The Effect of Plant Density, Zinc Added to Phosphorus Fertilizer Sources and Location on Selected Yield Parameters of Soybean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Gonyane ◽  
E.T. Sebetha
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Lower Plant

Background: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is an annual herbaceous leguminous grain crop which is cultivated mainly for its oil and protein. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of plant density and zinc added to phosphorus fertilizer sources on soybean yield performance under different environmental conditions. Methods: A field trial was executed in two sites during the 2018/19 and 2019/20 summer planting seasons. The experimental design involved a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The experiment consisted of two plant densities, a lower plant density of 66 666 plants/ha and a higher plant density of 111 111 plants/ha. The five different types of fertilizer treatments were single superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, zinc sulphate added to single superphosphate, zinc sulphate added to monoammonium phosphate and control. Result: The results showed that plant density has a significant effect (P less than 0.05) on soybean number of pods per plant and the field biomass yield. Soybean planted under lower plant density conditions produced a significantly larger number of pods per plant during both planting seasons, whereas higher plant density conditions resulted in a higher soybean field biomass yield during the 2018/19 planting season. It was observed that soybean treated with monoammonium phosphate had higher seed mass.

scholarly journals Influence of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Varieties in Lemu Bilbilo District of Arsi Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gobena Negasa ◽  
Bobe Bedadi ◽  
Tolera Abera
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Arsi Zone

Faba bean production is a common practice in Lemu Bilbilo areas. However, faba bean productivity is affected and limited by poor soil fertility and lack of alternative technologies such as application of optimum phosphorus fertilizer for different faba bean varieties. In view of this, a field experiment was conducted on farmer’s field during the 2017 main cropping season at Lemu Bilbilo with the objectives to determine the response of faba bean varieties to different rates of P fertilizer and its influence on yield and yield components of faba bean varieties.  The treatments include three faba bean varieties (Tumsa, Gebelcho and Dosha) and five phosphorus levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg P ha-1) from Triple Super Phosphate. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete blocked design with 3 x 5 factorial arrangements with three replications. Significantly (P<0 .05) higher plant height was recorded from Tumsa variety. Total productive tillers per plant, thousand seed weights, and harvest index and biomass yield of faba bean were significantly affected by main effect of varieties. Higher total productive tillers per plant (1.53) were obtained from application of 30 kg P ha-1. Higher plant height (153 cm), biomass yield (14158 kg ha-1) and grain yield (6323 kg ha-1) were obtained from application of 40 kg P ha-1. Application of 10, 20 and 30 kg P ha-1 gave marginal rate of return of 1404694 and 502% for faba bean production, which are well above the minimum acceptable rate of return. Therefore, application of 20 kg ha-1 of P with Tumsa, Gebelcho and Dosha faba bean varieties were proved to be productive and superior both in seed yield as well as economic advantage and recommended for faba bean production in Lemu Bilbilo area. Further study should be conducted in the future both over locations and years in order to give full recommendation for practical application.

scholarly journals Drybean Yield under the Influence of Cultivar, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rate and Location

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirriam Islam ◽  
Erick Sebetha
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
North West ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of phosphorus fertilizer rates, cultivar and location on drybean yield production at three different locations of North West province, South Africa. The experimental design was a 5 x 3 x 3 factorial experiment fitted into a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The three drybean cultivars used were PAN 123, PAN 148 and PAN 9292. Three locations of the study were Taung, Ventersdorp and Mafikeng. The Five levels (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) of phosphorus fertilizer were applied during planting and these differed according to each location. Drybean cultivar and location had significant effect (P 0.005) on the number of pods per plant, 100- seed mass and grain yield. Drybean cultivar PAN 9292 is recommended for production due to its higher seed yield.

scholarly journals Plant density in production of mini lettuce cultivars in organic system management

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Takahashi ◽  
Antonio II Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities

Production of mini vegetables in organic system is a good alternative to improve profit, but there are no researches about the optimum plant density for these cultivars in Brazilian conditions. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the production of mini lettuce cultivars in different plant densities. Experiment 1 was conducted from January 1th (sowing) to February 10th(harvesting), 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with six treatments in factorial scheme, 3 mini lettuce cultivars (Tudela, Renoir and Sartre) x 2 spacing between plants (16 and 20 cm), with eight replications and plots (2.04 m2) with six rows, spaced 15 cm. Experiment 2 was conducted from June 6th (sowing) to July 18th (harvesting), 2012. The cultivars Sartre and Renoir were evaluated under four plant densities (444,444; 333,333; 266,667 and 200,000 plants ha-1, corresponding to spacing of 15x15, 15x20, 25x15 and 25x20 cm, respectively). Eight treatments were defined by a factorial scheme 2 (cultivars) x 4 (plant densities) and arranged in a completely randomized block design, with nine replications and plots with 2.04 m2. The evaluated characteristics in both experiments were total and marketable fresh weight per plant, plant dry weight, plant diameter and height, marketable yield and discard percentage. In first experiment, during the summer, cultivar Sartre showed the highest marketable fresh weight (72 g plant-1). Heaviest plants (91.6 g plant-1) were obtained with the higher plant spacing, but the highest yield (2.51 kg m-2) was obtained with the smaller spacing. In winter, plants with higher total (190 g plant-1) and marketable (146 g planta-1) fresh weight were obtained with cultivar Sartre, and the same was observed in low plant density. However, the higher plant density, the higher the yield.

