scholarly journals Tx ™: An Approach and Philosophy to Advance Translation to Transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supp2) ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
Tabia Henry Akintobi ◽  
Jammie Hopkins ◽  
Kisha B. Holden ◽  
David Hefner ◽  
Herman A. Taylor, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Health Research System ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Scientific Philosophy ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Health And Disease

The translational science spectrum consists of phases or types of research, from dis­coveries that advance our understanding of the biological basis of health and disease to interventions that engage individuals and social systems toward improved popula­tion health. The health research system has widely acknowledged flaws that delay (or even deny) the fruits of research findings for the population and for chronically disad­vantaged groups. Coined and patented at Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM), Tx TM symbolizes an approach and scientific philosophy that intentionally promotes and supports the convergence of interdisciplin­ary approaches and scientists to stimulate exponential advances for the health of diverse communities. While the Tx TM patent is new, this approach to research transla­tion is embedded within the MSM tapestry with historically aligned research from the Translational Collaborative Center exem­plars as well as newly funded scholars. Tx TM scholarship is characterized by the five te­nets and practices that ultimately culminate in the conduct of research with results that broaden the evidence-base through data-driven proof of impact on health equity in underserved or special populations. Tx TM is a destination that is ever-evolving and responsive to the research, priority popula­tions and partners through translational research and corresponding approaches that transform health, thereby advancing health equity.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 2): 349- 354. doi:10.18865/ed.29.S2.349

scholarly journals Ten Research Priorities Related to Youth Sport, Physical Activity, and Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 920-929
Author(s):  
Erin K. Howie ◽  
Justin M. Guagliano ◽  
Karen Milton ◽  
Stewart A. Vella ◽  
Sjaan R. Gomersall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Priority

Background: Sport has been identified as one of the 7 best investments for increasing physical activity levels across the life span. Several questions remain on how to effectively utilize youth sport as a strategy for increasing physical activity and improving health in youth. The purpose of this paper is to identify the main research priorities in the areas of youth sport and physical activity for health. Methods: An international expert panel was convened, selected to cover a wide spectrum of topics related to youth sport. The group developed a draft set of potential research priorities, and relevant research was scoped. Through an iterative process, the group reached consensus on the top 10 research priorities. Results: The 10 research priorities were identified related to sport participation rates, physical activity from sport, the contribution of sport to health, and the overall return on investment from youth sport. For each research priority, the current evidence is summarized, key research gaps are noted, and immediate research needs are suggested. Conclusion: The identified research priorities are intended to guide researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to increase the evidence base on which to base the design, delivery, and policies of youth sport programs to deliver health benefits.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL REGULATION ENFORCEMENT RELATED TO THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19 IN STREET SELLERS IN JAKARTA BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Bayquni Bayquni
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Control

Enforcement of local regulations regarding the handling of Covid 19 against street vendors in the West Jakarta Administrative City is still ineffective based on the lack of discipline on street vendors to comply with Health Protocols and the efforts of Satpol PP in enforcing PERDA to overcome Covid 19. While the theory used is effectiveness according to Tyson & Jackson, which consists of 1) Briefing, (2) Delegation, (3) Control, (4) Accountability, (5) Efficiency, (6) Coordination, (7) Adaptation, (8) Social Systems and Individual Expectations. The research method in this research uses qualitative methods. A qualitative approach is used because it involves the formulation of symptoms, information, or information regarding the enforcement of local regulations on Covid-19 prevention by Satpol PP against street vendors in West Jakarta Administrative City. The use of qualitative methods is supported by a project map on the Nvivo 12 application. The research findings show that the implementation of the enforcement of the Covid-19 countermeasures PERDA on street vendors in West Jakarta City Administration by Sat Pol PP, namely: (1) Satpol PP in enforcing the Covid 19 countermeasures PERDA in street vendors is still not fully effective in the implementation of delegation and control , accountability, efficiency, coordination and adaptation; and (2) The concept of improvement that can be carried out is the enforcement of the regulation on Covid 19 prevention by implementing humanist normative pattern of street vendor control, namely performance management of street vendors with environmental control, social services and economic empowerment of street vendors as business actors in the economic system. community organized according to the conditions of the Covid pandemic 19.

Health and Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Roberts ◽  
Jelena Bekvalac ◽  
Rebecca C. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Health And Well Being

This chapter outlines the contributions bioarchaeology has made to understanding health and well-being in the late medieval period in Britain. Some of the history of the study of medieval bodies is followed by a commentary on the evidence base used to consider health and disease, integrated with contextual data, and the limitations of the data. This is followed by a focus on the largest excavated and well-studied cemetery site globally, to date (St Mary Spital, London). It also discusses the bioarchaeological field, including training and standards, advances in analytical techniques (biomolecular), the need for context in studies, and future developments.

scholarly journals Ethical Applications of Big Data-Driven AI on Social Systems: Literature Analysis and Example Deployment Use Case

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Paulo Garcia ◽  
Francine Darroch ◽  
Leah West ◽  
Lauren BrooksCleator
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Computing ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Ongoing Research

