Lipids as Triggering Factors in Thrombosis

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 032-048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Nordøy
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Western World ◽  
Platelet Factor

SummaryAn association has been established between acute and more persistent changes in lipid metabolism as reflected in plasma lipids, and platelet lipid metabolism. Platelet function is affected, particularly the activity and availability of platelet factor 3, however, also other changes making the platelets more sensitive to aggregating substances without interfering with the lipid part of platelet factor 3, have been documented. Experimental studies have demonstrated an increased tendency to thrombosis in animals given a diet with a high fat content with a high ratio of saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies in man have mainly established a connection between dietary fats, plasma lipid abnormalities and frequency of coronary heart disease and clinical studies more directly relating thrombosis to lipid metabolism is highly warranted. Many open questions remain to be answered. Probably most relevant would be to understand how the antithrombotic mechanisms in the body are affected by changes in lipid metabolism. Even if thrombotic lesions are very common events in the western world our knowledge based on laboratory and experimental studies should indicate a much higher incidence, solely based on interactions between lipids and platelets in subjects exposed to our dietary habits and our way of life.

scholarly journals Association betweentrans-fatty acids in erythrocytes and pro-atherogenic lipid profiles among Canadian Inuit of Nunavik: possible influences of sex and age

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Counil ◽  
Pierre Julien ◽  
Benoit Lamarche ◽  
Marie-Ludivine Château-Degat ◽  
Annie Ferland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional

Dietary exposure totrans-fatty acids (TFA) is likely to be high among Canadian Inuit; yet no data are available on the physiological effects of TFA in this population. The purpose of the present study was to assess the association between TFA and plasma lipid profiles in Inuit men and women living in Nunavik (Québec, Canada). In a cross-sectional, population-based survey, a total of 795 Nunavik Inuit eligible participants gave a blood sample. Exposure to TFA was assessed by their relative proportion in erythrocyte membrane. We performed multiple regression analysis using plasma lipids or their linear combinations as the dependent variables and TFA as the main predictor, adjusting for potential confounders. The associations varied markedly between the sexes and according to age. In men (n357, aged 36·3 (sd14·3) years, TFA 1·24 (sd0·54) %), TFA tended to be negatively associated with HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA1 and LDL particle size, and positively associated with non-HDL-C, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), apoB100, the apoB100:apoA1 ratio and the ratios of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and TAG to HDL-C. No such trends were observed in women (n438, aged 37·0 (sd14·1) years, TFA 1·16 (sd0·54) %), except for HDL-C and apoA1 in women aged 50 years and more. These results suggest that TFA could raise the risk of CHD in Inuit men at least through their physiological effects on plasma lipids. The differential associations reported in pre- and postmenopausal women need to be reproduced in other populations and in experimental studies addressing the influence of sex hormones in response to dietary fats.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF TUBERCULOSIS AND ANTITUBERCULOUS CHEMOTHERAPY ON LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD PLASMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Dmitri Sergeevich Riasensii ◽  
N. A. Grishkina ◽  
A. V. Aseev
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Lipid Spectrum ◽  
Antituberculous Chemotherapy

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by tuberculosis mycobacteria of human or bovine types and is characterized by multiple organs failure and chronic recurrent course. The blood plasma lipid spectrum state is one of the antituberculous chemotherapy toxic effect markers. The important role of the ratio of various fractions of general and blood phospholipids for the evaluation of the state of the organism in infectious pathology is proved. The purpose of this work is to study the features of the lipid spectrum of blood plasma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis prior to treatment and at the end of the intensive phase of antituberculous chemotherapy. Three hundred and eight young and middle-aged patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. The lipid and phospholipid spectrum of blood was determined prior to initiating the antituberculous chemotherapy and after the end of the intensive phase. The absolute content of general lipids and total phospholipids of blood plasma, as well as all their fractions, in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were higher than in healthy volunteers. In this regard, the representation of the lipid spectrum in absolute units does not reflect all the features of lipid metabolism disruption, which is primarily manifested in the plasma lipids main classes ratio violation. It is shown that the spectrum of lipid and phospholipid composition of blood plasma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis differs significantly from the spectrum in healthy people. Antituberculous chemotherapy with bactericidal and bacteriostatic action comes with normalization of a number of lipid metabolism indicators such as free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phosphatidylserine. However, such indicators as total phospholipids, free cholesterol and lysophospholipids show negative dynamics, which is probably caused by the antituberculous drug’s effect.

scholarly journals Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Plasma and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Liver Histomorphology in Normal Sprague-Dawley Rats