Response of sunflower cultivars to plant density and nitrogen

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Narwal ◽  
D. S. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Lower Plant ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Filled Seeds

SummaryIn a 2-year study, sunflower oultivar EC 69874 produced greater leaf area than EC 68415, but gave similar grain yields. The former was superior in leaf area, head size and yield per plant but was inferior in 100-seed weight. The leaf area was greater at lower plant density (5·5 plants/m2), which resulted in higher 100-seed weight, number of seeds per plant and yield per plant than higher plant density (11·1 plants/m2). Plant density had no influence on the percentage of filled seeds or oil content. Application of nitrogen improved the leaf area, flowerhead size, percentage of filled seeds, 100-seed weight, yield per plant and grain yield up to 60 kg/ha but decreased the oil content.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) to Inorganic Fertilisers at Luyengo, Middleveld of Eswatini

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Ziyanda Precious Mavimbela ◽  
Mzwandile Mabuza ◽  
Tamado Tana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Combined Application

Groundnut is an important food and cash crop for smallholder farmers in Eswatini. However, its yield is very low partly due to poor soil fertility particularly calcium and phosphorus deficiencies associated with soil acidity. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different inorganic fertiliser types on growth and yield of groundnut. The treatments were: a control with no fertiliser, [2:3:2 (22) at 300 kg ha-1], single superphosphate (100 kg ha-1), calcium nitrate (120 kg ha-1) and a combination of calcium nitrate (120 kg ha-1) and single superphosphate (100 kg ha-1). A randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Results showed highly significant (p<0.01) differences among the fertiliser types on most of the growth parameters recorded. At 90% flowering, significantly highest number of leaves per plant (48.3), the tallest plant (42.17 cm), the highest canopy width (41.47 cm), the highest number of branches per plant (6.57) and plant dry biomass per plant (20.6 g) were recorded for treatments with calcium nitrate followed by the application of combination of calcium nitrate and single superphosphate. Similarly, most of the yield components and yield were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the fertiliser types. Significantly highest numbers of total pods per plant (28.8), mature pods per plant (26.9), dry pod yield (950.6 kg ha-1), hundred seed mass (82.8 g), shelling percentage (70.6) and seed yield (671.6 kg ha-1) were recorded from a combination of calcium nitrate and single superphosphate fertiliser. Thus, combined application of 120 kg ha-1 calcium nitrate and 100 kg ha-1 single superphosphate fertilisers can be used to increase the productivity of groundnut in the study area.

scholarly journals Chives production according to planting density

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e108997085
Author(s):  
Bruno Novaes Menezes Martins ◽  
Jean Lucas Mendes Castro ◽  
Joara Secchi Candian ◽  
Leticia Galhardo Jorge ◽  
Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
The Ideal

In the search for optimization of production, the use of the ideal plant density is of fundamental importance. So, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of planting densities on chive production, varying the spacing between holes and the number of plants per hole. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with twelve treatments in the 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with four spacings between holes (0.05, 0.08, 0.11 and 0.14 m) and three numbers of plants per hole (2, 3 and 4 plants per hole), with four replicates. Leaf number, plant height, leaf diameter, fresh and dry shoot weight (g plant-1) and yield (t ha-1) were evaluated. It was observed that with a greater number of plants per hole, there is reduction in the production per plant, however, the yield is higher. The smaller the spacing, the greater the yield of chives. So it is possible to recommend the higher plant density for chive production, and the use of three or four plants per hole.

scholarly journals Virus-free garlic: yield and commercial classification as a function of plant spacing and seed size

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Josué C Marodin ◽  
Francisco V Resende ◽  
Juliano TV de Resende ◽  
André Gabriel ◽  
André R Zeist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Garlic Bulb ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Lower Plant

