Tax Case:  Single Member LLC Brings In A Second Owner

This paper presents a tax case simulating a real-world experience whereby a single member limited liability company that is currently classified as a disregarded entity, takes on a second owner. By default the entity will be classified as a partnership; however, if an affirmative election is made, the LLC could be taxed as a corporation or as an S corporation. Students are presented with two options for partnership formation along with hypothetical data and business objectives of the partners. They are then asked to consider the tax rules of two options, along with the resulting tax and economic impact of each option, in order to make a recommendation about the more favorable business alternative. Students are also asked to consider alternate forms of entity in addition to that of a partnership and the potential impact on the owners. In order to do this, students rely on fundamental knowledge learned in the typical business entities tax course and use their research and analytical skills to synthesize the most favorable outcome. Students are asked to deliver a tax memorandum which addresses a series of issues or questions, plus a client letter discussing the tax considerations as well as non-tax factors, in addition to Excel worksheets which outline the tax impact under each of the two options provided. As a result of this assignment, students discover the value of prudent and skillful tax planning, that additional, non-tax factors may need to be considered, and the positive impact they can have on the financial affairs of their clients.

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ANALISIS PERENCANAAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN ATAS PENGEMBANGAN INVESTASI BIDANG PROPERTI

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Airlangga ◽

10.20473/jeba.v28i12018.42-56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Natalia Kartika ◽

Heru Tjaraka

Keyword(s):

Income Tax ◽

Limited Liability ◽

Tax Planning ◽

Research Approach ◽

Limited Liability Company ◽

Joint Operation ◽

New Business ◽

Business Entities ◽

Tax Savings ◽

The Right

Business investment in property is very promising and could be an asset in the future because the price of land and buildings continue increasing. Many entrepreneurs are interested in investing in property but it is not an easy thing. For entrepreneurs who have investment opportunities but do not have sufficient funds or assets or otherwise, can be empowered by getting its business partners for mutual investment through the establishment of a new business entity. The establishment of business entities is certainly not free from income tax aspects. Income taxes are expenses that reduce income earned by entrepreneurs. Therefore tax planning is necessary in order to save costs without violating applicable regulations. Selection in the establishment of business entities is one way to do tax planning. The right selection in establishment of business entities can give tax savings without violating applicable regulations. This study aims to determine the income tax planning analysis of the development of property investment, if done with the establishment of joint operation (JO) or forming a Limited Liability Company (PT). This study used a qualitative research approach with the strategy used in this research is a case study on PT X and PT Y. The results of the analysis and discussion shows that the burden of income tax to be paid by PT X and PT Y will be lower when it is done with the establishment of a joint operation (JO) than if it is done with the establishment of a Limited Liability Company (PT).

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Caravan Traders: A Tax Research Project For Pass-Through Business Entities

Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) ◽

10.19030/jbcs.v6i6.258 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Monique O. Durant

Keyword(s):

Tax Planning ◽

Practice Research ◽

Analytical Skills ◽

Hypothetical Data ◽

Beneficial Impact ◽

Flow Through ◽

Business Entities ◽

Pass Through ◽

Tax Research ◽

The Impact

This paper presents a tax case simulating a real-world experience in the area of partnership or flow-through entity taxation. Students are presented with an open transaction, hypothetical data and business objectives of the partners. They are then requested to consider the tax rules and the impact on the parties based upon each of two options in order to determine the best business alternative. In order to do this, they rely on knowledge learned in the typical partnership taxation course and practice research and analytical skills to synthesize the most optimum outcome. Students are asked to deliver a tax memorandum that addresses a series of progressive issues, as well as two excels worksheets which outline the tax impact under each of the two options. As a result of this assignment, students discover the value of prudent and skillful tax planning and the beneficial impact that they can have on the financial affairs of their clients.

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The Linkage of the Board of Directors and the Status of Aviation Industry Licensing Law

JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK ◽

10.25292/j.mtl.v3i1.138 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

LESTARI NINGRUM

Keyword(s):

Legal Status ◽

Limited Liability ◽

Third Party ◽

Aviation Industry ◽

Limited Liability Company ◽

Basic Capital ◽

The Status ◽

Business Entities ◽

Capital Intensive ◽

Made In

Aviation business is a capital intensive and high risk in terms of safety. Legislation in force in Indonesia requires enterprises should cost in the form of a limited liability company that is obliged to deposit the basic capital of 500 billion rupiah. The capital cannot be made in working capital which is useful for the collateral to a third party. The regulations for a limited liability company are to be established by at least 2 people. The purpose of this research is to analyze the linkage of the board directors and the status of aviation industry licensing law. The position of the legal status of business entities where shareholder is only one person is to be studied in this descriptive study. The result shows that the airlines company should provide the capital risk and high insurance of the third party. UUPT also has given the authority of the shareholders (who owns 20 % of the share) to be decision makers in the company. However, without independent surveillance, it is possible that the shareholders do some mistakes in making decisions. Some mistakes are related to the policy, the using of authorized capital, and others. Aviation business is a capital intensive and high risk in terms of safety. Legislation in force in Indonesia requires enterprises should cost in the form of a limited liability company that is obliged to deposit the basic capital of 500 billion rupiah. The capital cannot be made in working capital which is useful for the collateral to a third party. The regulations for a limited liability company are to be established by at least 2 people. The position of the legal status of business entities where shareholder is only one person is to be studied in this descriptive study.

