scholarly journals TEORI AKUNTANSI MASA KINI

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selmita Paranoan
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Accounting Theory ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Transaction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Public Economy

<p><em>This paper presents the development of the scope of accounting theory because of the growing need for information which is presented in the financial statements. The specific objective of financial statements is to present the consolidated financial position, results of operations, and changes in financial position in accordance GAAP (General Accepted Accounting Principles). The definition of this accounting purposes have weaknesses or limitations.Critics of the limitations of conventional accounting that must be done parallelization with practices in the present economic institutions that continue to grow with various forms of economic transaction of business done. This paper discusses the five major developments in accounting theory scope of the present and future who attempt to address the above challenges, namely: Accounting for the public economy (accounting socioeconomic); Accounting for human resources (human resources accounting); Accounting for the cost of capital (accounting for the cost of capital); Report of financial forecasts (reporting of Financial forecasts); The trend towards multi-national accounting. This proves, that the accounting as a science must continue to conduct research and intensive studies to give birth to the theory of accounting in accordance with the needs of economic civilization of the present and future need.</em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <p><strong><em></em></strong><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Financial Performance of Indian Pharmaceutical Companies: Analysis of Leverage and Cost of Capital

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mahdi Abdulkareem
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operating Leverage ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: The main aim of the study is to examine the performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in India based on the Degree Of Operating Leverage, Degree Of Financial Leverage, Degree Of Combined Leverage, and Cost Of Capital. Approach/Methodology/Design: Five pharmaceutical companies were randomly selected, and the annual reports and financial statements of these companies were analyzed. The analysis methods involved Degree Of Operating Leverage, Degree Of Financial Leverage, Degree Of Combined Leverage, and Cost Of Capital. ANOVA test was also employed to test hypotheses. The study is made for five years from 2013-14 to 2017-18. Findings: The results of the study reveal that there is a significant difference in the (means) variables in terms of leverage (operating, finance, and combined) and cost of capital. All leverages are different to each other and the cost of capital. The analysis reveals that Sun Pharma performed well during the study period, whereas Lupin underperformed in all aspects. Practical Implications: The leverage and cost of capital are very important components for deciding whether to invest or not in pharmaceutical companies. The present study highlights the financial performances and growth of the selected pharmaceutical companies. Originality/value: The results of the paper give certain indicators about the performance of the selected companies. These indicators can be used to inform an investment decision.

scholarly journals CAPITAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS TO OPTIMIZE THE PROFITABILITY OF MSMES (CASE STUDY ON MSMES HIKMAH IN SIDOARJO, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Danur Ramadhani ◽  
Agus Sukoco ◽  
Joko Suyono
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Optimal Capital Structure ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Capital Structure

This study aims to analyze the capital structure used to optimize profitability in MSME embroidery shoes. This study uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The analytical method is used Weighted Average Cost Of Capital (WACC). The techniques of data collection in this research used interview, observation, documentation and triangulation methods. The data that used are financial transaction records and financial statements issued by the company itself. The results showed that UD. Hikmah used the composition of the capital structure consisting of debt of 20%, 80% own capital with a ROE rate of 170%. Optimization results obtained the optimal capital structure composition on the composition of debt 23% and own capital 77%. By generating a level of profitability that can provide a favorable return for business owners, with the highest calculation of ROE that is equal to 173% and the cost of capital to be borne is Rp.18.238.000 every year.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERLAKUAN AKUNTANSI TANAMAN PRODUKTIF BERDASARKAN PSAK 16 PADA CV. BUDI BAKTI AGRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdani Arifulsyah ◽  
Fany Meilani ◽  
Suci Nurulita
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
The Cost ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
A Company ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to determine how the application of PSAK 16 on bearer plants in CV. Budi Bakti Agro was founded in 2000, which is a company engaged in the oil palm plantation sector. CV Budi Bakti Agro has 3 locations of oil palm plantations, namely in Padang Mahondang Village, Sukaramai Village, Batu Anam Village in North Sumatra. CV Budi Bakti Agro in presenting the value of its oil palms in the statement of financial position is at the cost price and not based on the fair value of the asset. The company presents the statement of financial position as plant fixed assets and there is no separation between mature and immature plantations. This causes the financial statements presented are not relevant in accordance with the qualitative characteristics of the financial statements. After adjusting to the application of PSAK 16, it was determined that the value of the plants produced was Rp. 679,201,740 whose value is the fair value as of December 31, 2016 and the immature plantations amounting to Rp.15,761,010,500 whose value is the fair value as of December 31, 2016

scholarly journals Eksistensi Akuntansi Sumber Daya Manusia Sebagai Aset

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Satria Darma
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Human Value ◽  
Accounting Principle ◽  
Definition Of

This research aims to analyze the recognition of the existence of human resource as assets in the financial statements and the various obstacles encountered in the application of human resources accounting. This research uses a descriptive analysis in analyzing secondary data related to these issues. Therefore, the need for encouragement through empirical research to create uniformity in the measurement of human value and also efforts to revisit the definition of assets, so that the human resource could be recognized as asset and then is also recognized as General Accepted Accounting Principle.

scholarly journals CRITERIA AND APPROACHES FOR DIFFERENTIATION OF ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES FROM THE ESTIMATES OF INDEPENDENT ESTIMATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Valentina Staneva
Keyword(s):  
Financial Statements ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Professional Organization ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Accounting Estimates ◽  
The Law ◽  
Accounting Theory ◽  
Definition Of

