scholarly journals IMPACT OF TUBERCULOSIS AND ANTITUBERCULOUS CHEMOTHERAPY ON LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD PLASMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Dmitri Sergeevich Riasensii ◽  
N. A. Grishkina ◽  
A. V. Aseev
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Lipid Spectrum ◽  
Antituberculous Chemotherapy

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by tuberculosis mycobacteria of human or bovine types and is characterized by multiple organs failure and chronic recurrent course. The blood plasma lipid spectrum state is one of the antituberculous chemotherapy toxic effect markers. The important role of the ratio of various fractions of general and blood phospholipids for the evaluation of the state of the organism in infectious pathology is proved. The purpose of this work is to study the features of the lipid spectrum of blood plasma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis prior to treatment and at the end of the intensive phase of antituberculous chemotherapy. Three hundred and eight young and middle-aged patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. The lipid and phospholipid spectrum of blood was determined prior to initiating the antituberculous chemotherapy and after the end of the intensive phase. The absolute content of general lipids and total phospholipids of blood plasma, as well as all their fractions, in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were higher than in healthy volunteers. In this regard, the representation of the lipid spectrum in absolute units does not reflect all the features of lipid metabolism disruption, which is primarily manifested in the plasma lipids main classes ratio violation. It is shown that the spectrum of lipid and phospholipid composition of blood plasma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis differs significantly from the spectrum in healthy people. Antituberculous chemotherapy with bactericidal and bacteriostatic action comes with normalization of a number of lipid metabolism indicators such as free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phosphatidylserine. However, such indicators as total phospholipids, free cholesterol and lysophospholipids show negative dynamics, which is probably caused by the antituberculous drug’s effect.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF TUBERCULOSIS AND ANTITUBERCULOUS CHEMOTHERAPY ON LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD PLASMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Dmitri Sergeevich Riasensii ◽  
N. A. Grishkina ◽  
A. V. Aseev
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Lipid Spectrum ◽  
Antituberculous Chemotherapy

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by tuberculosis mycobacteria of human or bovine types and is characterized by multiple organs failure and chronic recurrent course. The blood plasma lipid spectrum state is one of the antituberculous chemotherapy toxic effect markers. The important role of the ratio of various fractions of general and blood phospholipids for the evaluation of the state of the organism in infectious pathology is proved. The purpose of this work is to study the features of the lipid spectrum of blood plasma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis prior to treatment and at the end of the intensive phase of antituberculous chemotherapy. Three hundred and eight young and middle-aged patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. The lipid and phospholipid spectrum of blood was determined prior to initiating the antituberculous chemotherapy and after the end of the intensive phase. The absolute content of general lipids and total phospholipids of blood plasma, as well as all their fractions, in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were higher than in healthy volunteers. In this regard, the representation of the lipid spectrum in absolute units does not reflect all the features of lipid metabolism disruption, which is primarily manifested in the plasma lipids main classes ratio violation. It is shown that the spectrum of lipid and phospholipid composition of blood plasma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis differs significantly from the spectrum in healthy people. Antituberculous chemotherapy with bactericidal and bacteriostatic action comes with normalization of a number of lipid metabolism indicators such as free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phosphatidylserine. However, such indicators as total phospholipids, free cholesterol and lysophospholipids show negative dynamics, which is probably caused by the antituberculous drug’s effect.

scholarly journals Novel therapeutic evaluation biomarkers of lipid metabolism targets in uncomplicated pulmonary tuberculosis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Xi Chen ◽  
Yu-Shuai Han ◽  
Shan-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Bin Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Lipid Metabolites ◽  
Lipid Spectrum ◽  
Potential Biomarkers ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

