Characterization of pathogenic bacteria in eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor

ABSTRACTThis research aimed to characterize bacteria caused disease in eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor. The research was conducted in two steps. The first step included the isolation and identification of bacteria from the disease infected glass eel (average body length: 5.0±0.5 cm, average weight: 0.5±0.1 g). The observation were colony and cell morphology, physiology, and biochemical characterization of bacteria, hemolysis test, and bacteria identification performed by KIT API 20 E, KIT API 20 Strep, and KIT API 20 Listeria. The second step was Koch’s postulate, tested on healthy elver with an average length of 15.00±0.65 cm and weight of 3.00±0.75 g. The results showed three dominant species of bacteria suspected as a causative agent in eel, namely: Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Listeria grayi. Koch’s postulates test proved that the Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae were virulent to Anguilla bicolor bicolor. Thus, A.hydrophila and S. agalactiae were disease-causing agent bacteria in eel. Keywords: Anguilla bicolor bicolor, bacteria, A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi bakteri penyebab penyakit pada ikan sidat Anguilla bicolor bicolor. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama meliputi isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri dari ikan sidat kondisi sakit pada stadia glass eel. Ukuran panjang ikan sidat rata-rata 5±0,5 cm dan bobot rata-rata 0,5±0,08 g, pengamatan bentuk morfologi koloni dan morfologi sel, karakterisasi fisiologi, dan biokimia bakteri, serta uji hemolisis, dan identifikasi jenis bakteri dengan KIT API 20 E, KIT API 20 Strep, dan KIT API 20 Listeria. Tahap kedua yaitu uji postulat Koch pada ikan sidat kondisi sehat stadia elver yang berukuran panjang rata-rata 15±0,65 cm dan bobot rata-rata 3±0,75 g. Hasil penelitian diperoleh tiga jenis bakteri dominan yaitu Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, dan Listeria grayi. Uji postulat Koch membuktikan bahwa bakteri A. hydrophila dan S. agalactiae bersifat virulen pada ikan sidat Anguilla bicolor bicolor. Dengan demikian maka bakteri A. hydrophila dan S. agalactiae sebagai bakteri penyebab penyakit pada ikan sidat. Kata kunci: Anguilla bicolor bicolor, bakteri, A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae

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Extract from phyllosphere bacteria with antibiofilm and quorum quenching activity to control several fish pathogenic bacteria

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05612-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Olivia Nathalia ◽

Diana Elizabeth Waturangi

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Quorum Quenching ◽

Indicator Bacteria ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Fish Pathogen ◽

Phyllosphere Bacteria

Abstract Objective The objective of this research were to screen quorum quenching activity compound from phyllosphere bacteria as well as antibiofilm activity against several fish pathogen bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Vibrio harveyi. Results We found eight phyllosphere bacteria isolates with potential quorum quenching activity to inhibit Chromobacterium violaceum as indicator bacteria. Crude extracts (20 mg/mL) showed various antibiofilm activity against fish pathogenic bacteria used in this study. Isolate JB 17B showed the highest activity to inhibit biofilm formation of A. hydrophila and V. harveyi, meanwhile isolate JB 3B showed the highest activity to inhibit biofilm of S. agalactiae. From destruction assay, isolate JB 8F showed the highest activity to disrupt biofilm of A. hydrophila isolate JB 20B showed the highest activity to disrupt biofilm of V. harveyi, isolate JB 17B also showed the highest activity to disrupt biofilm of S. agalactiae.

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Isolation and identification of bacteria and parasites in glass eel (Anguilla spp.)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132202012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 322 ◽

pp. 02012

Author(s):

Septyan Andriyanto ◽

Hessy Novita ◽

Tuti Sumiati ◽

Taukhid

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Identification ◽

Biochemical Method ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Glass Eel ◽

