scholarly journals ACUTE CHEMICAL POISONINGS AS AN INDEX OF THE SYSTEM OF SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING IN THE ROSTOV REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
G. T. Aydinov ◽  
Boris I. Marchenko ◽  
Yu. A. Sinelnikova
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

The problem of acute chemical poisonings is currently important for almost all regions of Russia including the Rostov region. Acute chemical pathology leads to the deterioration of the quantitative and qualitative indices of population health that entails the loss of the ability to work and determines the high level of the premature mortality rate; has a negative impact on the social climate and socio-economic development of the region. The purpose of the study was to investigate the epidemiological and medico-social aspects of the morbidity of the population of the Rostov region in case of such forms of traumatism, as the acute poisoning of chemical etiology. In the work, there was used a regional database of toxicological monitoring for the period of 2008-2015, including information about 29750 cases of acute chemical poisonings. There was executed the comprehensive study using the methods of epidemiological analysis of the frequency, structure, long-term dynamics, extrapolative forecasting, and spatial characteristics in order to identify territorial differences. The average annual rate of acute chemical poisonings in the Rostov region is 86.20 per 100,000 (о/оооо), mortality rates and lethality respectively, amount of 8.32 о/оооо and 9.65 %. The average annual rate in cities (106.43 о/оооо) was higher than in rural areas (54.14 о/оооо) by 1.97 times. In the Rostov region there were favorable trends in the rate of acute chemical poisonings, both mortality and lethality rates, for both the urban and rural population; according to the results of extrapolative mid-term forecasting, one can expect annual negative gain rates for these indices. The results of the comparative analysis identified the «risk territory» in terms of the rate of acute poisonings of chemical etiology and the mortality rate. There were identified the leading causes (alcohol and its surrogates, drugs) and risk factors of acute chemical poisonings of the population in the cities of the Rostov region, which are necessary to take in account for the optimization of organizational and managerial decisions for of prevention of this type of traumatism.

POVERTY REDUCTION, UNEMPLOYMENT AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT; AFTERMATH OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Oderinu Hassana ◽  
◽  
Kadir Mumini ◽  
Tijani Adebayo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Gear Up ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Nigeria has one of the countries whose experience of poverty and unemployment is on the high side makes this study to look into the effect of the economic lockdown during the global pandemic in the country, with the aim of making effort on how this effect can be translated into economic development. Survey research design method was adopted with self-administered questionnaire used to collect data. Findings revealed that in Nigeria COVID -19 outbreak effects was felt in almost all sectors and the aftermath greatly affected the country’s GDP and this adversely affect rural development in the country, which translated to a worrisome rate of poverty and unemployment. Hence, both individual and government have now seen that campaigning for economic diversification is not sufficient for economic development but rather a prompt swing into action by all is needed for sustainable development of rural areas to respond to the worrisome rate of unemployment and in turn high level of poverty caused by the COVID-19 lockdown in the country. It was recommended that government at all level as well as individuals and stakeholders should put in place actions that would gear up rural development and set policies at their various helms of affairs that would encourage economic participation of all citizens in all sector of the economy.

scholarly journals Animal Health Services: Extent of Availability in Some Selected Rural Areas of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
MH Rahman ◽  
S Rana
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Animal Health Services

The main objective of the study was to assess the nature and extent of availability of animal health services received by the rural livestock farmers. The research was conducted in four upazilas namely Companyganj of Sylhet, Modhukhali of Faridpur, Mathbaria of Pirojpur and Mithamoin of Kishoreganj districts. Data were collected by using both quantitative and qualitative methods from a sample of 480 farmers during April to September 2010. Almost all of the farmers had high level of availability of veterinary services in relation to treatment of diseases and availability of medicine. Only few(6 percent) received services regarding artificial insemination. Percentage of respondents receiving services on vaccination (32 percent) and surgery and obstetrics (22 percent) were also moderate. The MFTS project beneficiaries received all services with higher frequencies than those of the non-beneficiaries except from the availability of medicine.The farmers living near upazila headquarter received better services than those living far from the upazila headquarters.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21281 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 173-177 

scholarly journals Employment of the Rural Labour Force: State, Problems, Trends

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Yugov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
High Level

Employment is one of the constitutional rights that guarantees any human being a right to work and is protected by the state. In matters of employment among rural residents, there are problems that require an in-depth study. Many research works indicate that these problems have a regional specificity, which must be taken into account when developing recommendations. To identify this specificity, the author analysed the state and determined the main trends in the development of labour force employment in Lipetsk Oblast. The analysis shows that the region has a significant amount of labour force in rural areas, accounting for 29.8% (2018) of the total labour force throughout the region. There is a tendency towards a gradual reduction in labour force with an average rate of 0.5% per year. The state of rural labour force employment in the region is different across districts. State organisations play a great role in providing employment. Employment is diversified by the type of activity. The most serious problems in rural employment are: a high level of unregistered unemployment, no progress in the development of small business in rural areas as a way to increase employment, a negative impact of low initial wage rates for open jobs on the employment centre website. The trends in the development of employment in rural areas are: the increasing importance of nonagricultural sectors of the economy for employing the rural labour force and better employment in districts with actively developing industrial production.