AbstractCurrently, the management of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) lacks potent medications and accurate efficacy evaluation biomarkers. In view of the fact that the host lipids are the important energy source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), UPLC-MS/MS based on lipid metabolism was used to monitor the plasma lipid spectrum of TB patients from the initial diagnosis to cured. The analysis showed that TB patients presented aberrant metabolism of phospholipids, glycerides, and sphingolipids. Upon the treatment, the abnormal expression of Cer (d18:1/24:0), CerP (d18:1/20:3), LPE (0:0/22:0), LPA (0:0/16:0), and LPA (0:0/18:0) in TB patients were gradually normalized, indicating that the intervention of lipid metabolism could block energy metabolism and inhibit the cell wall synthesis of Mtb. Furthermore, the increase in ceramide (Cer) levels could promote autophagosome–lysosome fusion. LPA (0:0/16:0) and LPA (0:0/18:0) had a great potential in the early diagnosis (both sensitivity and specificity were 100%) and efficacy evaluation (both sensitivity and specificity were 100%) of TB, indicating that the above lipid metabolites could be used as potential biomarkers for TB.

Lipids as Triggering Factors in Thrombosis

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 032-048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Nordøy
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Western World ◽  
Platelet Factor

SummaryAn association has been established between acute and more persistent changes in lipid metabolism as reflected in plasma lipids, and platelet lipid metabolism. Platelet function is affected, particularly the activity and availability of platelet factor 3, however, also other changes making the platelets more sensitive to aggregating substances without interfering with the lipid part of platelet factor 3, have been documented. Experimental studies have demonstrated an increased tendency to thrombosis in animals given a diet with a high fat content with a high ratio of saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies in man have mainly established a connection between dietary fats, plasma lipid abnormalities and frequency of coronary heart disease and clinical studies more directly relating thrombosis to lipid metabolism is highly warranted. Many open questions remain to be answered. Probably most relevant would be to understand how the antithrombotic mechanisms in the body are affected by changes in lipid metabolism. Even if thrombotic lesions are very common events in the western world our knowledge based on laboratory and experimental studies should indicate a much higher incidence, solely based on interactions between lipids and platelets in subjects exposed to our dietary habits and our way of life.

scholarly journals Sex-specific plasma lipid profiles of ME/CFS patients and their association with pain, fatigue, and cognitive symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Nkiliza ◽  
Megan Parks ◽  
Adam Cseresznye ◽  
Sarah Oberlin ◽  
James E. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex illness which disproportionally affects females. This illness is associated with immune and metabolic perturbations that may be influenced by lipid metabolism. We therefore hypothesized that plasma lipids from ME/CFS patients will provide a unique biomarker signature of disturbances in immune, inflammation and metabolic processes associated with ME/CFS. Methods Lipidomic analyses were performed on plasma from a cohort of 50 ME/CFS patients and 50 controls (50% males and similar age and ethnicity per group). Analyses were conducted with nano-flow liquid chromatography (nLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems coupled with a high mass accuracy ORBITRAP mass spectrometer, allowing detection of plasma lipid concentration ranges over three orders of magnitude. We examined plasma phospholipids (PL), neutral lipids (NL) and bioactive lipids in ME/CFS patients and controls and examined the influence of sex on the relationship between lipids and ME/CFS diagnosis. Results Among females, levels of total phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), omega-6 arachidonic acid-containing PE, and total hexosylceramides (HexCer) were significantly decreased in ME/CFS compared to controls. In males, levels of total HexCer, monounsaturated PE, phosphatidylinositol (PI), and saturated triglycerides (TG) were increased in ME/CFS patients compared to controls. Additionally, omega-6 linoleic acid-derived oxylipins were significantly increased in male ME/CFS patients versus male controls. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified three major components containing mostly PC and a few PE, PI and SM species—all of which were negatively associated with headache and fatigue severity, irrespective of sex. Correlations of oxylipins, ethanolamides and ME/CFS symptom severity showed that lower concentrations of these lipids corresponded with an increase in the severity of headaches, fatigue and cognitive difficulties and that this association was influenced by sex. Conclusion The observed sex-specific pattern of dysregulated PL, NL, HexCer and oxylipins in ME/CFS patients suggests a possible role of these lipids in promoting immune dysfunction and inflammation which may be among the underlying factors driving the clinical presentation of fatigue, chronic pain, and cognitive difficulties in ill patients. Further evaluation of lipid metabolism pathways is warranted to better understand ME/CFS pathogenesis.