Pathogenic Agent ◽

Identification Of Bacteria ◽

Glass Eels

The disease is the main agent that causes mortality of fish, especially during seed stages. The research aimed to find out bacteria and parasitic speciesin glass eel, Anguilla spp. Bacterial identification was carried out by a biochemical method. The prevalence of bacterial species was calculated using the El-Gohary et al. (2020) formula, while the results of bacterial identification from glass eel were Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Planococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Listeria spp., Citrbacterfreundii, Neisseria spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Kurthia spp., Streptococcus spp., and Corynebacterium spp. It was found that the five highest prevalence rate was for Listeria spp. (39.64%), followed by Aeromonas spp. (26.13%), Staphylococcus spp. (16.22%), Corynebacterium spp. (5.41%), Lactobacillus spp. (2.70%), and the lowest prevalence rate was Streptococcus spp. (0.90%). The type of parasitic pathogen obtained was Trichodina spp. (2,70%), Dactylogyrus spp. (2,70%) and Gyrodactylus spp. (2,70%). Bacterial and parasites identified in glass eels need further verification on the epizootiology characteristic of each pathogenic agent.

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Prevalence of Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus spp. Among children and the effect of some Lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strain on it

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.13.2.218-227 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 218-227

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Bacterial Isolate ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Laboratory Culture ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Str System

In this study 100 samples were collected from infected children with acute and chronic tonsillitis who attended to Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital (ENT consultation clinic) from 5/12/2013 to 1/3/2014. The result of laboratory culture was positive in 67 samples. Depending on their cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of bacterial isolate of them were identified as (37.31%) belonged to Streptococcus pyogenes and the diagnosis is confirmed by the use of Remel Rapid STR System, (34.32%) belonged to S.parasanguinis, (11.94%) S.mitis, (11.94%) S.oralis and (4.47%) S.thoraltensis . Results confirmed that cup assay gave highest inhibition zone after 24 hrs compare with well diffusion methods for suspension of L.acidophilus gave highest inhibition zone after 48 hrs for incubation, while ahigh inhibition zone revealed for suspension of L.fermentum after 24 hrs incubation. the study included also the measurement of the inhibition activity for bacteriocins produced by L.acidophilus bacteria against pathogenic bacteria on nutrient agar by well diffusion method in which results revealed stability of the bacteriocins produced towards PH which kept its activity with PH 4-6 for 24 hrs, and the highest stability was with PH 4, however it lost a lot of its activity with acidic PH less than 2 and alkaline PH as 8. The treatment of bacteriocins with salts such as Nacl it revealed little effect in inhibition zone within 1 & 2% concetrations. The salt MgSo4 & Kcl showed reduction in the inhibitory activity in the low concentration, however the higher concentration of salt caused great reduction and 5% concentration led to loss of inhibitory activity for bacteriocins completely.

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Cloning and Characterization of a Novel N-acetylglucosaminidase (AtlD) from Enterococcus faecalis

Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1159/000486757 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 14-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos Eduardo Serrano-Maldonado ◽

Israel García-Cano ◽

Augusto González-Canto ◽

Eliel Ruiz-May ◽

Jose Miguel Elizalde-Contreras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Food Industry ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Heterologous Protein ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Ph Values ◽

Food Borne ◽

Sds Page ◽

Exclusion Chromatography

The atlD gene from an Enterococcus faecalis strain isolated from a Mexican artisanal cheese was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli in order to perform a biochemical characterization. A partial amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein was obtained by LC-MS/MS, and it corresponded to a novel peptidoglycan hydrolase designated AtlD. Its molecular mass was 62–75 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE, zymography, Western blot, and exclusion chromatography. Electrofocusing rendered an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.8. It exhibited N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, with an optimal pH and temperature between 6–7 and 50°C, respectively. It retained 85% activity with NaCl at 1,000 mM, but it was susceptible to divalent ions, particularly Zn2+. It showed antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcal strains of clinical origin. Due to the fact that it showed activity versus pathogenic bacteria, and because of its capabilities under ionic strength, temperature, and pH values present in food matrices, it could be applied as an additive in the food industry. This study will aid in the design of new antibacterial agents of natural origin to combat food-borne diseases, and it could be used as an industrial or hospital hygiene agent as well.

