Recent Victimization and Recidivism: The Potential Moderating Effects of Family Support

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Listwise Deletion ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
The Relationship

Although various research confirms an overlap between victims and offenders, much less is known about victimization and recidivism. Using data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative evaluation, this study measures the extent to which the frequency of recent victimization influences recidivism in the 15 months following release from prison. Buffering effects are also investigated by examining whether family support moderates the relationship between victimization and recidivism. After controlling for other known predictors of recidivism, logistic regression models using both listwise deletion and multiple imputation reveal that more frequent victimization significantly increases the likelihood of any self-reported recidivism and has a particularly large effect on violent recidivism for those previously convicted of serious and violent offenses. Even at higher levels of family support, victimization still increases the likelihood of reoffending.

scholarly journals THE MODE CHOICES AND COMMUTING STRESS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM JAKARTA AND DENPASAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Ismatulloh Rosida ◽  
Dyah Wulan Sari ◽  
Amelia Dertta Irjayanti
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Toll Roads ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Jabodetabek and Sarbagita have the highest worker commuter population in Indonesia. However, Jabodetabek has various and larger coverage of public transport than Sarbagita. This study also analyzes the relationship between the usage of specific transport modes and commuting stress. Multiple logistic regression models have been estimated using data of both Jabodetabek Commuter Survey and Sarbagita Commuter Survey. Using logistic regressions, the results show that mode choices, gender, and travel time have a significant effect on commuting stress. The analysis also indicates that both in high impedance and low impedance metropolitans, car commuting is perceived to be more stressful than non-car commuting. In a condition of restricted mode choices, commuters who use cars have a greater probability of commuting stress. Furthermore, the findings of this study imply limitation of car usage and as an evaluation of the policy of opening toll roads as a solution to urban congestion.

scholarly journals Association of Obesity, Multiple Chronic Conditions, and Frailty: the National Health and Aging Trends Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 613-613
Author(s):  
John Batsis ◽  
Christian Haudenschild ◽  
Anna Kahkoska ◽  
Rebecca Crow ◽  
David Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract As life expectancy increases, so does the risk of developing multiple chronic conditions (MCC). This is concerning as there is a growing obesity epidemic in older adults which is also associated with developing chronic diseases. Both obesity and MCC also increase the risk of frailty, yet the intersection of the three is not well understood. We evaluated the relationship between obesity, multimorbidity, and frailty using data from adults ≥65 years from the National Health and Aging Trends Survey. Obesity was classified using standard body mass index categories (e.g., ≥30kg/m2) and waist circumference (WC; females≥88cm; males≥102cm). MCC was classified as having ≥2 chronic conditions. Adjusted logistic regression models evaluated the association of BMI or WC categories on MCC (yes/no). An analysis limited to persons with obesity evaluated the relationship between frailty phenotypes (e.g, robust, pre-frail, frail) and MCC. Of the 4,967 participants (59.7% female), 79% resided in a private residence. The 70-79 age category was most prevalent. In those with MCC, there were 1,511 (30.4%) classified as having obesity using BMI, and 3,358 (67.6%) using WC. In those without MCC, there were 287 (17.6%) and 744 (51.7%). Compared to normal BMI, the odds of MCC was 0.71 [0.46,1.09], 1.25 [1.08,1.45] and 2.59 [2.15,3.11] in underweight, overweight and obesity. In pre-frailty and frailty, the odds of MCC were 2.52 [1.77,3.59] and 8.35 [3.7,18.85] in BMI-defined obesity. Using WC, the odds were 2.38 [1.94,2.91], and 5.89 [3.83,9.06]. Obesity using both BMI and WC are both strongly associated with multimorbidity and frailty.

