scholarly journals Post Disaster Relocation Issues: A Case Study of Samasarakanda Landslide in Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (32) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinnawala Sangasumana
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Durable Solutions ◽  
Project Deliverables ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Constraints

Landslide-induced displacement is an unexpected tragedy as well as a major development constraint which cannot be overcome sustainably unless a well-established mechanism is functionalized. Since the displacement is a life changing event, the attention should be focused to address all aspects of restoration of lives such as building houses, establishing livelihood opportunities, rehabilitation and reintegration in the process of relocation. In order to address the relocation issues and challenges for seeking durable solutions, community based strategies are most welcome in contemporary disaster management plans. In addition to examine the failures of existing relocation programmes, this study has attempted to investigate one of the neglected aspects of restoring displaced lives in the recovery phase of disaster management cycle; post-relocation satisfaction. The methodology has initially been designed based on qualitative approach focusing 72 households selected through judgment sampling from six relocated housing schemes after the massive landslide occurred in 2016 at Aranayaka division in Kegalle District, Sri Lanka. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques have been used for data collection through questionnaires, structural interviews, semi structural interviews and case studies while descriptive data analytical methods applied particularly for case study interpretation. The research results revealed that, this unexpected landslide hazard has created several socio-economic constraints which cause to accelerate the relocation issues. Lack of involvement of the government institutions in finding durable solutions at the recovery phase and the delay of policy implementation are identified as the main interlinked issues in the process of relocation. Due to the lack of community participation in project planning and less cooperation between the authorities and the public, most of the relocation programmes could not achieve the expected project deliverables. Therefore the research paper suggests new strategies to overcome the existing issues and challenges in order to minimize the problems faced by post-landslide relocated communities.

India’s Proxy War in Sri Lanka

Proxy War ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 182-200
Author(s):  
Tyrone L. Groh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Proxy War ◽  
The Government ◽  
War Policy

This chapter presents a case study for how India initially supported the LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) covertly to protect ethnic Tamils in Sri Lanka and then later had to overtly intervene to stop LTTE’s operations during efforts to broker peace. For the duration of the conflict, India’s support remained covert and plausibly deniable. Inside Sri Lanka, the character of the conflict was almost exclusively ethnic and involved the government in Colombo trying to prevent the emergence of an independent Tamil state. Internationally, the United States, the Soviet Union, and most other global powers, for the most part, remained sidelined. Domestically, India’s government had to balance its foreign policy with concerns about its sympathetic Tamil population and the threat of several different secessionist movements inside its own borders. The India-LTTE case reflects history’s most costly proxy war policy.

Barriers to implementing waste-to-energy projects in Sri Lanka: a PESTEL analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binashi Kumarasiri ◽  
Piumi Dissanayake
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Under Construction

PurposeIt is no surprise that garbage is not garbage for some. It is money. This is why garbage has been overestimated to a point that money allocated for waste-to-energy (WtE) projects feed individual pockets. Many countries have already adapted WtE as a successful solution for both energy and waste crisis. Although in Sri Lanka six WtE projects were promised, the government abruptly decided that it would not have any more projects other than the two plants that were under construction. The purpose of this paper is to analyse barriers to the implementation of WtE projects in Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory case study was selected as the research strategy to achieve the research aim. In total, two WtE megaprojects, which have been initiated implementation in Sri Lanka, were used as cases. A total of 12 semi-structured interviews with four personnel from each case and four government officials were used as the data collection technique. Data analysis was carried out using code-based content analysis. The barriers were extracted through analysis of case findings using an abductive analysis. The strategies to mitigate identified barriers were formulated based on attributes highlighted through case study findings and further validated through the opinions of three experts.FindingsBarriers were analysed using the PESTEL framework to get ample insight into barriers that impact on the implementation of WtE projects in Sri Lanka. Less support from the government due to their less awareness on WtE, high investment and operational cost, lack of expert knowledge on WtE technologies in Sri Lanka, absence of a proper regulatory framework for implementation WtE technologies, lengthy process and delay in getting approvals from government process, poor attitudes of public and their protests due to the less awareness on WtE are the foremost barriers identified in this study. Further, strategies were proposed based on the empirical research findings to overcome barriers to facilitate the successful implementation of WtE projects in Sri Lanka.Research limitations/implicationsSo far only two WtE megaprojects have been initiated the implementation in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the scope of the study was limited only to those projects. Moreover, the type of waste considered in this study is municipal solid waste (MSW), which has become a bigger problem in Sri Lanka.Originality/valueThe current study unveils an analysis of barriers for implementation of WtE projects in Sri Lanka, including strategies for mitigating identified barriers. The findings would enable relevant stakeholders, i.e. policymakers, industry practitioners, investors, government bodies and researchers to make informed decisions on implementation of WtE projects and thereby promote successful implementation of WtE projects in Sri Lanka.