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Isolation of bacteriophages with lytic activity against a newly identified Pantoea agglomerans

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Series Biology ◽

10.17721/1728_2748.2019.77.50-55 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 50-55

Author(s):

N. Korniienko ◽

E. Dukhno ◽

A. Kharina ◽

I. Budzanivska

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Pantoea Agglomerans ◽

Waste Waters ◽

Electronic Microscopy ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Phage Isolate ◽

Biochemical Identification ◽

Identification Of Bacteria

In a consequence of agricultural human activity, a set of phytopathogenic bacteria gain new properties and ability to cause diseases in animal and human organisms. Moreover, bacterial loss of sensitivity to antibiotics becomes more increasing threat. The most effective alternative method of processing of plants are bacteriophages. The aim of this work is isolation and identification of a vegetable enterobacteria and search of its specific bacteriophages. Methods: biochemical identification of bacteria, analysis on sensitivity to antibiotics by means of disks, titration and accumulation of virus, electronic microscopy. Results: from onions samples with symptoms of a bacteriosis several bacteria were isolated. One of them was identified as Pantoea agglomerans. The sensitivity of this isolate to antibiotics was investigated, the resistance to cefalexin and norfloxacin is revealed. The bacteriophage specific to this bacteria is isolated from waste waters. The morphology of a bacteriophage is investigated by means of electronic microscopy, the virus belongs to the Myoviridae family. Phytopathogenic properties of bacteria and the antibacterial activity of phage isolate were investigated on potatoes in vitro. P. agglomerans led to development of a bacteriosis on potatoes cubes, and the isolated bacteriophage successfully inhibited its growth. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that common vegetables such as onions could be a source of human pathogenic bacteria. In this work, we isolated P.agglomerans, member of family Enterobacteriaceae. Taking into account that this bacteria was unsensitive to some antibiotics, it can be regarded as an alarming sign. The use of bacteriophages could solve problems of antimicriobial resistance and protecting of crops from bacterial infections. Isolated bacteriophage from waste waters inhibited growth of P.agglomerans in vitro showing that it could be considered as a part of phage drugs.

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Characterization of bacteria associated with omphalitis in chicks

Bangladesh Veterinarian ◽

10.3329/bvet.v29i2.14344 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 63-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S Nasrin ◽

MA Islam ◽

M Khatun ◽

L Akhter ◽

S Sultana

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

E Coli ◽

Identification Of Bacteria

This study was conducted to isolate and characterize the bacteria present in cases of omphalitis in chicks. Yolk swabs (n = 60) were aseptically collected from affected chicks and cultured for isolation and identification of bacteria. E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococci were identified. Bacteria were tested for sensitivity to ten common antibiotics. E coli isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and resistant to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, sulphamethoxazole and erythromycin. Salmonella were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and resistant to tetracycline. Staphylococci were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulphamethoxazole, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin and resistant to nalidixic acid and tetracycline. The existence of multi-drug resistance emphasises the need to prevent omphalitis in chicks by hygiene. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i2.14344 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 2, 63-68

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Rhizobium etli HrpW is a pectin-degrading enzyme and differs from phytopathogenic homologues in enzymically crucial tryptophan and glycine residues

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.027599-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 155 (9) ◽

pp. 3045-3054 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Maarten Fauvart ◽

Natalie Verstraeten ◽

Bruno Dombrecht ◽

Ruth Venmans ◽

Serge Beullens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Pectate Lyase ◽

Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽

Rhizobium Etli ◽

Lyase Activity

While establishing a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with leguminous plants, rhizobia are faced with the problem of penetrating the plant cell wall at several stages of the infection process. One of the major components of this barrier is pectin, a heteropolysaccharide composed mainly of galacturonic acid subunits. So far, no enzymes capable of degrading pectin have been isolated from rhizobia. Here, we make an inventory of rhizobial candidate pectinolytic enzymes based on available genome sequence data and present an initial biochemical and functional characterization of a protein selected from this list. Rhizobium etli hrpW is associated with genes encoding a type III secretion system, a macromolecular structure that allows bacteria to directly inject so-called effector proteins into a eukaryotic host's cell cytosol and an essential virulence determinant of many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. In contrast to harpin HrpW from phytopathogens, R. etli HrpW possesses pectate lyase activity and is most active on highly methylated substrates. Through comparative sequence analysis, three amino acid residues crucial for the observed enzymic activity were identified: Trp192, Gly212 and Gly213. Their importance was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical characterization of the resulting proteins, with the tryptophan mutant showing no detectable pectate lyase activity and the double-glycine mutant's activity reduced by about 80 %. Surprisingly, despite hrpW expression being induced specifically on the plant root surface, a knockout mutation of the gene does not appear to affect symbiosis with the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris.