Lipoprotein metabolism

2011 ◽  
pp. 1659-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Angelin ◽  
Paolo Parini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Plasma Lipoprotein ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The realization that raised concentrations of plasma lipids, particularly cholesterol, are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease has stimulated the study of factors regulating plasma lipid metabolism. With the use of increasingly refined methodology, our understanding of normal plasma lipoprotein metabolism and its derangements due to the influence of genetic and environmental factors is continuously expanding. This chapter summarizes some current concepts regarding plasma lipoprotein transport in normal humans, forming a basis for the discussion of the development of various dyslipidaemias in the following chapters. Lipids represent a heterogeneous group of substances with several biological functions. Phospholipids and cholesterol are essential components of cell membranes, and cholesterol is also the precursor of steroid hormones and bile acids. Some fatty acids form the origin of bioactive compounds such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes; phospholipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol may also serve as signalling molecules in their own right. Furthermore, lipid complexes are necessary for the transport of lipid-soluble vitamins, and may have a protective role in the defence against toxins and infectious agents. From an overall physiological perspective, however, the major function of plasma lipid metabolism is the exchange of fat as energy substrates.

scholarly journals Tribbles-1: a novel regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism in humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Bauer ◽  
Batuhan O. Yenilmez ◽  
Daniel J. Rader
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Lipid

The protein tribbles-1, encoded by the gene TRIB1, is increasingly recognized as a major regulator of multiple cellular and physiological processes in humans. Recent human genetic studies, as well as molecular biological approaches, have implicated this intriguing protein in the aetiology of multiple human diseases, including myeloid leukaemia, Crohn's disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidaemia and coronary artery disease (CAD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have repeatedly identified variants at the genomic TRIB1 locus as being significantly associated with multiple plasma lipid traits and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. The involvement of TRIB1 in hepatic lipid metabolism has been validated through viral-mediated hepatic overexpression of the gene in mice; increasing levels of TRIB1 decreased plasma lipids in a dose-dependent manner. Additional studies have implicated TRIB1 in the regulation of hepatic lipogenesis and NAFLD. The exact mechanisms of TRIB1 regulation of both plasma lipids and hepatic lipogenesis remain undetermined, although multiple signalling pathways and transcription factors have been implicated in tribbles-1 function. Recent reports have been aimed at developing TRIB1-based lipid therapeutics. In summary, tribbles-1 is an important modulator of human energy metabolism and metabolic syndromes and worthy of future studies aimed at investigating its potential as a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Atherogenicity of blood plasma lipid spectrum during sugar-reducing therapy in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
A. S. Ametov ◽  
N. V. Perova ◽  
N. L. Vinnitskaya ◽  
V. Z. Topchiashvili
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Secondary Failure ◽  
Lipid Spectrum

Blood plasma lipoprotein spectrum and phospholipid spectrum of high density lipoproteins (HDLP) was studied in patients with newly detected noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and in patients with "secondary failure" of sulfanilamide drugs. Hyperlipidemia, mainly at the expense of increased concentration of triglycerides, very low density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, was detected in the patients. HDLP phospholipid composition was disturbed, with sphyngomyelin level increased and lecithin content decreased. Glurenorm therapy led to reduction of the atherogenicity of blood plasma lipid spectrum despite the persistent basal and postload hyperinsulinemia, thus indirectly indicating an improved function of endogenous insulin. Antiatherogenic effect of glurenorm is evidently mediated by reduction of insulin resistance due to extrapancreatic effect of the drug. Intensive insulin therapy of patients with secondary failure led to a marked reduction of atherogenic components of lipid spectrum. The hypolipidemic effect of insulin therapy seems to be due to recovery of the inhibitory effect of insulin on lipolysis against the background of improved sensitivity to insulin and reduced insulin resistance. A positive effect of insulin therapy on lipid metabolism should not be regarded as an evidence in favor of theoretical assumptions and apprehensions about increased risk of atherogenesis as a result of exogenous hyperinsulinemia.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Lipid Metabolism in Zebu and British Cattle in a Tropical Environment. I. Plasma Lipid Levels of Grazing Cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC O'kelly
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Free State ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Grazing Cattle

