reportaram melhor atividade antagônica com 10,93%, 10,26% e 3,71% de inibição do crescimento micelial do patógeno, respectivamente. Na promoção de crescimento todos os tratamentos promoveram maior comprimento da raiz e aumento da biomassa da parte aérea. Não houve diferença significativa para comprimento da parte aérea em relação a testemunha, e os isolados de B. subtilis, B. pyrrocinia e Trichoderma sp. apresentaram maior biomassa da raiz. Na severidade da doença os tratamentos com B. subtilis, B. pyrrocinia, Trichoderma sp. e Trichodermil®, apresentaram 90,5%, 81,0%, 81,0% e 62,5% de supressão do patógeno, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que estes microrganismos apresentam potencial como promotores de crescimento e biocontroladores da doença, podendo tornar-se técnica viável a ser inserida ao Manejo Integrado de Doenças.

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