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Structural characterization of UDP-galactopyranose mutase from eukaryotic pathogens

10.32469/10355/46128 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Richa Dhatwalia

Keyword(s):

Drug Target ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Leishmania Major ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Protozoan Parasites ◽

Enzymatic Mechanism ◽

Structural Details

UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) is a unique flavoenzyme that catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-galactopyranose (UDP-Galp) and UDP-galactofuranose (UDP-Galf), without any net transfer of electrons. UGM is a central enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of galactofuranose (Galf). Galf forms a major component of different glycoconjugate structures, lipids and polysaccharides of disease-causing fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus and protozoan parasites such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania major. Current treatments for diseases caused by these pathogens are limited and use compounds that are either highly toxic or expensive. Thus, new drug development strategies are required for combating these lethal diseases. The unique chemistry of UGMs and its implication in the virulence of pathogenic bacteria, fungi and protozoa and its absence in humans make it a potential drug target. Though bacterial UGMs have been somewhat characterized in detail using structural and biochemical methods, major questions about the catalytic and structural properties of eukaryotic UGMs remain unanswered. Thus, the determination of three-dimensional structures of eukaryotic UGMs might help us in elucidating the enzymatic mechanism of this class of enzymes and potential inhibitor design. The research described in this dissertation address these longstanding questions by providing the first three-dimensional structural details and biochemical characterization of eukaryotic UGMs.

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MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS PSEUDINTERMEDIUS FROM CANINE PYODERMA IN SHIVAMOGGA REGION OF KARNATAKA

International Journal on Environmental Sciences ◽

10.53390/ijes.v12i1.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Prashantha M K ◽

Shambulingappa B E ◽

Sundareshan S ◽

Kotresh A M ◽

Rudresh B H ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Strain ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Phenotypic Methods

Shivamogga. Exudate/pus/lesion swabs were collected from clinical cases of canine pyoderma (n=126) and subjected to isolation and identification of bacterial isolates by phenotypic methods. The bacteriological processing of the samples resulted in the recovery of 95 staphylococcal isolates and 18 other bacterial isolates. On culture, staphylococci were the most predominantly (n=95, 75.39%) isolated organisms. The PCR was employed as molecular method in this study for the detection of species of staphylococcal isolates by targeting nuc gene and it was also used for the detection of virulence gene and antibiotic resistance gene in staphylococcal isolates by targeting siet gene and mecA gene, respectively, by using primers published earlier. One of the S. pseudintermedius isolates which confirmed by PCR and sequencing of partial nuc gene was used as positive reference strain for further screening of isolates by PCR. Based on nuc gene-based PCR, out of 95 staphylococcal isolates obtained, 82 (86.1%)of the isolates were found belonging to S. pseudintermedius. And out of 82 S. pseudintermedius isolates, siet gene was detected in 69 (86.1%) isolates. S. pseudintermedius was found to be predominant bacterial pathogen responsible for pyoderma in dogs.

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Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Class A β-Lactamase (HER-1) from Escherichia hermannii

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.47.8.2669-2673.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 2669-2673 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Anne Beauchef-Havard ◽

Guillaume Arlet ◽

Valerie Gautier ◽

Roger Labia ◽

Patrick Grimont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Acid Identity ◽

Low Level ◽

Class A ◽

Moderate Susceptibility

ABSTRACT Escherichia hermannii showed a low level of resistance to amoxicillin and ticarcillin, reversed by clavulanate, and a moderate susceptibility to piperacillin but was susceptible to all cephalosporins. A bla gene was cloned and encoded a typical class A β-lactamase (HER-1, pI 7.5), which shares 45, 44, 41, and 40% amino acid identity with other β-lactamases, AER-1 from Aeromonas hydrophila, MAL-1/Cko-1 from Citrobacter koseri, and TEM-1 and LEN-1, respectively. No ampR gene was detected. Only penicillins were efficiently hydrolyzed, and no hydrolysis was observed for cefuroxime and broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Sequencing of the bla gene in 12 other strains showed 98 to 100% identity with bla HER-1.

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