Plasma lipids have been studied in 77 British (Hereford and Shorthorn), 23 rahman, 63 Brahman X British, 35 Africander, and 182 Africander X British grazing cattle. Cholesterol, phospholipid, and total lipid levels were significantly (P < 0�001) higher in Zebu breeds than in British breeds. The proportion of cholesterol present in the free state was relatively constant and given by the regression equation:

Abstract 75: Somatic Overexpression and Knockdown in Mice to Identify Causal Genes Underlying 26 Lipid-associated Loci

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evanthia Pashos ◽  
Ioannis M Stylianou ◽  
Dawn Marchadier ◽  
Antonino Picataggi ◽  
Valeska S Redon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Humanized Mouse Model ◽  
Human Apolipoprotein ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Causal Genes

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 95 loci in the human genome that harbor common variants associated with plasma lipid traits. Of the 95 loci, 17 harbor genes known to cause monogenic lipid disorders and collectively a third of them contain genes with characterized roles in lipid metabolism. Therefore in the majority of loci the causal genes are unknown. We selected 32 genes, not previously implicated in lipid metabolism and representing a total of 26 loci, to test for their ability to modify plasma lipid concentrations upon somatic overexpression in vivo. We utilized adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) to overexpress the selected genes specifically in the livers of both C57BL/6 mice and in an appropriate humanized mouse model (either mice expressing human apolipoprotein A-I for HDL loci or Apobec1-knockout, Ldlr haploinsufficient mice expressing human apolipoprotein B-100 for triglyceride and LDL loci). Approximately half of the genes tested reproducibly affected plasma lipids. For 13 of the interrogated loci the lipid-associated variants also correlated with expression variations of the respective genes in liver (liver expression quantitative trait loci-eQTLs). We demonstrate a causal role for 7 of these 13 genes. The overexpression of these 7 genes not only affected the predicted lipid class, but additionally exerted its effect in the predicted direction in 6 of 7 cases (Tmem57, Slc39a8, Ppp1r3b, Vkorc1, Tbkbp1 and Ube2l3). Additionally for a subset of the examined genes we proceeded to develop small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles that were particularly targeted to the liver. We were able to obtain robust knockdown for a significant number of genes and, in several cases, observe reciprocal effects on plasma lipids from our overexpression and knockdown studies. This work has identified several novel lipid regulators, whose further investigation can uncover novel mechanisms and pathways controlling plasma lipids.

Cardioprotective Effects of Diet with Different Grains on Lipid Profiles and Antioxidative System in Obesity-Induced Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kim ◽  
H. Shin ◽  
S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Male Rats

In the present study, the nutritional quality of four grains including adlay (AD), buckwheat (BW), glutinous barley (GB), and white rice (WR) were evaluated in terms of plasma lipid parameters, gut transit time, and thickness of the aortic wall in rats. The rats were then raised for 4 weeks on the high-fat diet based on the American Institute of Nutrition-93 (AIN-93 G) diets containing 1 % cholesterol and 20 % dietary lipids. Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups and raised for 4 weeks with a diet containing one of the following grains: WR, AD, BW, or WB. The level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in liver was shown to be higher in rats by the order of those fed WR, AD, GB, and BW. This indicates that other grains decreased oxidative stress in vivo more than WR. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase levels in the AD, BW, and GB groups were significantly higher than those in the WR group (p < 0.05). Plasma lipid profiles differed significantly according to grain combination, and decreased aortic wall thickness was consistent with the finding of decreased plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.05) and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in rats fed AD, BW, and GB (p < 0.001). The antioxidant and hypolipidemic capacities of grains are quite high, especially those of adlay, buckwheat, and glutinous barley. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the whole grains had a cardioprotective effect. This effect was related to several mechanisms that corresponded to lowering plasma lipids, decreasing TBARS, and increasing antioxidant activities.

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