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
Rui-Yi Chen ◽  
Meng-Tsan Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Chitosan oligosaccharide is known to ameliorate hypercholesterolemia and diabetes. However, some studies found that chitosan oligosaccharide might induce mild to moderate hepatic damage in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese rats or diabetic rats. Chitosan oligosaccharide can be as a dietary supplement, functional food, or drug. Its possible toxic effects to normal subjects need to be clarified. This study is designed to investigate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism and liver histomorphology in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. Diets supplemented with 5% chitosan oligosaccharide have been found to induce liver damage in HF diet-fed rats. We therefore selected 5% chitosan oligosaccharide as an experimental object. Rats were divided into: a normal control diet group and a normal control diet +5% chitosan oligosaccharide group. The experimental period was 12 weeks. The results showed that supplementation of 5% chitosan oligosaccharide did not significantly change the body weight, food intake, liver/adipose tissue weights, plasma lipids, hepatic lipids, plasma levels of AST, ALT, and TNF-α/IL-6, hepatic lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidative enzyme activities, fecal lipids, and liver histomorphology in normal rats. These findings suggest that supplementation of 5% chitosan oligosaccharide for 12 weeks may not induce lipid metabolism disorder and liver toxicity in normal rats.

scholarly journals CURRENT EPIDEMIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ROLE OF FLAVONOIDS IN PROSTATE CARCINOGENESIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sak
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Western World ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Prostate Tumorigenesis

Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated anticancer action of polyphenolic plant metabolites. However, data about associations between dietary intake of plant-derived flavonoids and prostate cancer risk are still sparse and inconsistent. This minireview compiles the epidemiological findings published to date on the role of flavonoids in prostate tumorigenesis, discusses the reasons of inconsistencies and elicits the promising results for chemoprevention of this malignancy. Long-term consumption of high doses of soy isoflavones can be the reason of markedly lower clinically detectable prostate cancer incidence among Asian men compared to their counterparts in the Western world. The ability to metabolize daidzein to equol, the most biologically active isoflavone, by the certain intestinal bacteria also seems to contribute to this important health benefit. The increasing incidence rate of prostate cancer related to adoption of westernized lifestyle and dietary habits makes the issue of chemoprevention ever more important and directs the eyes to specific food components in the Eastern diet. If further large-scale epidemiological studies will confirm the protective effects of isoflavones against prostate cancer, this could provide an important way for prostate cancer prevention, as diet is a potentially modifiable factor in our behavioral pattern.

scholarly journals Sex-specific plasma lipid profiles of ME/CFS patients and their association with pain, fatigue, and cognitive symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Nkiliza ◽  
Megan Parks ◽  
Adam Cseresznye ◽  
Sarah Oberlin ◽  
James E. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex illness which disproportionally affects females. This illness is associated with immune and metabolic perturbations that may be influenced by lipid metabolism. We therefore hypothesized that plasma lipids from ME/CFS patients will provide a unique biomarker signature of disturbances in immune, inflammation and metabolic processes associated with ME/CFS. Methods Lipidomic analyses were performed on plasma from a cohort of 50 ME/CFS patients and 50 controls (50% males and similar age and ethnicity per group). Analyses were conducted with nano-flow liquid chromatography (nLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems coupled with a high mass accuracy ORBITRAP mass spectrometer, allowing detection of plasma lipid concentration ranges over three orders of magnitude. We examined plasma phospholipids (PL), neutral lipids (NL) and bioactive lipids in ME/CFS patients and controls and examined the influence of sex on the relationship between lipids and ME/CFS diagnosis. Results Among females, levels of total phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), omega-6 arachidonic acid-containing PE, and total hexosylceramides (HexCer) were significantly decreased in ME/CFS compared to controls. In males, levels of total HexCer, monounsaturated PE, phosphatidylinositol (PI), and saturated triglycerides (TG) were increased in ME/CFS patients compared to controls. Additionally, omega-6 linoleic acid-derived oxylipins were significantly increased in male ME/CFS patients versus male controls. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified three major components containing mostly PC and a few PE, PI and SM species—all of which were negatively associated with headache and fatigue severity, irrespective of sex. Correlations of oxylipins, ethanolamides and ME/CFS symptom severity showed that lower concentrations of these lipids corresponded with an increase in the severity of headaches, fatigue and cognitive difficulties and that this association was influenced by sex. Conclusion The observed sex-specific pattern of dysregulated PL, NL, HexCer and oxylipins in ME/CFS patients suggests a possible role of these lipids in promoting immune dysfunction and inflammation which may be among the underlying factors driving the clinical presentation of fatigue, chronic pain, and cognitive difficulties in ill patients. Further evaluation of lipid metabolism pathways is warranted to better understand ME/CFS pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota as a factor in epigenetic programming of the phenotypes of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
К. О. Shyshkan-Shyshova ◽  
O. V. Zinych
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype

Recent advances in molecular and genetic research have illuminated the mechanisms of interaction between genes and the environment, which are partially mediated by so-called epigenetic modifications. These changes do not affect the primary structure of genes’ DNA, but cause persistent changes in their expression, which can be inherited by subsequent generations and determine the formation of the corresponding metabolic phenotype. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus develop on the basis of insulin resistance in the presence of a genetic predisposition under the influence of external factors, including environmental influences and lifestyle characteristics, in particular dietary habits. Today it has been proven that changes in the profile of intestinal microbiota is an important modifiable factor in the development of dysmetabolic states. Gut microbiota plays a key role in the regulation of many metabolic processes, inflammation, the activity of the immune system and the general state of the body. Diets enriched with fats and carbohydrates have been found to result in the decreased diversity and changes in gut microbiota composition, such as decreased levels of Bacteroidetes and increased Firmicutes. The accumulated data of clinical and experimental studies indicate a link between disorders in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome (dysbiosis) and obesity, impaired glycemic control, and, consequently, the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. These induced epigenetic modifications are regulated by metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate), cysteine, mercaptans, which can influence epigenetic processes through their effects on DNA methylation, acetylation and histone modification. Moreover, the direct effects of the microbial environment on the secretion of incretins by intestinal enteroendocrine cells play an important role. The review discusses some of the mechanisms of epigenetic modifications through which the microbiota influences the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Lipoprotein metabolism

2011 ◽  
pp. 1659-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Angelin ◽  
Paolo Parini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Plasma Lipoprotein ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The realization that raised concentrations of plasma lipids, particularly cholesterol, are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease has stimulated the study of factors regulating plasma lipid metabolism. With the use of increasingly refined methodology, our understanding of normal plasma lipoprotein metabolism and its derangements due to the influence of genetic and environmental factors is continuously expanding. This chapter summarizes some current concepts regarding plasma lipoprotein transport in normal humans, forming a basis for the discussion of the development of various dyslipidaemias in the following chapters. Lipids represent a heterogeneous group of substances with several biological functions. Phospholipids and cholesterol are essential components of cell membranes, and cholesterol is also the precursor of steroid hormones and bile acids. Some fatty acids form the origin of bioactive compounds such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes; phospholipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol may also serve as signalling molecules in their own right. Furthermore, lipid complexes are necessary for the transport of lipid-soluble vitamins, and may have a protective role in the defence against toxins and infectious agents. From an overall physiological perspective, however, the major function of plasma lipid metabolism is the exchange of fat as energy substrates.

scholarly journals Tribbles-1: a novel regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism in humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Bauer ◽  
Batuhan O. Yenilmez ◽  
Daniel J. Rader
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Lipid

The protein tribbles-1, encoded by the gene TRIB1, is increasingly recognized as a major regulator of multiple cellular and physiological processes in humans. Recent human genetic studies, as well as molecular biological approaches, have implicated this intriguing protein in the aetiology of multiple human diseases, including myeloid leukaemia, Crohn's disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidaemia and coronary artery disease (CAD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have repeatedly identified variants at the genomic TRIB1 locus as being significantly associated with multiple plasma lipid traits and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. The involvement of TRIB1 in hepatic lipid metabolism has been validated through viral-mediated hepatic overexpression of the gene in mice; increasing levels of TRIB1 decreased plasma lipids in a dose-dependent manner. Additional studies have implicated TRIB1 in the regulation of hepatic lipogenesis and NAFLD. The exact mechanisms of TRIB1 regulation of both plasma lipids and hepatic lipogenesis remain undetermined, although multiple signalling pathways and transcription factors have been implicated in tribbles-1 function. Recent reports have been aimed at developing TRIB1-based lipid therapeutics. In summary, tribbles-1 is an important modulator of human energy metabolism and metabolic syndromes and worthy of future studies aimed at investigating its potential as a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Evaluation of γ-oryzanol Accumulation and Lipid Metabolism in the Body of Mice Following Long-Term Administration of γ-oryzanol

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Kobayashi ◽  
Junya Ito ◽  
Naoki Shimizu ◽  
Takumi Kokumai ◽  
Shunji Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Term Administration

γ-Oryzanol (OZ), abundant in rice bran oil, has gained attention due to its physiological activities (e.g., lipid-lowering effects). However, the absorption and metabolism of orally ingested OZ have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, diets containing normal or high contents of OZ were fed to obesity model mice for 8 weeks, and OZ concentrations in plasma and organs were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. To evaluate the relationship between OZ accumulation and lipid metabolism in vivo, lipid concentrations in the mice plasma and liver were also measured. As a result, the accumulation of intact OZ in plasma and organs was seen in mice fed diets containing OZ, where mice fed diets containing higher OZ contents demonstrated higher levels of OZ accumulation and lower amounts of plasma lipids. These results, in combination with our additional data from a single oral administration test, suggest the possibility that intact OZ, along with its metabolites (e.g., ferulic acid), is biologically-active.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Lipid Metabolism in Zebu and British Cattle in a Tropical Environment. I. Plasma Lipid Levels of Grazing Cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC O'kelly
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Free State ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Grazing Cattle

Plasma lipids have been studied in 77 British (Hereford and Shorthorn), 23 rahman, 63 Brahman X British, 35 Africander, and 182 Africander X British grazing cattle. Cholesterol, phospholipid, and total lipid levels were significantly (P < 0�001) higher in Zebu breeds than in British breeds. The proportion of cholesterol present in the free state was relatively constant and given by the regression equation:

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