The use of technological solutions to address the production of goods and offering of services is ubiquitous. Health and social issues, however, have only slowly been permeated by technological solutions. Whilst several advances have been made in health in recent years, the adoption of technology to combat social problems has lagged behind. In this paper, we explore Big Data-driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) applied to social systems; i.e., social computing, the concept of artificial intelligence as an enabler of novel social solutions. Through a critical analysis of the literature, we elaborate on the social and human interaction aspects of technology that must be in place to achieve such enabling and address the limitations of the current state of the art in this regard. We review cultural, political, and other societal impacts of social computing, impact on vulnerable groups, and ethically-aligned design of social computing systems. We show that this is not merely an engineering problem, but rather the intersection of engineering with health sciences, social sciences, psychology, policy, and law. We then illustrate the concept of ethically-designed social computing with a use case of our ongoing research, where social computing is used to support safety and security in home-sharing settings, in an attempt to simultaneously combat youth homelessness and address loneliness in seniors, identifying the risks and potential rewards of such a social computing application.

Directiveness and Authoritarianism: Some Research Findings and a Critical Reappraisal

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Duckitt
Keyword(s):  
Valid Measure ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Authoritarian Personality ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Scale Measure

Resulting from a cogent critique of the F scale as a measure of personality, Ray (1976) has proposed his ‘directiveness’ scale as a behaviourally valid measure of authoritarian personality. Research using this scale has suggested that authoritarian personality and the endorsement of authoritarian attitudes or ideology may be quite unrelated. This was supported by the present study which found no relationship between directiveness and either intolerant and negative attitudes towards homosexuals or an F scale measure of authoritarian attitudes. The conceptualizations of authoritarianism of Ray and Adorno et al. (1950) were then briefly reviewed and it was suggested that they appear to be quite distinct. It was therefore concluded that research using Ray's directiveness scale does not invalidate the theory of the authoritarian personality and that the development of a behaviourally valid measure of authoritarian personality as conceptualized by Adorno et al. remains a major research priority.

scholarly journals Developing best practice guidelines for designing living environments for people with dementia and sight loss

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALISON BOWES ◽  
ALISON DAWSON ◽  
CORINNE GREASLEY-ADAMS ◽  
LOUISE MCCABE
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Process ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Sight Loss ◽  
Research Findings

ABSTRACTThe paper considers a process of developing evidence-based design guidelines to be used in environments where people with dementia and sight loss are living. The research involved a systematically conducted literature review and a series of consultations with people affected by dementia and/or sight loss who lived or worked in care homes or in domestic settings. Findings from the literature and the consultations were used in an iterative process to develop the guidelines. The process is outlined, providing examples from the guidelines about lighting and colour and contrast. In discussing the research findings and the development process, the authors consider implications of the work including the weakness of the evidence base, the challenges of improving this and the need for innovative approaches to understanding the complexities of design for people with dementia and sight loss. They highlight the emphasis in the literature on independence for people with sight loss and the focus on control of people with dementia, arguing that this falls short of a genuinely person-centred approach, which recognises the active participation of people with dementia and sight loss.

Scar Management in Hand Therapy – is our Practice Evidence Based?

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jones
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Hand Therapy ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Scar Management

Hand therapists use a range of interventions for the management of scars in order to maintain tissue mobility and joint motion for effective hand function. This is well supported within the literature, however it is also suggested that there is a poor evidence base for the treatments that are so widely accepted by clinicians. A review of the recent literature and research findings was conducted in an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the modalities being used. Research in support of some of the techniques utilised within scar management programmes is limited, with anecdotal evidence and clinical experience continuing to prevail in the choice of treatment. Clinicians need a more credible evidence base to support their interventions and further large-scale research is required.

scholarly journals Exploring the Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota in Anti-Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyu Li ◽  
Xiaorong Deng ◽  
Tingtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Normal Microbiota ◽  
Surgery Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The One

In the recent decade, gut microbiota has received growing interest due to its role in human health and disease. On the one hand, by utilizing the signaling pathways of the host and interacting with the immune system, the gut microbiota is able to maintain the homeostasis in human body. This important role is mainly modulated by the composition of microbiota, as a normal microbiota composition is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of human body, while an altered microbiota profile could contribute to several pathogenic conditions and may further lead to oncogenesis and tumor progression. Moreover, recent insights have especially focused on the important role of gut microbiota in current anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and surgery. Research findings have indicated a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and these therapeutic methods, in which the implementation of different therapeutic methods could lead to different alterations in gut microbiota, and the presence of gut microbiota could in turn contribute to different therapeutic responses. As a result, manipulating the gut microbiota to reduce the therapy-induced toxicity may provide an adjuvant therapy to achieve a better therapeutic outcome. Given the complex role of gut microbiota in cancer treatment, this review summarizes the interactions between gut microbiota and anticancer therapies, and demonstrates the current strategies for reshaping gut microbiota community, aiming to provide possibilities for finding an alternative approach to lower the damage and improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.

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