scholarly journals The Income Tax Accounting Controversy: A Matter Of Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Rue ◽  
Ara G. Volkan
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Individual Event ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Simultaneous Use ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Accounting For Income Taxes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Tax Accounting

<span>The study examines SFAS No. 96 and SFAS No. 109 in the context of the unit problem. The unit problem involves the selection of the appropriate perspective for applying measurement and recognition conventions to the phenomenon of interest. From an individual event perspective, the FASBs conclusions regarding liability recognition are inconsistent with their definition of a liability found in State of Finance Accounting Concepts No. 6. In addition, the use of inconsistent perspectives by the SFAS No. 96 and SFAS No. 109 create disagreements with the Boards positions. The simultaneous use of both the individual and aggregate perspectives as the basis of the Boards decisions is the source of these disagreements. The study argues that the income tax accounting issue should be viewed from an aggregate perspective and concludes that the flow through method of accounting for income taxes should be adopted.</span>

scholarly journals Continuing Case Against Inter-Period Tax Allocation

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Colley ◽  
Joseph Rue ◽  
Ara Volkan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Individual Event ◽  
Deferred Taxes ◽  
Accounting Theory ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

<p class="MsoBlockText" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The annual and industry-based behavior of deferred tax balances is analyzed and the accounting theory and procedures required by the FASB are examined in the context of the unit problem. The unit problem involves the selection of the appropriate perspective (either individual or aggregate) for applying measurement and recognition conventions to phenomena of interest. From an individual event perspective, the FASB's conclusions regarding liability recognition are inconsistent with the definition of liabilities found in the Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 6. In addition, the use of inconsistent perspectives by S109 creates disagreements with the FASB&rsquo;s position, where both the individual and aggregate perspectives are used simultaneously as the basis of the FASB's decisions. The impact of eliminating deferred taxes and adjusting the liability and stockholders equity balances on the debt-to-equity (DTE) ratio is computed for each year and 20 industries in the COMPUSTAT database (1997 &ndash; 2006). The change results in significant decreases in DTE each year and in all industries.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PERYATAAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN NOMOR 46 TENTANG AKUNTANSI PAJAK PENGHASILAN DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 36 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG PAJAK PENGHASILAN ATAS PAJAK PENGHASILAN BADAN PADA PT.MEGA JASAKELOLA

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Marcel Letlora ◽  
Jantje J. Tinangon ◽  
Lintje Kalangi
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
Accounting For Income Taxes

The application of PSAK No. 46, Accounting for Income Taxes expected to bridge between accounting and tax laws with provisions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of PSAK No. 46 and Act No. 36 of 2008 on corporate income tax on PT.mega Jasakelola. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis. The application of PSAK No.46 of research results 46 top corporate income tax has been applied on PT.Mega Jasakelola especially regarding deferred tax, taxable income and tax payable now. Implementation of Act No. 36 of 2008 on income tax on business services is appropriate PT Mega Jasakelola Taxation existing regulations. PT.Mega Jasakelola has implemented reporting income tax on their annual tax return, in accordance with the provisions of this is evidenced by the positive correction done at the expense of the non- taxable.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF FINANCIAL AND TAX ACCOUNTING OF TRANSACTIONS ON DEBT CONVERSION

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 312-321
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Poroshin ◽  
N. Yu. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Studies ◽  
Tax Accounting

The article deals with peculiarities of conducting forensic economic studies connected with collecting income tax and value added tax as well as the order for recording debt conversion in financial accounting. It discusses methods that are used while conducting the studies, lists the relevant articles of normative acts that regulate the order of recording debt conversion transactions in financial accounting. It also considers a number ofpossible situations for debt conversion transactions, the order of recording them in financial accounting and tax consequences of these transactions. Having analyzed the requirements of the tax legislation, the article claims that debt conversion transactions constitute an object exempt of income tax and vale added tax because: such transactions cannot be classified as obtaining income and do not constitute trade in debt obligations; the transfer of credit debt of one debtor to another is still a liability and not a commodity (work or service); such transactions do not conform with any definition of transactions for the supply of goods, services or factoring.

