Disponibilite, Valeurs Marchande Et Nutritionnelle Des Sous-Produits Agricoles Et Agroindustriels Utilises Dans L’alimentation Des Ruminants Au Benin

The availabilities and the commercial values of 31 agricultural and agro-industrial by-products were evaluated through a semi structural interview carried out on 360 breeders of Benin. A sample of each diet was collected to determine its chemical composition and nutritive values. Maize bran, cassava peels, cakes of soya and cotton are available in any season and have a commercial value. Among fruit by-products used in the food of the ruminants, the pineapple peels occupy the first place and their commercial values are three times higher than those of the cassava peels. Soya cakes has a very high commercial value (higher than 200 FCFA/kg).The leguminous pods and the cereal hulls are also largely available but without commercial value. Roots cassava and tubers of yam by-products and the cakes are very digestible and these values do not go down below 60 %. Low values of digestibility were observed on hulls and stems of cereals and leguminous pods. These digestibilities are generally below 40 %. The groundnut haulms are more digestible than cowpea haulms (57.8 vs 49.7 %). Cotton cakes and palm oil cakes are less digestible than the other oil cakes. The digestibilities of crude protein (DCP) are very low in fruit and cereals by-products. Except for the pods of leguminous, all the leguminous by-products provided considerable quantities in DCP. The studies give opportunities of choice of food supplementation to ruminants during the dry season where graminaceous and the other herbaceous becoming rare in the natural pasture.

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Determination of odour threshold concentrations and dose-response relations in water of several minor disinfection by-products: aldehydes and alkyl nitriles

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0585 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 267-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C. Fabrellas ◽

L. Matia ◽

F. Ventura

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Dose Response ◽

The Other ◽

Odour Threshold ◽

By Products ◽

Very High

The odour threshold concentrations (OTCs) levels of aldehydes and alkyl nitriles, two groups of disinfection by-products of water treatment, have been studied in order to know if some of these compounds can be associated with off-flavour events. For aldehydes, as a result of the values obtained, which are in the low μg/L range, it is possible that they are related to these events. This is not the case for the other group, alkyl nitriles, with very high OTC values.

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The nutritive value of dried spent hops

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600008960 ◽

1927 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 380-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

W. L. Davies ◽

R. S. Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mineral Matter ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Linseed Cake ◽

Spent Hops ◽

By Products ◽

Very High

Dried spent hops possess a high absorptive capacity, and attention is drawn to its use as a “filler” to absorb such by-products as molasses and treacle.The material possesses a high crude protein value and its ether extract is very high for a fibrous food, while the amount of crude fibre is the same as in good meadow hay. There is a high percentage of mineral matter present.The digestibility of the material has been determined by feeding with hay chaff and linseed cake meal to three sheep. The spent hops were not readily eaten and could only be included in a ration in an amount equal to one-seventh of the dry weight of the total ration.Its digestibility is low, a fifth of the crude protein and the nitrogenfree extractives, one-half of the ether extract, one-twentieth of the crude fibre and one-fifth of the total organic matter only being digestible. The production starch equivalent was 24.5.

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Effect of Harvest Interval on Yields of Four Sudan Grass Sorghum Crosses with Irrigation on the South Coast of Puerto Rico

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v65i2.7580 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 108-113

Author(s):

Rubén Caro-Costas

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Crude Protein ◽

The Other ◽

Sudan Grass ◽

Harvest Intervals ◽

Lower Protein ◽

One Year ◽

High Yields ◽

Grazing Lands ◽

Very High

Yields of the Sudan grass-sorghum hybrids Space Maker, Grazer A, Sordan 70, and Graze and Bale averaged 23,028, 39,815 and 54,810 kg of dry forage/ha/yr when harvested every 30, 45 and 60 days, respectively, over a one year period with irrigation. Crude protein percentage of the forage averaged 9.0, 6.2 and 5.0% for the 30, 45 and 60 days cutting intervals, respectively. Sordan 70 and Grazer A were the highest yielders with 30. or 60-day harvest intervals. Sordan 70 outyielded all the other forages at the 45-day harvest interval. All the forages had similar crude protein contents at the various cutting intervals except Sordan 70 that had a lower protein content than the other forages at the 30. and 60-day cutting intervals. All the forages produced similar yields of crude protein at the various cutting intervals except that Sordan 70 which produced more total protein than the other grasses at the 45-day harvest interval. The very high yields produced by these forages show that the semiarid irrigated region of Puerto Rico can be used to grow forage to supplement pastures in nearby grazing lands during the annual dry season.