785 Reported Restful Sleep Predicting Emotional Distress: Does Exercise (and its modalities) moderate?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A305-A306
Author(s):  
Jesse Moore ◽  
Ellita Williams ◽  
Collin Popp ◽  
Anthony Briggs ◽  
Judite Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Literature shows that exercise moderates the relationship between sleep and emotional distress (ED.) However, it is unclear whether different types of exercise, such as aerobic and strengthening, affect this relationship differently. We investigated the moderating role of two types of exercise (aerobic and strengthening) regarding the relationship between ED and sleep. Methods Our analysis was based on data from 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative study in which 2,814 participants provided all data. Participants were asked 1) “how many days they woke up feeling rested over the past week”, 2) the Kessler 6 scale to determine ED (a score >13 indicates ED), and 3) the average frequency of strengthening or aerobic exercise per week. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if the reported days of waking up rested predicted level of ED. We then investigated whether strengthening or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if subjective reporting of restful sleep predicted level of ED. We investigated whether strengthening exercise or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Results On average, participants reported 4.41 restful nights of sleep (SD =2.41), 3.43 strengthening activities (SD = 3.19,) and 8.47 aerobic activities a week (SD=5.91.) We found a significant association between days over the past week reporting waking up feeling rested and ED outcome according to K6, Χ2(1) = -741, p= <.001. The odds ratio signified a decrease of 52% in ED scores for each unit of restful sleep (OR = .48, (95% CI = .33, .65) p=<.001.) In the logistic regression model with moderation, aerobic exercise had a significant moderation effect, Χ2(1) = .03, p=.04, but strengthening exercise did not. Conclusion We found that restful sleep predicted reduction in ED scores. Aerobic exercise moderated this relationship, while strengthening exercise did not. Further research should investigate the longitudinal effects of exercise type on the relationship between restful sleep and ED. Support (if any) NIH (K07AG052685, R01MD007716, K01HL135452, R01HL152453)

Chronic disruptive pain in emerging adults with and without chronic health conditions and the moderating role of psychiatric disorders: Evidence from a population-based cross-sectional survey in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana A. Qadeer ◽  
Lilly Shanahan ◽  
Mark A. Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Drug Disorders

AbstractBackground and aimsThere has been a growth in the proportion of emerging adults vulnerable to pain-related sequelae of chronic health conditions (CHCs). Given the paucity of research during this important developmental period, this study investigated the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain among emerging adults and the extent to which psychiatric disorders moderate this association.MethodsData come from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS-MH). This cross-sectional survey included 5987 participants that were 15-30 years of age and self-reported their CHCs (n = 2460,41%) and the extent to which pain impacted daily functioning using items from the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI 3). Group comparisons between respondents with CHCs and healthy controls were made using chi-square tests. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed from ordinal logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Product-term interactions between CHCs and psychiatric disorders were included in the models to explore moderating effects. All analyses were weighted to maintain representativeness of the study sample to the Canadian population.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 23.5 (SE 0.1) years and 48% were female. Compared to healthy controls, a greater proportion of participants with CHCs reported having chronic pain (20.3% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001). Among those with chronic pain, respondents with CHCs reported a greater number of activities prevented because of chronic disruptive pain (χ2 = 222.28, p< 0.001). Similarly, in logistic regression models, participants with CHCs had greater odds of reporting chronic disruptive pain (OR = 4.94, 95% CI = 4.08-5.99). Alcohol (β = –0.66; p = 0.025) and drug abuse/dependence disorders (β = –1.24; p = 0.012) were found to moderate the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. Specifically, the probability of chronic disruptive pain was higher for emerging adults without CHCs and with alcohol or drug disorders; however, among participants with CHCs, probability was higher for those without these disorders.ConclusionsThere is a robust association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. The moderating effects suggest that alcohol or drug disorders are especially harmful for emerging adults without CHCs and contribute to higher levels of chronic disruptive pain; however, among those with CHCs, alcohol and illicit drugs may be used as a numbing agent to blunt chronic disruptive pain.ImplicationsFindings from this study have implications for the integration and coordination of services to design strategies aimed at managing chronic disruptive pain and preventing pain-related disabilities later in life. Within the health system, healthcare providers should engage in dialogues about mental health and substance use regularly with emerging adults, be proactive in screening for psychiatric disorders, and continue to monitor the impact of pain on daily functioning. Given the age range of emerging adults, there is tremendous opportunity for clinicians to work cooperatively with colleagues in the education system to support emerging adults with and without CHCs. Overall, clinicians, researchers, educators, and those in social services should continue to be mindful of the complex interrelationships between physical and mental health and chronic disruptive pain and work cooperatively to optimize health outcomes and prevent pain-related disabilities among emerging adults.

