Interview With Francine Shapiro: Historical Overview, Present Issues, and Future Directions of EMDR

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Luber ◽  
Francine Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Distinct Features

This interview with Dr. Francine Shapiro, originator and developer of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), provides an overview of the history and evolution of EMDR from its inception to current findings and utilization, as well as future directions in research and clinical development. Dr. Shapiro discusses the psychological traditions that informed the development of EMDR and the Adaptive Information model, as well as the implications for current treatment. The rationale for the application of EMDR to a wide range of disorders is discussed, as well as its integration with other therapeutic approaches. Topics include research on the role of eye movements, the use of EMDR with combat veterans, somatoform disorders, attachment issues, and the distinct features of EMDR that have allowed it to be used for crisis intervention worldwide.

scholarly journals Development of cancer metabolism as a therapeutic target: new pathways, patient studies, stratification and combination therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patient Studies

AbstractCancer metabolism has undergone a resurgence in the last decade, 70 years after Warburg described aerobic glycolysis as a feature of cancer cells. A wide range of techniques have elucidated the complexity and heterogeneity in preclinical models and clinical studies. What emerges are the large differences between tissues, tumour types and intratumour heterogeneity. However, synergies with inhibition of metabolic pathways have been found for many drugs and therapeutic approaches, and a critical role of window studies and translational trial design is key to success.

scholarly journals The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6441-6489 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duggen ◽  
N. Olgun ◽  
P. Croot ◽  
L. Hoffmann ◽  
H. Dietze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Iron Cycle ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Iron is a key micronutrient for phytoplankton growth in the surface ocean. Yet the significance of volcanism for the marine biogeochemical iron-cycle is poorly constrained. Recent studies, however, suggest that offshore deposition of airborne ash from volcanic eruptions is a way to inject significant amounts of bio-available iron into the surface ocean. Volcanic ash may be transported up to several tens of kilometres high into the atmosphere during large-scale eruptions and fine ash may encircle the globe for years, thereby reaching even the remotest and most iron-starved oceanic areas. Scientific ocean drilling demonstrates that volcanic ash layers and dispersed ash particles are frequently found in marine sediments and that therefore volcanic ash deposition and iron-injection into the oceans took place throughout much of the Earth's history. The data from geochemical and biological experiments, natural evidence and satellite techniques now available suggest that volcanic ash is a so far underestimated source for iron in the surface ocean, possibly of similar importance as aeolian dust. Here we summarise the development of and the knowledge in this fairly young research field. The paper covers a wide range of chemical and biological issues and we make recommendations for future directions in these areas. The review paper may thus be helpful to improve our understanding of the role of volcanic ash for the marine biogeochemical iron-cycle, marine primary productivity and the ocean-atmosphere exchange of CO2 and other gases relevant for climate throughout the Earth's history.

scholarly journals Nuclear Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lost in Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Moutinho ◽  
Juan F. Codocedo ◽  
Shweta S. Puntambekar ◽  
Gary E. Landreth
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Lost In Translation

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons that leads to a broad range of disabilities, including severe cognitive decline and motor impairment, for which there are no effective therapies. Several lines of evidence support a putative therapeutic role of nuclear receptors (NRs) in these types of disorders. NRs are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of a wide range of genes linked to metabolism and inflammation. Although the activation of NRs in animal models of neurodegenerative disease exhibits promising results, the translation of this strategy to clinical practice has been unsuccessful. In this review we discuss the role of NRs in neurodegenerative diseases in light of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as new findings derived from the analysis of transcriptomic databases from humans and animal models. We discuss the failure in the translation of NR-based therapeutic approaches and consider alternative and novel research avenues in the development of effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Personalized Dentistry: Approaching a New Way for Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Romeo Patini
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analysis Of Results

For years, it has been thought that the field of dentistry was referring exclusively to some diseases that strictly affect the oral cavity. Dental caries, periodontal disease, and pathologies associated with their worsening were considered almost the only interest in scientific research in dentistry. Recent studies have begun to shed light on the effect of the oral microbiota on general health and on the crucial role of dentistry in its maintenance. In this way, we came to understand that the bacterial populations that make up the oral microbiota can vary profoundly between individuals and that contribute in a fundamental way to outlining the so-called “oral signature”. This characteristic is called into question to evaluate the susceptibility, or lack thereof, of the subject to the contraction of a wide range of pathologies, apparently not connected with oral health. From this evidence, it will also be possible to study therapeutic approaches aimed at the eradication of species considered at risk or colonization with species considered protective; thus, giving life to so-called “personalized dentistry”. Therefore, this Special Issue is aimed at spreading the scientific knowledge over the current limits in terms of new molecular and culturomic approaches towards the diagnosis of oral microbiota and the treatment techniques of eventually associated systemic diseases. In vivo studies and systematic literature reviews with quantitative analysis of results, when possible, will be given a high priority.

