scholarly journals “Yo Fui Negro Una Vez…Cuando Era Pobre”. Racismo Filosófico, Racionalidad Supremacista e Injusticia Epistémica

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
María L. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Epistemic Injustice ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Miranda Fricker ◽  
Made In

Este artículo propone una reflexión crítica acerca de los procesos de formación monocultural bajo el influjo actual de nuevas formas de racismo. Suscribiendo a varios de los planteamientos de Judith Butler sobre la performatividad del lenguaje injuriante (antesala de los denominados discursos de odio), se traza un recorrido por diferentes aspectos filosóficos a considerar en torno al problema del racismo. En primer lugar, se vindica la necesidad de prestar atención a las relecturas que los teóricos críticos de la raza han realizado en las últimas décadas sobre la historia de la filosofía moderna occidental. En segundo lugar, se aborda la cuestión de la desaparición de saberes (“epistemicidios”) como condición de una racionalidad supremacista, así como los diversos efectos de prácticas sociales que Miranda Fricker ha caracterizado como “injusticia epistémica”. El artículo tiene como eje tres casos ilustrativos de la lógica del desprecio que subyace a las actitudes de odio: “ser negro”, “ser migrante”, “ser pobre”. This article proposes a critical reflection on monocultural formation processes under the current influence of new forms of racism. By subscribing to several of Judith Butler´s approaches to the performativity of insulting language (a prelude to so-called hate speech), a journey through different philosophical aspects to consider around the problem of racism is traced. First, it vindicates the need to pay attention to the re-readings that critical theorists of race have made in recent decades on the history of modern Western philosophy. Second, the question of the disappearance of knowledge (“epistemicides”) as a condition of a supremacist rationality is addressed, as well as the various effects of social practices that Miranda Fricker has characterized as “epistemic injustice”. The article focuses on three illustrative cases of the logic of contempt that underlies hateful attitudes: “being black”, “being a migrant”, “being poor”.

Resisting Epistemic Injustices: Beyond Anderson’s “Imperative of Integration”

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Leon Schlüter
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Epistemic Injustice ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Epistemic Practices ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
Miranda Fricker ◽  
Elizabeth Anderson

In this paper, I take up the question of how epistemic injustices can be resisted. Miranda Fricker (2007), who introduced the term to describe situations in which subjects are wronged as knowers, has initially advocated an individualist, virtue-based account to counteract epistemic injustices. Epistemic injustices, however, do not merely operate at an individual level but are rooted in social practices and structures. Arguably therefore, individually virtuous epistemic conduct is not enough to uproot patterns of epistemic injustice. Institutional change and collective actions are needed. Recently, Elizabeth Anderson (2012) has proposed such a structural remedy. Diagnosing patterns of social segregation that track existing inequalities to be the principal structural cause of epistemic injustices, Anderson suggests that integration is required to achieve epistemic justice. Pace Anderson, I argue that certain segregated spaces —namely spaces provided by subaltern counter-publics— can function and, in fact, have historically functioned as important sites of epistemic resistance. In particular, I argue that even if integration is sharply distinguished from assimilation, Anderson’s proposal insufficiently acknowledges the subversive potential of those spaces, in which shielded from the gaze of the oppressors, marginally situated subjects can assemble and question hegemonic epistemic practices

scholarly journals From language to social practices: the discriminatory rhetoric of “good change” policy via the example of stigmatizing non-heteronormative people

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Bartosz Cudak
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Louis Althusser ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Law And Justice

The article looks at the phenomenon of discriminatory rhetoric, which today has become the main tool that excludes homosexuals. The new language of public debate, whose examples come from the public space and media or journalism, are identified with the policy of “good change” implemented since 2015 by the political party of Law and Justice. Analyzing the language of “good change”, I used the diagnoses from Katarzyna Kłosińska and Michał Rusinek. The examples described in the work additionally illustrate the causative and performative nature of discriminatory rhetoric, which contributes to the emergence of specific social practices: it turns from language into acts that threaten non-heteronormative people. The interpretation I undertook was applied using the theories of Judith Butler and Louis Althusser. Pointing to the dangerous effects of hate speech of discriminatory rhetoric, I refer to Jacques Derrida’s concept of hauntology, and I identify described examples with the fascist practices from the past.

Affective Dynamics of Excitable Speech in Milo Rau’s Breiviks Erklärung and Mitleid

Theater ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Robert Walter-Jochum
Keyword(s):  
White Woman ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Affective Dynamics ◽  
Successes And Failures

Robert Walter-Jochum reflects on the successes and failures of Milo Rau’s stage explorations of hate speech, investigating what Judith Butler terms “restaging and resignifying.” Walter-Jochum references two of Rau’s performances: Breivik’s Statement and Compassion: The History of the Machine Gun. Both pieces highlight the hypocrisy and similarities of rhetoric from right-wing terrorists and liberals with seemingly good intentions. Breivik’s Statement restages hate speech with an actor of color inverting the meaning of the speech, while Compassion restages a woman of color refugee reflecting on her childhood, while a white woman contemplates her time volunteering in the Congo. Walter-Jochum dissects each monologue, analyzing deeper meaning in Rau’s projects.