Review of the Kumbakonam school fire in India: Lessons learned

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajinder Walia, PhD ◽  
Sujata Satapathy, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
School Management ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Psychosocial Counseling ◽  
Psychiatric Referral ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
The Government ◽  
Poor Lighting

A school fire at a government-aided school in Kumbakonam, India, killed 93 children and injured 21 on July 16, 2004. The school was tailor-made for a disaster, with its narrow stairway, poor lighting, thatched roof, kitchen in close proximity of the school building, past incidences of minor fire breakouts, and only one collapsible exit in the classroom. Strong winds and an absence of teachers on the day of the tragedy added to the vulnerability of the school, leading to the disaster. The government responded to the situation ef - fectively by providing adequate physical relief and rehabilitation to the parents of the deceased children and to injured students. The government was supported by various nongovernmental organizations and the corporate sector, which rose to the occasion. Psychosocial counseling was also carried out for the affected parents. Various recommendations resulting from analysis of the event in - clude developing comprehensive district and school disaster management plans using a multihazard approach, ensuring the safety of the school, instituting a proper psychiatric referral system for the affected, counseling the injured and rescued students to facilitate their relocation in different schools, training teachers and all others involved in school management in disaster management, and educating students about fire safety in school.

scholarly journals Muslim Minority in Post-war Sri Lanka: A Case Study of Aluthgama and Digana Violences

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Mohamed Anifa Mohamed Fowsar ◽  
Mohamed Abdulla Mohamed Rameez ◽  
Aboobacker Rameez
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War

Sri Lanka saw an unprecedented degree of anti-Muslim sentiment followed by violence perpetrated by certain extremist elements in recent years. This article primarily examines the implications of anti-Muslim violence that occurred from Aluthgama to Digana and the causes behind the violence. The article shows that anti-Muslim sentiment is manifested in several dimensions: campaigns against Halal, Muslim attire, cattle slaughter, and attacks on mosques and Muslim-owned businesses. This manifestation has resulted in violence against Muslims, causing massive damages to their properties. The study argues that fear of growing Muslim population, economic competition with Muslims, Mahavamsa mentality, and exceptionalism to Buddhist clergies, fear of Islam, and formation of ethnic-based political parties are the causes of anti-Muslim sentiment which later culminated in the form of violence. Therefore, the government needs to enforce law and order equally on all citizens and ensure a policy of multiculturalism and tolerance is strictly maintained.

scholarly journals Policy Networks in Disaster Management: A Case Study of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
Lee Hee Sun ◽  
Park Soon Ae
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Response Network ◽  
Cooperative Partnership ◽  
The Government

Due to rapid social change, the government does not have enough resources to manage urgent situations such as natural disasters. Recently, research on cooperative disaster management systems has increased, making it possible to respond to disasters more effectively. A "policy network" model is utilized to analyze the relationships among actors, with a particular focus on actors' behavior and network structure. Key findings are as follows: First, the participants in a disaster response network include the government sector as mandated by law, and the nongovernmental sector, which represents various interest groups. Second, the interactions especially among government departments or among NGOs, are dynamic as participations frequently engage and work with each other. Interaction between other sectors, however, is relatively low. Third, the policy network tends to form conflict-ridden relationships with low credibility. The low level of credibility among other sectors created obstacles to cooperative partnership and can increase the costs of disaster management in the long term.

scholarly journals Human Response to Flood Disaster in Kandawalai in Kilinochchi District in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Yogachchandiran Yushanthi ◽  
K.W.G. Rekha Nianthi K.W.G. Rekha Nianthi
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Human Response ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government

The flood is one of the extreme weather events in the world. In Sri Lanka, it is a major natural disaster and mainly occurs in the South-West and the North-East monsoon seasons. The human response strategies are explained in the concepts of disaster management cycle in PRE and POST stages. People do not satisfactorily respond during these stages in the study area. There have been no systematic studies conducted on how people are responding before, during, and after the flood in Kandawalai. The main objective of this study was to examine the human responses in PRE flood situations (mitigation and preparedness). This study selected three GN divisions. Questionnaires, surveys, and interviews were carried out to collect primary data and information. The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. Some preparedness and mitigations were undertaken by the Disaster Management Centre (DMC) in Kilinochchi during the PRE flood stage. The community has been using very simple mitigations for minimizing floods. Only 43% of them participated in the awareness programs on how to evacuate the flood areas and how to react to the early warning system. 57% of respondents mentioned that the flood impact can be reduced through better structural mitigation strategies. 10% of the respondents recommended controlling the illegal activities of sewage disposal and soil mining in the Kanakarayan River. The PRE-flood activities should be considered by relevant stakeholders together with the community participation, but the government has the main responsible to mitigate the impacts of floods in this particular area.

