Chronic hyponatremia in the elderly: association with geriatric syndromes (review of literature)

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 597-601
Author(s):  
S. V. Bulgakova ◽  
E. V. Treneva ◽  
N. O. Zakharova ◽  
A. V. Nikolaeva ◽  
E. A. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Chronic Hyponatremia ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Hyponatremia is more common in the elderly. A number of studies suggest that even mild chronic hyponatremia is a serious danger, increasing the risks of developing geriatric syndromes, falls, low bone density, fractures, cognitive impairment, and death of all causes. Although the mechanism for the development of such complications is currently not completely clear. Questions remain about the need and methods for correcting this condition, although there is some evidence that the correction of hyponatremia improves cognitive functions, postural balance, minimizing the risk of falls and fractures. These issues are addressed in this review of the literature.

scholarly journals The Association between Physical Activity and Selected Parameters of Psychological Status and Dementia in Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7549
Author(s):  
Angelika Cisek-Woźniak ◽  
Kinga Mruczyk ◽  
Rafał W. Wójciak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
The Impact

Physical activity has an unquestionable impact on broadly understood human health. One interesting issue related to this is the importance of movement on mental health and cognitive functioning. Research shows that regular physical activity improves the cognitive functioning of adults and people with mental disorders. Regular physical activity can be an important and powerful protective factor in cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly, and exercise is an important non-pharmacological treatment for mild cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to present the impact of physical activity on selected cognitive functions in physically active women over 60 years of age. The research was carried out in a group of 110 generally healthy women from the area of western Poland over 60 years of age, who were divided into four groups based on the intensity of their physical activity. A pedometer (sport watch) and a physical activity diary were used to measure physical activity. Body Mass Index was assessed. Selected cognitive functions were assessed using the MMSE test, motor and psychomotor skills were measured, and Luria’s auditory memory test and recall test, a clock drawing test, and a GDS test were performed. There were statistically significant relationships between the level of physical activity and the effectiveness of cognitive processes. These results show that about 5000 steps a day is enough to see a positive effect on the mental health and cognitive functioning of this group of the elderly population. The women had an average BMI of 28.1 ± 4.7. BMI, indicating an overweight condition (over 30 kg/m2), was observed in 31% of women. The results of this study lead the authors to conclude that physical activity positively influences cognitive function and can be recommended for all seniors who do not have other serious comorbidities that would prevent them from playing sports.

scholarly journals Reabilitação do equilíbrio postural com o uso de jogos de realidade virtual

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Luana Hilario de Meireles Lima ◽  
Diego Santos Fagundes ◽  
Miguel Furtado Menezes ◽  
Maiara Lazaretti Rodrigues Do Prado ◽  
Michele Thais Favero
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Balance Deficits ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
Traditional Therapies

Os déficits de equilíbrio postural podem levar a limitações nas atividades de vida diária, reduzindo a autonomia e aumentando o risco de quedas dos indivíduos. A fisioterapia dispõe de uma variedade de recursos que podem ser utilizados para a reabilitação do equilíbrio postural, e a realidade virtual é um dos recursos que vem sendo utilizado com este objetivo, pois através de repetição, feedback e motivação, pode proporcionar ao usuário maior controle do equilíbrio postural. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura existente sobre os efeitos das intervenções com jogos de realidade virtual na reabilitação de déficits de equilíbrio postural. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura utilizando Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DECs), com análise de publicações impressas em livros do acervo da Biblioteca Júlio Bordignon da Faculdade de Educação e Meio Ambiente – FAEMA, e consulta de trabalhos indexados e publicados nas bases de dados LILACS, SCIELO, PubMed e Google Acadêmico. Considerações Finais: Os estudos analisados apontam que a intervenção terapêutica com o uso da realidade virtual como uma ferramenta tecnológica para a reabilitação do equilíbrio postural mostrou ser de grande importância e poderia auxiliar as terapias tradicionais, no entanto, mais estudos serão necessários para entender qual é o mecanismo pelo qual a realidade virtual atua melhorando o equilíbrio postural. ABSTRACT: Postural balance deficits can lead to limitations in activities of daily living, reducing autonomy and increasing the risk of falls of individuals. Physiotherapy has a variety of resources that can be used for the rehabilitation of postural balance, and virtual reality is one of the resources that has been used with this objective, because through repetition, feedback and motivation can provide the user greater control of the postural balance. Aim: To review the existing literature on the effects of interventions with virtual reality games in the rehabilitation of postural balance deficits. Method: A review of the literature was performed with Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DECs) an analysis of publications printed on books from the Júlio Bordignon Library of the Faculdade de Educação e Meio Ambiente - FAEMA, and confer of papers indexed and published in the databases LILACS, SCIELO, PubMed and Google Scholar. Conclusions:  The studies analyzed indicate that therapeutic intervention with the use of virtual reality as a technological tool for the rehabilitation of postural balance has been shown to be of great importance and could help traditional therapies; however, further studies will be necessary to understand the mechanism by which virtual reality works by improving postural balance.