ABSTRACT Studies on the interaction between garlic plant density and virus-free seed size are scarce in Brazil. Thus, this study was installed to evaluate the effect of plant spacing and seed size on garlic traits and yield for infected and virus-free bulbs. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design and 2x5x3 factorial combination [infected and virus-free bulbs, five plant spacings (210, 260, 300, 360, and 390 cm2 per plant), and three bulbous seed sizes (sieve one, two, and three)]. The highest bulb yield was observed for virus-free seeds at a plant spacing of 390 cm2 plant-1, while the highest commercial yield was verified for 210 cm2 plant-1 spacing. The combination of virus-free seeds, larger bulbs, and 332 cm2 plant-1 spacing promoted the highest leaf area index. For virus-free garlic, lower plant densities resulted in higher yields and garlic bulb quality. The best option for higher yields and improved commercial quality bulbs was the use of medium-sized virus-free bulbils at a plant density of about 300 thousand plants ha-1.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Fertilization Level of Zinc Sulphate and Plant Density on the Breakage Susceptibility of Triticale Seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi ◽  
R. Sharafi ◽  
F. Biranvand ◽  
N.Z. Tolabi
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Constant Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Fertilization Level ◽  
Impact Energies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In order to determine the effects of different fertilization level of zinc sulphate and plant density on the breakage susceptibility of triticale seeds an experiment was conducted during 2011 growing season, at the experimental research station of Lorestan University, Iran. A factorial experiment was conducted with 3×3 treatments and three replications in a completely randomized block design (CRBD). Factors included three plant densities (200, 300 and 400 plants/m2) and three levels of zinc sulphate (0 - control, 40 and 60 kg/ha). The harvested seeds were then subjected to impact energies of 0.05 and 0.1 J at constant moisture content of 15% using an impact test apparatus. The analysis of variance showed that fertilization level of zinc sulphate (at the 1% probability level), plant density (at the 5% level) and interaction between two variables (at the 5% level) significantly influenced breakage susceptibility of triticale seeds. The average values of percentage breakage of seeds decreased from 32.592 to 16.9268% as the fertilization level of zinc sulphate increased from 0 to 60kg/ha. As the plant density increased from 200 to 400 plants/m2 the percentage breakage of seeds decreased from 27.942 to 21.350%. Increasing the impact energy from 0.05 to 0.1 J caused an increase in the percentage breakage of seeds from 14.07 to 36.9%.

scholarly journals Yields, Calorific Value and Chemical Properties of Cup Plant Silphium perfoliatum L. Biomass, Depending on the Method of Establishing the Plantation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Marek Bury ◽  
Ewa Możdżer ◽  
Teodor Kitczak ◽  
Hanna Siwek ◽  
Małgorzata Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
The Third ◽  
Planting Method

Silphium perfoliatum L. (Silphium) is one of the most promising perennial herbaceous plants, mainly due to its high biomass yield and multiple uses. It can be grown as a fodder, ornamentally, for energy (mainly as a biogas source), and as a honey crop (source of nectar and pollen for pollinators). Despite the considerable qualities of this crop, the Silphium cultivation area in Europe is small. The main limiting factors are the significant costs of plantation establishment and the lack of biomass yield in the first year of cultivation. Considering these aspects, research was undertaken at the Agricultural Experimental Station Lipnik of West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, to assess two methods of establishing a plantation: generative, by sowing seeds (seeds); and vegetative, by transplanting seedlings grown from seeds (planting), on the yield and quality of Silphium biomass attended for combustion and its heating value and chemical composition. In 2016–2019, annual aboveground biomass was harvested after the end of vegetation to obtain the raw material for combustion. The collected dry mass yield (DMY) of Silphium significantly differed between the years and methods of establishing the plantation. The biomass yields increased in the first two years of full vegetation from 9.3 to 18.1 Mg∙ha−1·yr−1, and then decreased in the third year of vegetation to ca. 13 Mg∙ha−1·yr−1 because of drought. Significantly higher DMY was obtained by sowing seeds (ca. 13.9 Mg∙ha−1·yr−1) compared to the planting method (ca. 13.0 Mg∙ha−1·yr−1), due to the higher plant density obtained after the sowing method compared to the planting method. The calorific value in the third year was the highest and amounted to ca. 17.8 MJ·kg−1 DM. The paper also presents changes in soil chemical properties before and after four years of Silphium cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield components of soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Johanna Winkler ◽  
Maria Bernhart ◽  
Michael A. Pucher ◽  
Martin Klug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lower Plant

Summary Soybean crop management have not been studied much in Central Europe as compared with cereals. We assessed the effect of variety, row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen (N) fertilization on yields and yield components of soybean in a two-year experiment in Gleisdorf, Austria. The varieties Lenka, Naya and Xonia were tested in row spacings of 13 cm, 38 cm and 76 cm with 30 germinable seeds m−2. Additionally, 60 seeds m−2 were tested at 13 cm row spacing, and 38 cm row spacing was additionally established with N fertilization. Faster soil coverage was obtained with a high seeding rate or narrower row spacings. First pod height differed between varieties and increased with higher seeding rate. Grain yield was not affected by treatments but yield components differed. The widest row spacing resulted in a lower plant density but more pods plant−1, grains plant−1, grains pod−1 (in one year) and a higher thousand kernel weight (TKW). The higher seeding rate resulted in a higher plant density but less pods plant−1 whereas grains pod−1 and TKW did not differ. N fertilization did not affect the grain yield. Correlation analysis showed a high adaptability of soybean to different seeding rates and row spacings through modulation of yield components.

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