scholarly journals The nexus between post conflict societies and their capacity to respond to the ebola epidemic in Mano River Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Hikimatu Tuntei-ya Mohammed ◽  
Benjamin Agordzo
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Conference Papers ◽  
State Responses

The Ebola crisis in the Mano River States and inadequate state responses to the outbreak heightened the challenges post conflict societies face during emergencies. There have been enough literature discussing the issues of Ebola especially in the Mano River Union; however, there is little discussion on the capacity of the Mano River Union to respond to the Ebola epidemic. Against this background, the study sought to investigate the nexus between post conflict societies and their capacity to respond to the Ebola epidemic in the Mano River Union. A non-empirical qualitative case study approach involving extensive review of secondary data in the form of books, journals, internet sites and conference papers was adopted.  The results showed that all the countries in the sub-region were unprepared for the outbreak. Even though some countries had disaster management divisions, none had any disaster management plans in place hence the Ebola Virus Disease and its subsequent crisis could not have been anticipated. Following the findings, a strong case has been made for countries in the sub-region to have disaster management plans and other early warning and resilient systems in place in place to reduce the scale of the outbreak and the high number of deaths.

scholarly journals Upaya Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) dalam penanggulangan bencana banjir

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Ahmad Udori ◽  
Miranti Miranti
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Management Agency ◽  
Know How ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

From the results of the author's research entitled Performance of the Regional Disaster Management Agency in Flood Disaster Management in Tebo Regency (Case Study of BPBD in Tebo Regency) as follows: Government Efforts of the Regional Disaster Management Agency in tackling Floods. Socialization Preparing for flooding This socialization was carried out for the people of the Tebo Regency Government to better know how to deal with flooding in the village. So that when the flood disaster comes the people are not surprised. Post Flood Action One of the impacts of the disaster on the declining quality of life of the population can be seen from various public health problems that occur. Disasters that are followed by displacement have the potential to cause health problems that are actually preceded by problems in other fields/sectors. Constraints faced by the government of the Tebo Regency Government in overcoming the flood disaster in Tebo Regency. Lack of funds. Funds are used in socialization activities carried out by the Government of Tebo Regency, especially BPBD KAbebo District. Because in this socialization activity requires presenters and consumption for guests and the community. But the Tebo Regency Government lacked funds in this matter. Lack of community awareness. The lack of awareness here means that in the socialization activities carried out by the Tebo Regency Government, not many people attend. Though in this socialization do is for their own interests. Not many people realize that this is important.AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat upaya yang dilakukan oleh stakeholder tertentu dalam menangani bencana banjir. Banjir adalah ancaman musiman yang terjadi apabila meluapnya tubuh air dari saluran yang ada dan menggenangi wilayah sekitarnya. Banjir merupakan ancaman alam yang paling sering terjadi dan banyak merugikan. Sungai-sungai di Indonesia 30 tahun terakhir ini mengalami peningkatan termasuk di daerah Kabupaten Tebo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di Instansi Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kabupaten Tebo. Sosialisasi Pesiapan menghadapi banjir Sosialisasi ini dilakukan untuk masyarakat Pemerintah Kabupaten Tebo supaya lebih tahu bagaimana persiapan mengahadapi banjir di kelurahan tesebut. Supaya disaat bencana banjir datang masyarakat tidak terkejut. Tindakan Pasca Banjir Salah satu dampak bencana terhadap menurunnya kualitas hidup penduduk dapat dilihat dari berbagai permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang terjadi. Kendala  yang di hadapi pemerintah Pemerintah Kabupaten Tebo dalam menanggulangi Bencna banjir di Kabupaten Tebo. Kekurangan Dana. Dana digunakan dalam kegiatan sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Tebo Khususnya BPBD Kabupaten Tebo. Karena dalam kegiatan sosialisasi ini membutuhkan pemateri dan konsumsi untuk tamu dan masyarakat. Namun pihak Pemerintah Kabupaten Tebo kekurangan dana dalam hal ini. Kurang kesadaran Masyrakat. Kurangnya kesadaran disini maksudnya adalah dalam kegiatan sosialisasi yang dilakukan Pihak Pemerintah Kabupaten Tebo masyarakat tidak banyak yang menghadiri.

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