scholarly journals Is there a Link between Physical, Cognitive and Fear of Falls among Elderly with Diabetes Mellitus?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Azliyana Azizan ◽  
Asilah Anum ◽  
Amiera Alias
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
General Weakness ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Training Need ◽  
Fear Of Falls

Imbalance and general weakness are amongst the most common impairments in the elderly and put them at a significantly higher risk of falling. Therefore, this study aims to compare the physical and cognitive functions towards fear of falls among 80 community-dwelling elders with and without diabetes mellitus. The results revealed that there was a decline in cognitive functions, reduced in physical function and high risk of falls among the elderly with diabetes. In conclusion, balance and resistance training need to be included in the daily exercise regime to reduce the risk of falls in the elderly, especially those with diabetes. Keywords: Cognitive; Elderly; Fear of falls; Physical eISSN 2514-7528 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v4i13.333

scholarly journals Management of Demented Patients in Emergency Department

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Valeriani
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Acute Confusional State ◽  
Somatic Disease ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Somatic Comorbidity ◽  
Risk Of Falls

The hospitalization of the elderly with acute illness is one of the most discussed in the organization of health services, it is not yet clear whether the hospital is really the best response to the needs of the elderly, especially those with cognitive impairment. Despite evidence of possible adverse effects of hospitalization (immobilization, acute confusional state resulting in sedation, risk of falls, intestinal sub-ileus), there has been an increasing use of the hospital, particularly to specialist services. Regardless of the benefits from the shelter (instrumental diagnosis and prompt treatment of acute somatic disease), in people with dementia it needs to identify the characteristics of the person (cognitive impairment, functional status, somatic comorbidity, social and familial status), the personal needs and, therefore, diagnostic and therapeutic targets which must be assumed for that sick person during hospitalization. To this end, it is fundamental the role of assessment and diagnostic orientation that takes place in the Department of Emergency and Acceptance (DEA), which mainly receives patients at the hospital. Even before the hospital recovery it is therefore essential to check how many elderly patients with cognitive impairment that belong to the DEA, and what are their needs.

THE EVALUATION OF BASIС ACTIVITIES OF GERIATRIC PATIENTS IN THEIR DAILY LIVING

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
Елизавета Андреевна Тимошина ◽  
Вероника Ивановна Шевцова ◽  
Анна Александровна Зуйкова ◽  
Елена Юрьевна Есина
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Basic Activity ◽  
Boarding House ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Index Value

Целью данного исследования явилась оценка базовой активности в повседневной жизни у пациентов, находящихся в «Дом-интернат для престарелых и инвалидов «Пансионат «Грибановский», определение факторов, влияющих на нее, и возможности их коррекции. В исследовании приняли участие 51 пациент, проживающие в доме-интернате, средний возраст составил 74,7±1,4 лет. Произведена оценка базовой активности в повседневной жизни (индекс Бартел), когнитивных функций (по тесту мини-КОГ), физического функционирования (с использованием Краткой батареи тестов физического функционирования), рассчитан риск падений по шкале Морсе. Выявлены значимые взаимосвязи между значением индекса Бартел и результатами тестов оценки когнитивных функций, мобильности и риском падений, оценена их связь с полом и возрастом. Выявлена статистически значимая прямая связь между значением индекса Бартел и результатами тестов оценки когнитивных функций и мобильности, а также статистически значимая обратная связь индекса Бартел с риском падений у пациентов пожилого возраста. Было определено, женщины больше ограничены в повседневной активности и зависимы от окружающих The aim of this study was to assess the basic activity in everyday life in patients in the Gribanovsky boarding house for the elderly and disabled, determining the factors affecting it and the possibility of their correction. The study involved 51 patients living in a boarding house, the average age was 74.7 ± 1.4 years. Basic activity in everyday life (Bartel index), cognitive functions (according to the mini-KOG test), physical functioning (using the Short Battery of Physical Functioning Tests) were evaluated, the risk of falls on the Morse scale was calculated. Significant relationships between the Bartel index value and the results of tests for assessing cognitive functions, mobility and the risk of falls were identified, and their association with sex and age was assessed. A statistically significant direct association between the Bartel index value and the results of cognitive and mobility assessment tests was identified, as well as a statistically significant inverse association of the Bartel index with the risk of falls in elderly patients. It was determined that women are more limited in daily activity and dependent on others