DOMUS AND VILLA: LATE ANTIQUE HOUSING IN CARTHAGE AND ITS TERRITORY

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-392
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Roman Villa ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City

This paper looks at the evidence for housing in Carthage in the period from Diocletian to the Arab conquest (4th–7th centuries A.D.). A wide range of evidence is examined including excavation reports, representations of houses in art, and a variety of relevant literary texts. The paper offers a new synthesis of this evidence, with the aim of bringing discussion of Roman and late antique housing in Carthage up to date. It incorporates much new information from recent house excavations in and around the ancient city. Although the emphasis is mainly on 諩te housing, the smaller quantity of evidence for non-諩te housing in Carthage is also discussed. In addition, the paper looks at some of the evidence for late antique housing outside the city and considers the nature of rural settlement in the Carthaginian hinterland. The paper concludes with a discussion of the role of the traditional Roman ‘villa’ in the countryside around Carthage, raising questions about the future directions of housing studies in North Africa

scholarly journals The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the pathophysiology and treatment of pituitary adenomas

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. R331-R344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Monsalves ◽  
Kyle Juraschka ◽  
Toru Tateno ◽  
Sameer Agnihotri ◽  
Sylvia L Asa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Wide Range

Pituitary adenomas are common intracranial neoplasms. Patients with these tumors exhibit a wide range of clinically challenging problems, stemming either from results of sellar mass effect in pituitary macroadenoma or the diverse effects of aberrant hormone production by adenoma cells. While some patients are cured/controlled by surgical resection and/or medical therapy, a proportion of patients exhibit tumors that are refractory to current modalities. New therapeutic approaches are needed for these patients. Activation of the AKT/phophotidylinositide-3-kinase pathway, including mTOR activation, is common in human neoplasia, and a number of therapeutic approaches are being employed to neutralize activation of this pathway in human cancer. This review examines the role of this pathway in pituitary tumors with respect to tumor biology and its potential role as a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Review of Atypical and Anaplastic Meningiomas: Classification, Molecular Biology, and Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Anne Wilson ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Dinesh Ramanathan ◽  
Miguel Lopez-Gonzalez ◽  
Promod Pillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Atypical Meningiomas ◽  
Slow Growing

Although the majority of meningiomas are slow-growing and benign, atypical and anaplastic meningiomas behave aggressively with a penchant for recurrence. Standard of care includes surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation in anaplastic and partially resected atypical meningiomas; however, the role of adjuvant radiation for incompletely resected atypical meningiomas remains debated. Despite maximum treatment, atypical, and anaplastic meningiomas have a strong proclivity for recurrence. Accumulating mutations over time, recurrent tumors behave more aggressively and often become refractory or no longer amenable to further surgical resection or radiation. Chemotherapy and other medical therapies are available as salvage treatment once standard options are exhausted; however, efficacy of these agents remains limited. This review discusses the risk factors, classification, and molecular biology of meningiomas as well as the current management strategies, novel therapeutic approaches, and future directions for managing atypical and anaplastic meningiomas.

scholarly journals Role of Receptors in Relation to Plaques and Tangles in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12987
Author(s):  
Kavita Sharma ◽  
Samjhana Pradhan ◽  
Lawrence K. Duffy ◽  
Sabina Yeasmin ◽  
Nirajan Bhattarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agonist And Antagonist ◽  
Viral Mimicry

Despite the identification of Aβ plaques and NFTs as biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, therapeutic interventions remain elusive, with neither an absolute prophylactic nor a curative medication available to impede the progression of AD presently available. Current approaches focus on symptomatic treatments to maintain AD patients’ mental stability and behavioral symptoms by decreasing neuronal degeneration; however, the complexity of AD pathology requires a wide range of therapeutic approaches for both preventive and curative treatments. In this regard, this review summarizes the role of receptors as a potential target for treating AD and focuses on the path of major receptors which are responsible for AD progression. This review gives an overall idea centering on major receptors, their agonist and antagonist and future prospects of viral mimicry in AD pathology. This article aims to provide researchers and developers a comprehensive idea about the different receptors involved in AD pathogenesis that may lead to finding a new therapeutic strategy to treat AD.

Centrosome Aberrations as Drivers of Chromosomal Instability in Breast Cancer

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina M Piemonte ◽  
Lindsey J Anstine ◽  
Ruth A Keri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Tumor Evolution ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Aggressive Disease ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Chromosomal instability (CIN), or the dynamic change in chromosome number and composition, has been observed in cancer for decades. Recently, this phenomenon has been implicated as facilitating the acquisition of cancer hallmarks and enabling the formation of aggressive disease. Hence, CIN has the potential to serve as a therapeutic target for a wide range of cancers. CIN in cancer often occurs as a result of disrupting key regulators of mitotic fidelity and faithful chromosome segregation. As a consequence of their essential roles in mitosis, dysfunctional centrosomes can induce and maintain CIN. Centrosome defects are common in breast cancer, a heterogeneous disease characterized by high CIN. These defects include amplification, structural defects, and loss of primary cilium nucleation. Recent studies have begun to illuminate the ability of centrosome aberrations to instigate genomic flux in breast cancer cells and the tumor evolution associated with aggressive disease and poor patient outcomes. Here, we review the role of CIN in breast cancer, the processes by which centrosome defects contribute to CIN in this disease, and the emerging therapeutic approaches that are being developed to capitalize upon such aberrations.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disorders

Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jones ◽  
Jyoti Patel
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Western World ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cardiovascular Medicine ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Component ◽  
Made In

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world and represents an enormous global health burden. Significant advances have been made in the conservative, medical and surgical management across the range of cardiovascular diseases however the inflammatory components of these diseases have traditionally been neglected. Inflammation is certainly a key component of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition, but it is at least correlative and predictive of risk in many other aspects of cardiovascular medicine ranging from heart failure to outcomes following reperfusion strategies. Inflammation therefore represents significant potential for future risk stratification of patients as well as offering new therapeutic targets across cardiovascular medicine. This review explores the role of inflammation in several of the major aspects of cardiovascular medicine focusing on current and possible future examples of the targeting of inflammation in prognosis and therapy. It concludes that future directions of cardiovascular research and clinical practice should seek to identify cohorts of patients with a significant inflammatory component to their cardiovascular condition or reaction to cardiovascular intervention. These patients might benefit from therapeutic strategies mounted against the inflammatory components implicated in their condition.

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