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Kewenangan Notaris Dalam Pembuatan Akta Otentik Berkaitan Dengan Kontrak Kerjasama

Jurnal Akta ◽

10.30659/akta.v5i1.2526 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Maslikan Maslikan ◽

Sukarmi Sukarmi

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

Limited Liability ◽

Research Approach ◽

Public Official ◽

Limited Liability Company ◽

Notary Public ◽

Business Entities

AbstrakDalam pasal 1 ayat (1) UU No 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris, Notaris adalah pejabat umum yang berwenang untuk membuat akta otentik dan kewenangan lainnya sebagaimana dimaksud dalam undang-undang ini. Salah satu kewenangan notaris adalah membuat akta otentik, dimana hal tersebut sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam pasal 15 UU No 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris.Hal ini penulis mencoba menelaah kewenangan notaris dalam pembuatan akta otentik berkaitan dengan kontrak kerjasama.Peneitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normative, dimana pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual.Akta-akta yang dibuat oleh Notaris misalnya pedirian Perseroan Terbatas (PT), perubahan dan risalah umum pemegang saham, pendirian yayasan, pendirian bahan usaha-badan usaha lainnya, kuasa untuk menjual, perjanjian sewa menyewa, perjanjian jual beli, keterangan hak waris, wasiat, pendirian CV termasuk perubahannya, pengakuan utang, perjanjian kredit dan dan pemberian hak tanggungan, perjanjian kerjasama, kontrak kerja, segala bentuk perjanjian yang tidak dikecualikan kepada pejabat lain, oleh sebab itu akta yang berkaitan dengan kontrak kerjasama mutlak merupakan wewenang oleh sorang Notaris untuk membuat akta otentik tersebutKata Kunci : kewenangan notaris, akta otentik, kontrak kerjasama AbstractIn article 1 paragraph (1) of Law No 30 Year 2004 concerning Notary Public, Notary is a public official authorized to make authentic deed and other authority as referred to in this law. One of the authority of a notary is to make an authentic deed, which is in accordance with the provisions of Article 15 of Law No 30 Year 2004 regarding Notary Position.This author tries to examine the authority of notary in making authentic deed related to cooperation contract. This research uses normative law research method, where the research approach used is the approach of legislation and conceptual approach.Notarial deeds made by a Notary, such as the establishment of a Limited Liability Company (PT), general shareholder changes and minutes, establishment of foundations, establishment of materials of other business entities, authorization to sell, lease agreements, sale and purchase agreements, inheritance rights, , the establishment of the CV including amendments, recognition of debts, credit agreements and the granting of mortgages, cooperation agreements, contracts of employment, all forms of agreements not excluded to other officials, therefore deeds relating to the contract of cooperation are absolutely authorized by a Notary to make the authentic deedKeywords: notary authority, authentic deed, cooperation contract

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Mewujudkan Keharmonisan Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas dalam Pendirian Perseroan Daerah

Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum ◽

10.24815/kanun.v22i2.16184 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 363-378

Author(s):

Teuku Ahmad Yani ◽

Teuku Muttaqin Mansur

Keyword(s):