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Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Mechanism for Effectiveness of Plasmapheresis

10.1055/s-0038-1665810 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

J. G. Kelton ◽

P. B. Neame ◽

I. Walker ◽

A. G. Turpie ◽

J. McBride ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽

The Other ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Normal Range ◽

Antiplatelet Antibody ◽

Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽

Serious Illness ◽

Normal Platelet ◽

Very High

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but serious illness of unknown etiology. Treatment by plasmapheresis has been reported to be effective but the mechanism for benefit is unknown. We have investigated the effect of plasmapheresis in 2 patients with TTP by quantitating platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) levels prior to and following plasmapheresis. Both patients had very high levels of PAIgG at presentation (90 and A8 fg IgG/platelet respectively, normal 0-5). in both, the PAIgG levels progressively fell to within the normal range and the platelet count rose following plasmapheresis. One patient remained in remission with normal platelet counts and PAIgG levels. The other relapsed after plasmapheresis and the PAIgG level rose prior to the fall in platelet count. Plasmapheresis was repeated and resulted in normalization of both the platelet count and PAIgG level. It is suggested that plasmapheresis removes antiplatelet antibody or immune complexes which may be of etiological importance in this illness.

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Preliminary results of the optimization of biogas production at the biogas station of the national research institute of animal production in Grodziec Sląski – Kostkowice

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp2.03.026 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

K. Węglarzy ◽

Yu. Shliva ◽

B. Matros ◽

G. Sych

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Organic Mass ◽

National Research Institute ◽

Digestion Process ◽

By Products

Aim. To optimize the methane digestion process while using different recipes of substrate components of ag- ricultural origin. Methods. The chemical composition of separate components of the substrate of agricultural by-products, industrial wastes, fats of the agrorefi nery and corn silage was studied. Dry (organic) mass, crude protein (fat) fi ber, loose ash, nitrogen-free exhaust were estimated in the components and the productivity of biogas was determined along with the methane content. These data were used as a basis for daily recipes of the substrate and the analysis of biogas production at the biogas station in Kostkowice. Results. The application of by-products of agricultural production solves the problem of their storage on boards and in open containers, which reduces investment costs, related to the installation of units for their storage. Conclusions. The return on investment for obtaining electric energy out of agricultural biogas depends considerably on the kind of the substrate used and on technological and market conditions.

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Temporal variability of disinfection by-products concentration in urban public water system

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000902 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 393-398

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Water System ◽

The Other ◽

Major Constituent ◽

System P ◽

Public Water System ◽

Drinking Water Samples ◽

By Products

The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) was studied in the drinking water samples from urban water supply network of Karachi city that served more than 18 million people. Drinking water samples were collected from 58 locations in summer (May-August) and winter (November-February) seasons. The major constituent of THMs detected was chloroform in winter (92.34%) and summer (93.07%), while the other THMs determined at lower concentrations. Summer and winter concentrations of total THMs at places exceed the levels regulated by UEPA (80 μg l-1) and WHO (100 μg l-1). GIS linked temporal variability in two seasons showed significantly higher median concentration (2.5%-23.06%) of THMs compared to winter.

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Growth Characteristics of Activated Sludges Acclimated to para-Nitrophenol in Batch and Continuous Modes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0359 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 327-333

Author(s):

Y. Matsui ◽

F. Yamaguchi ◽

Y. Suwa ◽

Y. Urushigawa

Keyword(s):

Growth Characteristics ◽

The Other ◽

Operational Mode ◽

Continuous Mode ◽

Relative Resistance ◽

Batch Mode ◽

The Given ◽

Operational Modes ◽

Very High ◽

Sensitive Group

Activated sludges were acclimated to p-nitrophenol (PNP) in two operational modes, a batch and a continuous. The operational mode of the PNP acclimation of activated sludges strongly affected the physiological characteristics of predominant microorganisms responsible for PNP degradation. Predominant PNP degraders in the sludge in batch mode (Sludge B) had lower PNP affinity and were relatively insensitive to PNP concentration. Those of the sludge in continuous mode (Sludge C), on the other hand, had very high PNP affinity and were sensitive to PNP. MPN enumeration of PNP degraders in sludge B and C using media with different PNP concentrations (0.05, 0.2,0.5 and 2.0 mM) supported the above results. Medium with 0.2 mM of PNP did not recover PNP degraders in sludge C well, while it recovered PNP degraders in sludge B as well as the medium with 0.05 mM did. When switching from one operational mode to the other, the predominant population in sludge B shifted to the sensitive group, but that of sludge C did not shift at the given loading of PNP, showing relative resistance to inhibitive concentration.