scholarly journals The Oral Anticoagulants Administration in Elderly Patients with Geriatric Syndromes: What's New?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 984-993
Author(s):  
N. M. Vorobyeva ◽  
O. N. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Consensus Document ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic ◽  
Risk Of Falls

The administration of oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with geriatric syndromes such as senile asthenia syndrome, falls and high risk of falls, dementia, polymorbidity, polypharmacy are discussed in the article. The evidence base for the anticoagulants taking in patients with atrial fibrillation aged ≥75, ≥80, ≥85 and ≥90 years, in patients with atrial fibrillation and various geriatric syndromes, as well as in elderly patients with venous thromboembolic complications and frailty syndrome is presented. Most studies indicate significant advantages of direct oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban) over the vitamin K antagonist warfarin in elderly patients with geriatric syndromes. An updated version of the FORTA consensus document, which aims to optimize the prescription of medicines for the elderly, is also presented. Apixaban has a FORTA-A safety class and is the safest oral anticoagulant in elderly patients.

The effects of two spinal orthoses on balance in elderly people with thoracic kyphosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Azadinia ◽  
Mojtaba Kamyab ◽  
Hamid Behtash ◽  
Nader Maroufi ◽  
Bagher Larijani
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Random Order ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Training Support ◽  
Directional Control ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Thoracic Hyperkyphosis

Background:Hyperkyphosis increases the risk of falls for elderly people by reducing postural balance. Spinomed orthosis and the posture-training support are two available options for improving postural balance but have never been compared.Objectives:To compare the effect of the Spinomed orthosis and the posture-training support on balance in elderly people with thoracic hyperkyphosis.Study Design:This study is a clinical trial on an accessible sample of elderly people with thoracic kyphosis.Method:Eighteen participants (16 women and 2 men), aged 60–80 years, with thoracic kyphosis greater than 50°, completed the study procedure. Subjects were randomly allocated to two groups, namely, Spinomed orthosis and the posture-training support groups. Sensory organization test and limits of stability were assessed using the EquiTest system and the Balance Master system, respectively. Balance score, directional control, and reaction time were measured to evaluate balance with and without orthosis in a random order.Results:In the posture-training support group, significant changes were observed in the studied balance parameters: balance score ( p < 0.001), directional control ( p = 0.027), and reaction time ( p = 0.047). There was a significant change in balance score ( p < 0.001) and directional control ( p = 0.032) in the Spinomed group. However, there were no significant differences in the effect of the two orthoses, the Spinomed orthosis and posture-training support, on balance factors.Conclusion:Both Spinomed orthosis and posture-training support may improve balance in the elderly with thoracic hyperkyphosis in a similar manner.Clinical relevanceDespite the importance of falls suffered by elderly people, not much attention has been paid to balance improvement and fall prevention while managing hyperkyphosis. This study evaluates the effect of the Spinomed orthosis and posture-training support on balance in hyperkyphotic elderly people. It provides some new insights into reducing the risk of falls for elderly people.

scholarly journals Psychological correction of mild cognitive impairments in the elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 20017
Author(s):  
Dmitry Savchenko ◽  
Natalya Belyakova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Correctional Programs ◽  
The People ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses in detail the features of cognitive functions in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. The aim of this research was to develop, implement and study the impact of psycho-correctional programs on mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. This article focuses on such cognitive functions as memory, attention, and thinking. We used the following methods to implement the research goal and objectives: theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the research topic; psychodiagnostic methods: Wechsler memory scale (WMS), the “10 words of Luria” method, Schulte tables, Munsterberg's test, methodology Simple Analogies, and Object Exclusion methods. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for matched pairs, a method of mathematical statistics, was used to process the data obtained. Based on the initial diagnosis, a program was developed for psychological correction of cognitive functions in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment, which included a number of therapies of a certain duration. Based on the repeated diagnostics, recommendations were developed to use the psychological correctional program by psychologists, clinical psychologists working with the elderly, as well as for the people of this age to maintain their cognitive functions within the individual norm and their relatives.

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