Abstract 3775: Average Blood Glucose and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kosiborod ◽  
Silvio Inzucchi ◽  
Harlan M Krumholz ◽  
Lan Xiao ◽  
Phillip G Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Average Blood Glucose ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multivariable Adjustment ◽  
Better Than

Background: Elevated blood glucose (BG) on admission is associated with higher mortality risk in patients (pts) hospitalized with AMI. However, the prognostic value of average BG, which reflects overall glycemic exposure much better than admission BG, is unknown. Furthermore, the nature of the relationship between average BG and mortality has not been determined. Methods: We evaluated a cohort of 16,871 AMI pts hospitalized from January 2000-December 2005, using Cerner Corporation’s Health Facts® database from 40 hospitals, which contains demographics, clinical and comprehensive laboratory data. Logistic regression models evaluated the nature of the relationship between mean BG during the entire AMI hospitalization and in-hospital mortality, after adjusting for multiple patient factors and confounders. Similar analyses were performed in subgroups of pts with and without diabetes (DM). Results: A J-shaped relationship was observed between mean BG and in-hospital mortality, which persisted after multivariable adjustment (Figure ). Mortality increased with each 10 mg/dL incremental rise in mean BG over >120 mg/dL, and with incremental decline in mean BG <80 mg/dL. The slope of these relationships was much steeper in pts without DM. Conclusions: Average BG during the entire AMI hospitalization is a powerful independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. Both persistent hyper- and hypoglycemia are associated with adverse prognosis. Whether strategies directed at optimizing BG control will improve survival remains to be established. Association Between Mean BG and In-Hospital Mortality After Multivariable Adjustment (Reference: Mean BG 100 to <110)

Urban Homeownership and Mental Health: Mediating Effect of Perceived Sense of Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim R. Manturuk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Trust ◽  
Control Part

What are the mechanisms responsible for homeowners’ better mental health? Social disorganization theory suggests that the relationship between homeownership and mental health is mediated by perceived sense of control, trust in neighbors, and residential stability. This hypothesis is tested using data collected from respondents in 30 low–wealth urban areas. Using propensity score matching and regression models, I find that low–income homeowners report a greater sense of control and trust in their neighbors than comparable renters. Homeownership likewise has an impact on mental health, but the effect is entirely mediated by perceived sense of control. Part of that mediating effect is related to avoiding serious delinquency in mortgage payments. However, subjective trust and residential mobility did not mediate the relationship between homeownership and mental health. The study findings are discussed in light of the need for a cohesive theory of homeownership, particularly given changing economic realities.

scholarly journals Patient-Reported Disease-Modifying Therapy Adherence in the Clinic: A Reliable Metric?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205521731877789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon S Conway ◽  
Maria Cecilia Vieira ◽  
Nicolas R Thompson ◽  
Kaila N Parker ◽  
Xiangyi Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Patient Reporting ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
The Relationship

Background Adherence to multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapy (DMT) is commonly assessed through patient reporting, but patient-reported adherence is rarely studied. Objective To determine rates of DMT adherence reported from patient to clinician, reasons for nonadherence, and relationships between adherence and outcomes. Methods We identified relapsing–remitting MS patients on DMT for ≥3 months. DMT adherence was defined as taking ≥80% of doses. Linear and logistic regression models were created used to determine the association of baseline adherence with several patient reported outcomes and the timed 25-foot walk at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after the index visit. Results The analysis included 1148 patients, of whom 501 had data at 6 months, 544 at 1 year, 331 at 2 years, and 247 at 3 years. Baseline adherence was 94.9% and overall adherence was 93.1%. Forgetting was the most common reason for missed doses. In the adjusted models, adherence was not associated with the outcomes. Conclusions Higher than expected adherence and a lack of association between adherence and outcomes suggests patient reported adherence may not be reliable. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between patient-reported adherence and relapses or new lesion formation.