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Islamic hedging for pilgrimage funds: case of Indonesia

Qualitative Research in Financial Markets ◽

10.1108/qrfm-11-2017-0101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 328-341

Author(s):

Rifki Ismal ◽

Nurul Izzati Septiana

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

The Other ◽

Exchange Rate Risk ◽

Content Type ◽

Other Hand ◽

Rate Risk ◽

Risk Identify ◽

Hajj Season ◽

The Right ◽

Very High

Purpose The demand for Saudi Arabian real (SAR) is very high in the pilgrimage (hajj) season while the authority, unfortunately, does not hedge the hajj funds. As such, the hajj funds are potentially exposed to exchange rate risk, which can impact the value of hajj funds and generate extra cost to the pilgrims. The purpose of this paper is to conduct simulations of Islamic hedging for pilgrimage funds to: mitigate and minimize exchange rate risk, identify and recommend the ideal time, amount and tenors of Islamic hedging for hajj funds, estimate cost saving by pursuing Islamic hedging and propose technical and general recommendations for the authority. Design/methodology/approach Forward transaction mechanism is adopted to compute Islamic forward between SAR and Rupiah (Indonesian currency) or IDR. Findings – based on simulations, the paper finds that: the longer the Islamic hedging tenors, the better is the result of Islamic hedging, the decreasing of IDR/USD is the right time to hedge the hajj funds and, on the other hand, the IDR/SAR appreciation is not the right time to hedge the hajj funds. Findings Based on simulations, the paper finds that: the longer the Islamic hedging tenors, the better is the result of Islamic hedging, the decreasing of IDR/USD is the right time to hedge the hajj funds and, on the other hand, the IDR/SAR appreciation is not the right time to hedge the hajj funds. Research limitations/implications The research suggests the authority to (and not to) hedge the hajj fund, depending on economic conditions and market indicators. Even though the assessment is for the Indonesian case, other countries maintaining hajj funds might also learn from this paper. Originality/value To the best of author’s knowledge, this is the first paper in Indonesia that attempts to simulate the optimal hedging of hajj funds.

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Polyphenol Profiling of Chestnut Pericarp, Integument and Curing Water Extracts to Qualify These Food By-Products as a Source of Antioxidants

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26082335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2335

Author(s):

Gabriella Pinto ◽

Sabrina De Pascale ◽

Maria Aponte ◽

Andrea Scaloni ◽

Francesco Addeo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Tap Water ◽

Time Of Flight ◽

The Other ◽

Curing Process ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Water Curing ◽

The Impact ◽

By Products

Plant polyphenols have beneficial antioxidant effects on human health; practices aimed at preserving their content in foods and/or reusing food by-products are encouraged. The impact of the traditional practice of the water curing procedure of chestnuts, which prevents insect/mould damage during storage, was studied to assess the release of polyphenols from the fruit. Metabolites extracted from pericarp and integument tissues or released in the medium from the water curing process were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-qTOF-MS). This identified: (i) condensed and hydrolyzable tannins made of (epi)catechin (procyanidins) and acid ellagic units in pericarp tissues; (ii) polyphenols made of gallocatechin and catechin units condensed with gallate (prodelphinidins) in integument counterparts; (iii) metabolites resembling those reported above in the wastewater from the chestnut curing process. Comparative experiments were also performed on aqueous media recovered from fruits treated with processes involving: (i) tap water; (ii) tap water containing an antifungal Lb. pentosus strain; (iii) wastewater from a previous curing treatment. These analyses indicated that the former treatment determines a 6–7-fold higher release of polyphenols in the curing water with respect to the other ones. This event has a negative impact on the luster of treated fruits but qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of antioxidants. Such a phenomenon does not occur in wastewater from the other curing processes, where the release of polyphenols was reduced, thus preserving the chestnut’s appearance. Polyphenol profiling measurements demonstrated that bacterial presence in water hampered the release of pericarp metabolites. This study provides a rationale to traditional processing practices on fruit appearance and qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of bioactive compounds for other nutraceutical applications.

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Effect of Processed Beverage By-Product-Based Diets on Biological Parameters, Conversion Efficiency and Body Composition of Hermetia illucens (L) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12050475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 475

Author(s):

Vassilios Sideris ◽

Maria Georgiadou ◽

Georgios Papadoulis ◽

Konstantinos Mountzouris ◽

Antonios Tsagkarakis

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Larval Density ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Spent Coffee Grounds ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Spent Grains ◽

Coffee Grounds ◽

By Products

The effect of spent coffee grounds (SCG), brewer’s spent grains (BSG) and their mixtures with the addition of brewer’s yeast (BY) were tested in two rearing densities of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.). Different treatments were investigated on larval development, survival, yield, protein conversion (PrCR) and bioconversion rate (BCR), substrate mass reduction and body composition of the insect. BSF larvae were able to develop sufficiently in all diets, except on sole SCG. The addition of BY enhanced the performance properties of diets, especially in the case of SCG, where larvae underperformed. Substrate mass reduction, PrCR and BCR were affected only by feed and exhibited higher values on reference feed, followed by BSG and SCG+BSG enriched with BY. Density did not have a significant effect on various larval nutrients, except for fat, which was higher on larvae fed enriched feeds with BY and in the 300 larval density. The interaction between feed and density strongly affected the nitrogen and protein levels, larval yield and ash. Generally, diets which contained SCG exhibited high larval crude protein levels. Our results illustrate that low value beverage by-products can be successfully utilized as constituents of a successful BSF diet.

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