scholarly journals Trends in caesarean section rates in a rural block of southern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Elizabeth Muliyil ◽  
Manjunath K. ◽  
Jasmin Helan ◽  
Shantidani Minz ◽  
Kuryan George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Background: Over the last decade many programmes have been implemented to improve the health of pregnant women and neonates. This study aims to look at the changes in modes of delivery and perinatal mortality rates in a rural block of Tamil Nadu between 2006 and 2015.Methods: Data on all the births that have occurred in this rural block of Tamil Nadu that has been prospectively collected between 2006 and 2015 was analysed. A longitudinal analysis was done to calculate the primary and overall caesarean section rate and the average annual rate of increase. The perinatal mortality rate was also calculated.Results: The primary LSCS rate has increased from 9.08% in 2005 to 16.1% in 2015. The overall caesarean section rate has increased from 11.7% to 19.2% in the same time with an average annual rate of increase of 5.1%. During this period the perinatal mortality has decreased from 33 per 1000 live births to 17 per 1000 live births.Conclusions: Though the overall caesarean section rate is higher than the 15% prescribed by WHO the rates are lower than the rest of the country and rural Tamil Nadu.

scholarly journals Practice of research in mortality of the persons, which was children on the moment of accident on Chornobyl NPP and lived on the most radioactive contaminated territories of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Natalia Gunko ◽  
Mykola Omelyanets ◽  
Nataliia Dubova ◽  
Natalia Korotkova
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The Moment ◽  
High Level

Introduction. Previous studies have revealed a fairly high level of premature mortality of the population in radioactive contaminated territories (RCT) of Ukraine, which led to the feasibility of further studies of children's health at the time of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident (subjects born in 1968–1986) on mortality. Objective: to investigate retrospectively the mortality rate of subjects who were children during the CNPP accident and lived in 1986–2011 on the most radiation contaminated territories of Ukraine (Ivankivsky and Polissky districts of Kyiv region and Narodytsky and Ovrutsky districts of Zhytomyr region). Materials and methods. The combination of information bases of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine made it possible to form a study cohort (more than 31 thousand people who at the time of the CNPP accident were 0–17 years old and they lived in Ivankivsky, Polissky, Narodytsky and Ovrutsky districts) and collect anonymized information about 2.1 thousand deaths for 1986–2011. The control was the population of Ukraine of the corresponding age. Variables were calculated in accordance with the recommendations on population statistics. Documentary analysis, theoretical, general scientific, demographic, mathematical, statistical, software-technological and graphic (using the Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel software package) research methods were applied. Results. For the first time, the methodological and practical issues of studying the differentiation of mortality in subjects born in 1968–1986 who lived in the RCT in 1986-2011 were worked out. Average chronological mortality rate for 1986–2011 for the cohort in RHT was (2.26 ± 0.37) ‰, in Ukraine – (1.74 ± 0.74) ‰. There was revealed a significant excess of mortality rates inn RTH in comparison with the population of the country and men in comparison with women. It was established that the studied cohort potentially lost 82.3 thousand years of life over 26 years. In premature mortality, the leading role (50.4%) belonged to exogenous causes, 43.1 % – to somatic pathology, 6.55 % – to symptoms, signs and vaguely defined conditions. The average age of death for both sexes is (27.7 ± 0.11) years, for men – (28.2 ± 0.12) years, for women – (25.9 ± 0.23) years. Conclusions. In terms of mortality rates, the state of health of subjects who were children at the time of the CNPP accident and lived in 1986–2011 in the most radiation contaminated territories of the country is recognized as worse than the population of Ukraine of the corresponding age. Key words: radioactive contaminated territories, children on the moment of accident on Chernobyl NPP, mortality.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Indonesian Adolescents who had Experienced Pregnancy Under the Age of 20 Years: Basic Health Research 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Ratih Indraswari ◽  
Antono Suryoputro ◽  
Bagoes Widjanarko ◽  
Zahroh Shaluhiyah
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Education Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

Background: As well as other countries, Basic Health Research 2018 (Riskesdas) reported that adolescent pregnancies (aged under 20 years) occurred in almost all provinces in Indonesia. More than 60,000 Indonesian females experienced pregnancy at a young age. Objective: This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Indonesian women who had been pregnant under the age of 20 years. Methods: This study used a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design, the data processed was from Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018. The subjects were 67,392 women who experienced their first pregnancy under the age of 20 years. The independent variables of the study included the respondent's domicile, age, education level, and occupation. The dependent variable was the age at first pregnancy. All variables were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: Almost all (95.4%) Indonesian women who had experienced adolescent pregnancy were in the age range of 14-19 years when they were first pregnant. Most of the respondents lived in rural areas (68.1%), were in late adulthood (32.9%) when the survey was conducted, had completed primary school education (38.7%), and were not working (47.9%). Domicile, age, education, and occupation were related significantly to the age at which they were first pregnant (P-Value = 0.0001). Education affected the age at first pregnancy in women with a history of adolescent pregnancy (OR = 2.215). Conclusion: Adolescent with low education level is 2.2 riskier to have early pregnancy than an adolescent with high-level education. The government needs to make it a priority and seriously provide provision of reproductive health education among children before they get into their adolescence phase.