Strategic intelligence, organizational development and entrepreneurial behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
Underdeveloped Country ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Intelligence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between manager’s Strategic intelligence, organizational development and entrepreneurial behavior. Design/methodology/approach Data is gathered from the responses of 274 employees from a government agency in an underdeveloped country to three standard questionnaires. Findings The results show significant positive relationships between manager’s SI and OD and manager’s SI and EB but no significant moderating effects of demographic variables with the exception gender which had a significant effect on managers’ SI- EB relationship. Practical implications Therefore to optimize performance and gain a competitive advantage training to improve SI and EB should be provided and consideration should be given to improving internal factors within the organization to promote OD. Originality/value This paper has an original approach by using data collected in a government agency in an underdeveloped country to propose a model of manager’s SI, OD and EB.

Risk Assessment and Post-Release Recidivism in a Sample of Juvenile Homicide Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110492
Author(s):  
James T. Hubbell ◽  
Kathleen M. Heide ◽  
Norair Khachatryan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Scores ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Attempted Murder ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Juvenile Homicide ◽  
Supreme Court Rulings ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
The Relationship

Given recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings regarding the constitutionality of juveniles who received mandated life sentences, questions have arisen in the field of criminology regarding how these offenders will adjust if someday released. Risk scores were calculated for 59 male juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) based upon the eight domains in the Youth Level of Supervision/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and used to examine recidivism among the 48 JHOs who were released. Sample subjects were charged as adults for murder and attempted murder in the 1980s, convicted, and sentenced to adult prison. Chi-square analyses were used to assess the relationship between risk score category and two measures of recidivism, which were general arrests and violent offenses. Results indicated risk scores failed to predict both general and violent recidivism. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The association between body dysmorphic symptoms and suicidality among adolescents and young adults: a genetically informative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Georgina Krebs ◽  
Lorena Fernández de la Cruz ◽  
Frühling V. Rijsdijk ◽  
Daniel Rautio ◽  
Jesper Enander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract Background Previous research indicates that body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with risk of suicidality. However, studies have relied on small and/or specialist samples and largely focussed on adults, despite these difficulties commonly emerging in youth. Furthermore, the aetiology of the relationship remains unknown. Methods Two independent twin samples were identified through the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, at ages 18 (N = 6027) and 24 (N = 3454). Participants completed a self-report measure of BDD symptom severity. Young people and parents completed items assessing suicidal ideation/behaviours. Logistic regression models tested the association of suicidality outcomes with: (a) probable BDD, classified using an empirically derived cut-off; and (b) continuous scores of BDD symptoms. Bivariate genetic models examined the aetiology of the association between BDD symptoms and suicidality at both ages. Results Suicidal ideation and behaviours were common among those with probable BDD at both ages. BDD symptoms, measured continuously, were linked with all aspects of suicidality, and associations generally remained significant after adjusting for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Genetic factors accounted for most of the covariance between BDD symptoms and suicidality (72.9 and 77.7% at ages 18 and 24, respectively), but with significant non-shared environmental influences (27.1 and 22.3% at ages 18 and 24, respectively). Conclusions BDD symptoms are associated with a substantial risk of suicidal ideation and behaviours in late adolescence and early adulthood. This relationship is largely explained by common genetic liability, but non-shared environmental effects are also significant and could provide opportunities for prevention among those at high-risk.

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