A history of botanical collections in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
P.S.M. PHIRI ◽  
D.M. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Central Africa remained botanically unknown to the outside world up to the end of the eighteenth century. This paper provides a historical account of plant explorations in the Luangwa Valley. The first plant specimens were collected in 1897 and the last serious botanical explorations were made in 1993. During this period there have been 58 plant collectors in the Luangwa Valley with peak activity recorded in the 1960s. In 1989 1,348 species of vascular plants were described in the Luangwa Valley. More botanical collecting is needed with a view to finding new plant taxa, and also to provide a satisfactory basis for applied disciplines such as ecology, phytogeography, conservation and environmental impact assessment.

Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Sweet Wine ◽  
Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

Not as It Is Written

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-100
Author(s):  
Benjamin Houston
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
International Exhibition ◽  
Black Experience ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Life ◽  
Made In

This article discusses an international exhibition that detailed the recent history of African Americans in Pittsburgh. Methodologically, the exhibition paired oral history excerpts with selected historic photographs to evoke a sense of Black life during the twentieth century. Thematically, showcasing the Black experience in Pittsburgh provided a chance to provoke among a wider public more nuanced understandings of the civil rights movement, an era particularly prone to problematic and superficial misreadings, but also to interject an African American perspective into the scholarship on deindustrializing cities, a literature which treats racism mostly in white-centric terms. This essay focuses on the choices made in reconciling these thematic and methodological dimensions when designing this exhibition.

La ética del Otro: una introducción al pensamiento de Emmanuel Lévinas

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Carlos Alvaréz Teijeiro
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Essential Question ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First Philosophy

Emmanuel Lévinas, the philosopher of ethics par excellence in the twentieth century, and by own merit one of the most important ethical philosophers in the history of western philosophy, is also the philosopher of the Other. Thereby, it can be said that no thought has deepened like his in the ups and downs of the ethical relationship between subject and otherness. The general objective of this work is to expose in a simple and understandable way some ideas that tend to be quite dark in the philosophical work of the author, since his profuse religious production will not be analyzed here. It is expected to show that his ideas about the being and the Other are relevant to better understand interpersonal relationships in times of 4.0 (re)evolution. As specific objectives, this work aims to expose in chronological order the main works of the thinker, with special emphasis on his ethical implications: Of the evasion (1935), The time and the Other (1947), From the existence to the existent (1947), Totality and infinity: An essay on exteriority (1961) and, last, Otherwise than being, or beyond essence (1974). In the judgment of Lévinas, history of western philosophy starting with Greece, has shown an unusual concern for the Being, this is, it has basically been an ontology and, accordingly, it has relegated ethics to a second or third plane. On the other hand and in a clear going against the tide movement, our author supports that ethics should be considered the first philosophy and more, even previous to the proper philosophize. This novel approach implies, as it is supposed, that the essential question of the philosophy slows down its origin around the Being in order to inquire about the Other: it is a philosophy in first person. Such a radical change of perspective generates an underlying change in how we conceive interpersonal relationships, the complex framework of meanings around the relationship Me and You, which also philosopher Martin Buber had already spoken of. As Lévinas postulates that ethics is the first philosophy, this involves that the Other claims all our attention, intellectual and emotional, to the point of considering that the relationship with the Other is one of the measures of our identity. Thus, “natural” attitude –husserlian word not used by Lévinas- would be to be in permanent disposition regarding to the meeting with the Other, to be in permanent opening state to let ourselves be questioned by him. Ontology, as the author says, being worried about the Being, has been likewise concerned about the Existence, when the matter is to concern about the particular Existent that every otherness supposes for us. In conclusion it can be affirmed that levinasian ethics of the meeting with the Other, particular Face, irreducible to the assumption, can contribute with an innovative looking to (re)evolving the interpersonal relationships in a 4.0 context.

RISHTAN SCHOOL OF CERAMICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Akmal Marozikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Ferghana Valley ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In ◽  
National Style

Ceramics is an area that has a long history of making clay bowls, bowls, plates,pitchers, bowls, bowls, bowls, pots, pans, toys, building materials and much more.Pottery developed in Central Asia in the XII-XIII centuries. Rishtan school, one of the oldest cities in the Ferghana Valley, is one of the largest centers of glazed ceramics inCentral Asia. Rishtan ceramics and miniatures are widely recognized among the peoples of the world and are considered one of the oldest cities in the Ferghana Valley. The article discusses the popularity of Rishtan masters, their products made in the national style,and works of art unique to any region

Mathematics—Application and Applicability

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Major Premise ◽  
Great Books ◽  
Applicability Of Mathematics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of Forms

To an unappreciated degree, the history of Western philosophy is the history of attempts to understand why mathematics is applicable to Nature, despite apparently good reasons to believe that it should not be. A cursory look at the great books of philosophy bears this out. Plato's Republic invokes the theory of “participation” to explain why, for instance, geometry is applicable to ballistics and the practice of war, despite the Theory of Forms, which places mathematical entities in a different (higher) realm of being than that of empirical Nature. This argument is part of Plato's general claim that theoretical learning, in the end, is more useful than “practical” pursuits. John Stuart Mill's account of the applicability of mathematics to nature is unique: it is the only one of the major Western philosophies which denies the major premise upon which all other accounts are based. Mill simply asserts that mathematics itself is empirical, so there is no problem to begin with.

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