scholarly journals The Spatial–Temporal Changes of the Coupling Relationship among Agricultural Labor Force, Agricultural Economy, and Farmland in Chongqing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8780
Author(s):  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Mingying Yang ◽  
Wenzhuo Li ◽  
Heping Liao ◽  
Han Huang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
High Coordination

Agricultural labor force, agricultural economy, and farmland use are momentous components of sustainable development in rural areas, as well as essential causes of drastic changes in the urban–rural transformation. This paper studies the spatial–temporal characteristics of the labor–farmland–economy coupling structure from 2000 to 2018 in rural areas of Chongqing using spatial analysis technology. The study has four main results. First and foremost, not only has the average annual rate of the agricultural labor force in Chongqing reduced by 3.73%, but the reduction rates in Jiangbei District, Dadukou District, Nan’an District, Shapingba District, and Yubei District have exceeded 15%. Then, the average annual rate of the agricultural economy has increased by 9.32%, but it has been in a downward trend in Dadukou District, Jiangbei District, and Shapingba Districts. Furthermore, the average annual decline rate of farmland area is 0.34% with larger reduction occurring in the nine of the central urban districts, Chengkou County and Wushan County. Ultimately, there have been 33 districts and counties with the temporal–spatial characteristics of labor–farmland–economy coupling above primary coordination, which includes 16 districts and counties reaching a high coordination. This provides theoretical and methodical supports for the coordinated development of human and land industries in different regions.

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

Territorial Distribution of Alcohol and Drug Addictions Mortality Concerning Regional Disparities in the Slovak Republic from Year 1996 to Year 2015

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Extreme Position ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: This paper deals with territorial distribution of the alcohol and drug addictions mortality at a level of the districts of the Slovak Republic. AIM: The aim of the paper is to explore the relations within the administrative territorial division of the Slovak Republic, that is, between the individual districts and hence, to reveal possibly hidden relation in alcohol and drug mortality. METHODS: The analysis is divided and executed into the two fragments – one belongs to the female sex, the other one belongs to the male sex. The standardised mortality rate is computed according to a sequence of the mathematical relations. The Euclidean distance is employed to compute the similarity within each pair of a whole data set. The cluster analysis examines is performed. The clusters are created by means of the mutual distances of the districts. The data is collected from the database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for all the districts of the Slovak Republic. The covered time span begins in the year 1996 and ends in the year 2015. RESULTS: The most substantial point is that the Slovak Republic possesses the regional disparities in a field of mortality expressed by the standardised mortality rate computed particularly for the diagnoses assigned to the alcohol and drug addictions at a considerably high level. However, the female sex and the male sex have the different outcome. The Bratislava III District keeps absolutely the most extreme position. It forms an own cluster for the both sexes too. The Topoľčany District bears a similar extreme position from a point of view of the male sex. All the Bratislava districts keep their mutual notable dissimilarity. Contrariwise, evaluation of a development of the regional disparities among the districts looks like notably heterogeneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable regional discrepancies throughout the districts of the Slovak Republic. Hence, it is necessary to create a common platform how to proceed with the solution of this issue.

Methyl mercury in the dutch rhine delta

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Pieters ◽  
Victor Geuke
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Continuous Sedimentation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

Samples of yellow eel from various locations in the Dutch Rhine area have been analyzed for trend monitoring of mercury since 1977. In the western Rhine delta mercury levels in eels have hardly changed since the seventies, whereas in the eastern part of the Dutch Rhine area a considerable decrease of mercury concentrations in eel has occurred. Because of continuous sedimentation of contaminated suspended matter transported from upstream regions, accumulation rates and concentrations of mercury in eel in the western Rhine delta remained at a relatively high level. Analyses of methyl mercury in biota have been performed to elucidate the role of methyl mercury in the mercury contamination of the Dutch Rhine ecosystem. Low percentages of methyl mercury were observed in zooplankton (3 to 35%). In benthic organisms (mussels) percentages of methyl mercury ranged from 30 to 57%, while in fish species and liver of aquatic top predator birds almost all the mercury was present in the form of methyl mercury (&gt; 80%). During the period 1970-1990 mercury concentrations of suspended matter in the eastern Rhine delta have drastically decreased. These concentrations seemed to be highly correlated with mercury concentrations of eel (R = 0.84). The consequences of this relation are discussed.

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