A Case Integrating Financial and Tax Accounting Using the Balance Sheet Approach to Account for Income Taxes

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa P. Larson ◽  
Troy K. Lewis ◽  
Brian C. Spilker
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Accounting For Income Taxes ◽  
Advanced Version

ABSTRACT This case guides students through the process of reconciling financial (book) income to its taxable income, calculating the tax provision, preparing the income tax footnote disclosure, and completing Form 1120, Schedule M-1 for a fictitious publicly traded client. In the case, students are presented with the company's financial statements, including supporting schedules, and a tax basis balance sheet. Students are asked to calculate the tax provision and construct the income tax footnote as a pre-class assignment. In class, students debrief the tax provision calculation and income tax footnote and use information contained in the income tax footnote to reconcile the company's book to taxable income. Students completing this case should be able to (1) interpret the differences between a book basis balance sheet and a tax basis balance sheet, (2) create the income tax footnote disclosure using the ASC 740 balance sheet approach to accounting for income taxes, and (3) use information in the financial statement footnote and related disclosures to determine a company's book-tax differences and reconcile its book to taxable income. This case is designed for an intermediate financial accounting or tax course but an advanced version of the case could be used in a graduate financial accounting or graduate tax course.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penerapan PSAK No. 46 Terhadap Laporan Laba Rugi Pada Tiga Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar di BEI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 031-046
Author(s):  
Abdilla Rahmania Kusmala ◽  
Hastoni .
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Deferred Tax Liabilities ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
Accounting For Income Taxes

The company follows a accounting standards generally accepted in drawing up the financial statements, namely Financial accounting standards (SAK). For various reasons, that standard is different from the taxation provisions also utilize accounting information. Due to the difference of a few things in Financial accounting standards (SAK) with the provisions of the Regulation militate in% u2013 Invitation taxation. Bond Accountant Indonesia (IAI) has confirmed the Statements of financial accounting standards (PSAK) No. 46 concerning accounting for income taxes, is a new thing in the accounting standards for enterprises in Indonesia. PSAK No. 46.The purpose of this research is to know concerning PSAK NO. 46 and see if PSAK NO. 46 already applied on the PT Astra International Tbk, PT Mustika Ratu Tbk, PT Mayora Indah Tbk. And how its influence from the application of PSAK NO.46 of the income statement of the company. The study was conducted at the corner of Indonesia stock exchange at STIE Kesatuan Bogor. The results showed that in the application of PSAK NO. 46 will develop assets and deferred tax liabilities interest arising due to temporary differences. The influence of the application of PSAK NO. 46 on the income statements give rise to a difference between the burden of income tax with income tax debt resulting from the existence of differences in recognition of tax-deferred interest assets, which is set to PSAK NO. 46.

scholarly journals Deferred Taxes Revisited

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Colley ◽  
Joseph Rue ◽  
Ara Volkan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Financial Evaluation ◽  
Deferred Taxes ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Accounting Theory ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tax Accounting

<p class="MsoBlockText" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The study examines the deferred tax accounting theory and procedures required by the FASB in the context of the unit problem. The unit problem involves the selection of the appropriate perspective (either individual or aggregate) for applying measurement and recognition conventions to phenomena of interest. From an individual event perspective, the FASB's conclusions regarding liability recognition are inconsistent with the definition of liabilities found in the Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 6. In addition, the use of inconsistent perspectives by S109 creates disagreements with the FASB&rsquo;s position, where both the individual and aggregate perspectives are used simultaneously as the basis of the FASB's decisions. The study argues that the income tax accounting issue should be viewed from an aggregate perspective and concludes that the flow-through method of accounting for income taxes should be adopted. The impact of eliminating deferred taxes and adjusting the liability and stockholders equity balances on the debt-to-equity (DTE) ratio is computed for the entire COMPUSTAT database (20 years). For the 817 firms that persist throughout the 20-year period, each year, the net deferred tax balance for each company is compared to the balance in the previous year, with increases (53%) outnumbering decreases (32%), and the remainder (15%) showing no change. In addition, the average annual net deferred tax balances of entire sample show increases for the 15 of the 20 years examined and the balances for persisting firms show increases for 17 of the 20 years examined. Finally, the relative size of the net deferred tax balances as a percentage of total assets and total liabilities for both the overall sample and the persisting firms range from 4.1% to 5.8% of total assets and from 7.9% to 11.8% of total liabilities. Statistical results show that the decreases in the DTE ratio are significant for each year, with an overall average decrease of 19%. Thus, the flow-through method results in significant changes in a key ratio that is used in the financial evaluation of most companies. Conversely, the DTE ratios currently used in the financial evaluation of companies are flawed because the net deferred tax balances are included in liabilities, when it is clear that these accounts do not meet the liability criteria specified in accounting theory.</span></span></p>

INCOME TAX ALLOCATION: THE CONTINUING CONTROVERSY IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M. Schultz ◽  
Roxanne T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
The Past ◽  
Retrospective Account ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Accounting For Income Taxes

The appropriate means of accounting for income taxes on financial statements has been among the most hotly debated and frequently recycled issues of the past 50 years. This retrospective account begins with the issuance of the first professional standards during the 1930s and 1940s, and illustrates how theoretical arguments, developed in professional and academic journals during the 1950s, were subsequently recycled and revised during later decades. The problems that led to reconsideration of the deferred tax issue by both the APB during the 1960s and the FASB during the 1980s and 1990s are discussed, as are the solutions offered by these standard setters.