Changes and updates to accounting concepts, interpretations, definitions and recognition criteria of assets and liabilities, require periodic updating of accounting estimates for their proper presentation in the financial statements of the non-financial sector. It is common in business enterprises to use the services of independent evaluators whose activity is regulated by the Law on independent valuers. Their activity is crucial for accurate representation of the economic information within the accounting in enterprises. They have the same meaning and preparing accounting estimates issued in connection with the judgments of management regarding the expected economic benefits in the use of assets. In accounting and legal practice is often equated between thеse two assessments. These are two assessments issued in connection with the accounting of business in enterprises.With their juxtaposition and analysing, it is possible to answer the question whether they have common characteristics, based on which it can justify equating them.The relationship between the accounting estimate and the valuation of an independent valuer provokes discussions in accounting theory and practice. The fact is that after many changes in accounting standards currently has no unambiguous definition of an accounting estimate, but there is a definition for a change in accounting estimates.In the present study suggests the terminology, distinguishing criteria and practical approaches to uniquely define and logical linking of interactions and processes associated with the use of accounting estimates and their differentiation from estimates prepared by an independent valuator under the Law on independent valuers for the purposes of accounting in the enterprise.Based on the deduced theory and legislative definitions and features, a comparison is made between the two assessments, seeking specific performance indicators for their differentiation. The purpose of this differentiation is to reduce uncertainty and contradictions in their practical application in accounting theory and practice.The analysis shows that the implementation of the Bulgarian Evaluation Standards aims at approximation and harmonization with the European requirements and tendencies for imposing the profession of independent appraiser and the implemented policies by TEGoVA, as the leading organization of appraisers, in which the professional organization of the Chamber of Independent Appraisers in Bulgaria is a member.

The Reporting Entity in Private-Public Accounting Harmonisation. Is Control Enough for the Local Government Consolidated Financial Statements?

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Carini ◽  
Laura Rocca ◽  
Claudio Teodori ◽  
Monica Veneziani
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Consolidated Financial Statements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Accountability ◽  
Public Sector Accounting ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reporting Entity

The European Commission initiated a discussion on the expediency of using the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), based on the IAS/IFRS, as a common base for harmonizing the public sector accounting systems of the member states. However, literature suggests that accounting is not neutral with respect to the economic, social and political dimensions. In the perspective of evolution of the accounting regulation outlined, balanced between accountability, with the need to represent phenomena for reporting pur-poses, and decisionmaking issues, which concentrates on the quantitative importance of the values, the paper aims to analyse the effects of the application of different criteria for the definition of the reporting entity of the local government consolidated financial statements (CFS). The Italian PCA 4/4, the test of control and the financial accountability approaches are examined. The evidence that emerged from the case studies examined identifies several criticalities in the Italian PCA 4/4 and support the thesis that the financial accountability approach is more effective in providing a complete representation of the public resources entrusted to and managed by the group, whereas the control approach better approximates quantification of the group results in terms of central government surveillance. The analysis highlights the importance of the post implementation review period and the opportunity to contextualize the adoption of the consolidated financial statement in the broader spectrum of the accounting harmonization process, participating in the process of definition of the European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS).

ANALISA PERBANDINGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAN RASIO KEUANGAN SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA KOPERASI KARYAWAN SUCOFINDO (KOPERASI SUCOFINDO JAYA) TAHUN 2009 – 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Sri Marti Pramudena
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine the financial position and financial performance Cooperative Sucofindo Jaya (KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA) from fiscal year 2009-2011 through a comparative analysis / comparisons and ratio analysis. From the research, the authors obtained a picture that results of the financial position and financial performance of KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA as follows: (1) To Horizontal Analysis of the Balance Sheet shows the overall unfavorable developments as the rise of short-term debt experienced a greater percentage increase than the increase in current assets (2) For Horizontal Analysis of the SHU, SHU in 2010 an increase of 125.38% compared to 2009 and in 2011 increased by 282.47% compared to 2009, but this increase was not followed by a reduction in the burden of cost of goods, especially business and this increase was obtained from the contribution percentage increase in other income. (3) For Vertical Analysis of the Balance Sheet shows that in terms of assets, current assets are assets that make up the largest component but also cause considerable investment value embedded in current assets and also showed asset turnover, receivables turnover and working capital is very low under 1 times. (4) For the SHU Vertical analysis shows that income JAYA KOPSUCOFINDO more than 85% absorbed in the Cost of Goods. (5) For liquidity analysis showed that highly liquid KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA obtain an average value above 400%. (6) For solvency analysis shows that the performance is not good / not solvable because the results of the analysis LITA average of above 95%, Total Debt to Equity Ratio in the top 2.000%, and Net Worth Debt Ratio to average below 4%. (7) For activity ratios indicate that the performance is not good for Turnover of Assets value of 1 times. (8) For the rentability analysis KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA show results for ROA of 0.86% (2009), 1.31% (2010), 1.18% (2011), ROE in 2009 is 14.81%, 26.43% in 2010 and 2011 amounted to 31.11%, for the ROI of 0.56% in 2009, in 2010 was 0.96% and by 0.93% in 2011. (9) For the analysis of profitability, for the analysis of GPM in 2009 amounted to 1.49%, in 2010 of 2.31% and 3.92% in 2011. As for the analysis of NPM in 2009 amounted to 0.97%, in 2010 by 1.70% and by 3.10% in 2011. Keywords:  Cooperative Financial Performance, horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, Analysis of Liquidity, Solvency Analysis, Activity Analysis, Profitability Analysis, profitability analysis

An Introduction to the Cost of Capital

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Velez-Pareja ◽  
Joseph Tham
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
The Cost
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