Legal Status ◽

Limited Liability ◽

Company Law ◽

Regional Government ◽

Limited Liability Company ◽

Legal Basis ◽

Liability Law ◽

The Law ◽

The Government ◽

Business Entities

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis asas lex spesialis terkait dengan keharmonis-an Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas dalam Pendirian Perseroan Daerah. Perusahaan perseroan daerah merupakan salah satu badan usaha dari sejumlah badan usaha yang dikenal dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia. Ciri khas hukum perusahaan di Indonesia, masing-masing jenis perusahaan diatur dengan undang-undang yang terpisah. BUMD diatur dengan Undang-Undang Pemerintah Daerah, sedangkan perseroan terbatas diatur dengan Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuri-dis normatif, dengan mendalami upaya harmonisasi hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjuk-kan bahwa perseroan daerah pada dasarnya juga perseroan terbatas yang dapat dimiliki sepenuh sahamnya oleh satu pemerintah daerah, namun dalam UUPT, tidak diakomodir sebagai perseroan terbatas dengan saham tunggal dapat didirikan oleh satu pemerintah daerah. Namun dalam praktiknya sebagian notaris berupaya melakukan terobosan yang kemudian diakui oleh pemerintah dengan memberikan status badan hukum pada perseroan yang didirikan sepenuhnya oleh satu pemerintah daerah sebagai satunya pendirinya Perseroda. Hal ini, menimbulkan pertanyaan hukum, apakah landasan hukum yang dapat digunakan oleh notaris dan pemerintah untuk menerobos UUPT untuk memenuhi kaedah yang terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Pemda. Bringing the Harmony of the Limited Liability Law in the Establishment of Regional Company The purpose of this study is to analyze the lex specialist principle related to the harmony of the Law on Limited Liability Companies in the establishment of regional companies. Regional company is one of business entities in Indonesia legal system. The characteristic of company law in Indonesia is each type of company regulated by a separate law. BUMD (regional company) is regulated by the regional government law while limited liability company is regulated by UUPT. This study uses a normative juridical method, by exploring efforts to harmonize the law. The results showed that the regional company is basically also a limited liability company that can be fully owned by regional government, but based on the company law, it is not accommodated as a limited liability company because the company has only a single share which is one local government. However, in practice some of notaries tried to make a breakthrough which was later recognized by the government by giving legal status to regional company. This raises the question of what legal basis can be used by notaries and the government to break through the company law so that it meets the methods contained in the regional government law.

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TRANSFORMASI DAN PENGAWASAN KEUANGAN NEGARA PADA BUMN DENGAN PRINSIP BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULE

Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan ◽

10.33059/jhsk.v16i2.3793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 192-203

Author(s):

Nur Rohim Yunus ◽

Latipah Nasution

Keyword(s):

Board Of Directors ◽

Limited Liability ◽

Company Law ◽

Limited Liability Company ◽

Government Officials ◽

Business Decision ◽

Business Judgment Rule ◽

The Board Of Directors ◽

State Finance ◽

Business Entities

Abstract, State assets in the form of shares of business entities are not state assets, but have been transformed into business entity assets. Likewise, government officials who become Directors/Commissioners and other shareholders have an equal position with private shareholders. The Board of Directors in carrying out their duties and authorities has the authority and protection in every business decision making, but this does not escape supervision through the BJR (Business Judgment Rule) principle, as contained in the Limited Liability Company Law. This study uses a qualitative research method with a statutory approach. The purpose of this study is to understand the criteria for state finances in SOEs and the legal consequences of financial losses and supervision of SOEs. The results of the study stated that the implementation of BJR on the Board of Directors of SOEs could be carried out after fulfilling the terms and conditions of the enactment of BJR. BJR can be implemented because a legal entity is actually subject to the Limited Liability Company law. Keywords: Supervision of SOEs ion; Business Judgment Rules; State Finance Intisari: Kekayaan negara yang berbentuk saham dari badan usaha bukan merupakan kekayaan negara, tetapi telah bertransformasi menjadi kekayaan badan usaha. Demikian terhadap pejabat pemerintah yang menjadi Direksi/Komisaris dan pemegang saham lainnya memiliki kedudukan yang setara dengan pemegang saham swasta. Direksi dalam menjalankan tugas dan wewenang memiliki kewenangan dan perlindungan dalam setiap pengambilan keputusan bisnis, namun ini tak luput dari pengawasan melalui prinsip BJR (Business Judgment Rule), sebagaimana termuat dalam Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Tujuan penelitian untuk dapat memahami kriteria keuangan negara pada BUMN dan akibat hukum kerugian keuangan dan pengawasan pada BUMN. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa implementasi BJR terhadap Direksi BUMN dapat dilakukan setelah memenuhi syarat dan ketentuan berlakunya BJR. BJR dapat diimplementasikan karena badan usaha berbadan hukum sejatinya tunduk pada undang-undang Perseroan Terbatas. Kata Kunci: Pengawasan BUMN; Business Judgment Rule; Kuangan Negara

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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 10TH ECONOMIC POLICY PACKAGE RELATED SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES ESTABLISHMENT IN INDONESIA

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan ◽

10.14203/jep.27.2.2019.47-59 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 47-59

Author(s):

Gratianus Prikasetya Putra ◽

Panji Satria Gumay

Keyword(s):

Economic Policy ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Daily Life ◽

Limited Liability ◽

Limited Liability Company ◽

The Government ◽

Business Entities ◽

Small Medium Enterprises ◽

Medium Enterprises ◽

Establishment Process

Small Medium Enterprises company is one of the most popular business entities today. The popularity is cannot be separated from the spirit of entrepreneurship with young creative mindset that become mainstream in daily life. In relevancy with that, The Government of Republic Indonesia enacted Government Regulation No 29 Year 2016 to simplify the establishment process of Small Medium Enterprises legal entity. In practice area, the enactment of that regulation cannot be implemented well because there are some miss connections in regulations structure of Indonesia. In order to solve the problem, this research uses the normative research methodology that possible to answer by describing and explaining the facts with the applied regulation. The theory of limited liability company based on Indonesian Law such as Law No 40 Year 2007 was also applied in this research as a tool to analyse and solve the problem related that issue.

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