scholarly journals Conceptual Approaches to the Education of Life-Meaningful Values of Teenagers and Early Adolescence in Ukraine

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 315-319
Author(s):  
Katherinа Zhurba
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the conceptual approaches to the upbringing in the education of lifemeaningful values of teenagers and early adolescence in Ukraine. The definition of life-meaningfulvalues has been given up. The major problems and contradictions in the upbringing of theUkrainian children were paid attention to. The dependence of the result of upbringing, from thedesire and the participation of all actors: children, parents, teachers is pointed out. Conceptualapproaches to education of life values meaning are analyzed on the methodological, theoreticaland practical levels. The aspects of the previous researches have been underlined. In this context, asystematic approach determines the integrity of the educational process in primary and highschool. Synergetic approach combines the organization and self-organization of the growingpersonality. Humanistic approach recognizes each child's highest value at school, family, andsociety. Personal-centered approach provides individual attention to him, to free choice of that orother life-meaningful values. Activity approach provides practice and deed activity of children andshows how the value of the meaning of life affects the behavior of the individual. The theoreticallevel of substantiation of the concept of education of children of teenagers and early youth givesability to define key points and concepts. Practical level implies the corresponding experimentalactivity, the determination of propriate pedagogical conditions, the selection of content, forms andmethods of education of teenagers and early adolescence. Conceptual approaches offer theopportunity to develop a modern system of education of the values of the meaning of life ofteenagers and early adolescence in Ukraine. Implementation of conceptual approaches aimed atqualitative changes in the education of life-meaningful values among of teenagers and earlyadolescence

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Youth-to-Parent Aggression: Conceptualization, Typologies, and Instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izaskun Ibabe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The goal of this study was to analyze the conceptualization of YPA (youth-to-parent aggression) in relation to terms, definitions, typologies and assessment instruments. To achieve this aim, a systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA protocol. Assessment instruments for YPA were examined in accordance with COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments). After reviewing the literature on conceptualization and measuring instruments, some gaps were found. The use of some particular terms was justified depending on the age of children and severity of case. Taking into account the theoretical background, a full definition of YPA was offered. Moreover, this study revealed that it was possible to discriminate four typologies of YPA (Offensive, Defensive, Affective, and Situational) as a function of the coercion level and nature of the violence. Eleven instruments to measure YPA were analyzed exhaustively, with the most reported and robust psychometric properties being internal consistency and structural validity, while other validity evidence was understudied. The CPV-Q (12–25 years) obtained the highest rating as a promising instrument. The initial psychodiagnosis of a YPA situation would help in the individual or family intervention, as well as prevent more severe situations of YPA through early intervention.

SELECTION OF LANGUAGE AND SPEECH MATERIAL FOR TEACHING FUTURE PHILOLOGISTS OF ORAL TURKISH MONOLOGICAL STATEMENTS ON THE ELEMENTARY LEVEL

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Iryna Kindras
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Turkish Language ◽  
Selection Of

The article investigates of language and speech material for teaching future philologists of oral Turkish monological statements on the elementary level. In particular, the difficulties of teaching Turkish on the elementary level are analyzed, the criteria for selection of material for formation oral Turkish monological statements of students on the elementary level are proposed. Analysis of the literature on psychology showed that the quality of teaching process depends on the individual capabilities of the student and other factors that affect the teaching process. These factors include difficulties of teaching Turkish on the elementary level. According to the functional and psychological scheme of production oral monological statements the difficulties associated with the occurrence of a natural need of expression in a foreign language and the complexity of the definition of speaking and composition related to the definition of semantic content and logical sequence expression, means and methods of forming opinions and the difficulty of developing and implementing articulation program are differentiated. In addition, o the elementary level of study of Turkish language students facing the difficulties caused by the consequences interlingual interference. Interlingual interference affects basic aspects of language such as phonetics, grammar and semantics and can be a obstacle in learning a foreign language. Among the linguistic difficulties selected: phonetic (presence of phonemes that are not in native language; no equivalents of some consonants in the Ukrainian language [s]> [j]; [ğ]> yumuşak g; «law of consonants harmony (Ünsüz benzeşmesi)"; shift of emphasis), lexical (words similar in sound, adoption, use expressions that do not have equivalents; use established pair of expressions), morphological (agglutination; a special system case) and syntactic (reverse word order, punctuation rules of Turkish language different from Ukrainian). Selection lexical material should be based on the following criteria: frequency, themes and communicative value; for the selection of grammatical material defined such criteria as: frequency, the necessity and structural excellence; for the phonetic material we propose such criteria as: the degree of difficulty in mastering the phonetic phenomenon and normativity. The criteria of selection of educational texts for reading and listening are authenticity, speech excellence; availability; compliance with program requirements, age-related interests and needs of students and also the criterion of limited time of soundtracks.

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