scholarly journals Déterminants Sociotechniques De L'élevage De La Volaille Au Sein Des Concessions Dans La Commune De Bambey, Sénégal

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Abdou Khadre Fall ◽  
Thierry Daniel Tamsir Nesseim ◽  
Sokhna Diarra Ndour
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Advisory Program ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Poultry Farming

L’aviculture est une activité socio-économique très répandue et importante au Sénégal car c’est un secteur qui pourvoie des emplois. L’étude s’est déroulée auprès de 150 aviculteurs à travers une enquête formelle dans la commune de Bambey, région de Diourbel au Sénégal. Les enquêtes ont porté sur les caractéristiques socio-économiques des éleveurs, la conduite technique et économique des élevages mais aussi sur l’analyse des contraintes. Elle est constituée de 70,7% d’hommes et 29,3% de femmes dont 75% sont mariés ,19% sont célibataires et 6% sont veufs avec une moyenne d’âge de 38,6±13,5 ans. L’activité est exercée notamment par des fonctionnaires (22,7%), des étudiants (17 ,3%), des commerçants, des ménagères et des ouvriers à 14,7% pour chaque groupe. Ceux dont l’aviculture est leur activité principale ne représentent que 8%. La motivation des aviculteurs est plus qu’économique (53,3%) et passionnelle (25,3%). L’appropriation de la volaille revient à 88% des enquêtés, à 6,7% aux membres de la famille et à 4% aux enfants. Les élevages sont de type mono spécifique (52%) et plurispécifique (48%). Les espèces élevées sont les poulets (locaux et exotiques), les pigeons, les canards, les dindes, les oies, les pintades et les cailles. La quasi-totalité des éleveurs (73,3%) alimentent leurs volailles au moins une fois par jour alors que 26,7% laissent leurs animaux en divagation. La reproduction est mieux contrôlée chez les espèces de races exotiques. La vaccination est pratiquée par 64,6% des enquêtés. Les pathologies dominantes sont la maladie de Newcastle (47,6%), le parasitisme (18,4%), la variole (13,4%) et le coryza (10,3%), Les principales contraintes sont les maladies, la cherté des aliments, la chaleur, le manque de formation. Cependant, le développement de l’aviculture nécessite la mise en place d’un programme de conseil. La subvention et l’implication de tous les acteurs du système est nécessaire pour son développement.  Poultry farming is a very widespread and important socio-economic activity in Senegal because it is a sector that provides jobs. The study involved 150 poultry farmers through a formal survey in the commune of Bambey, Diourbel region in Senegal. The surveys focused on the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, the technical and economic management of the farms, and the analysis of constraints. It is made up of 70.7% men and 29.3% women, 75% of whom are married, 19% are single and 6% are widowed, with an average age of 38.6±13.5 years. The activity is carried out by civil servants (22.7%), students (17.3%), shopkeepers, householders and workers (14.7% for each group). Those whose main activity is poultry farming represent only 8%. The motivation of poultry farmers is more than economic (53.3%) and passionate (25.3%). The ownership of the animals belongs to 88% of the respondents, 6.7% to family members and 4% to children. The farms are mono-specific (52%) and multi-specific (48%). The species raised are chickens (local and exotic), pigeons, ducks, turkeys, geese, guinea fowl and quails. Almost all farmers (73.3%) feed their poultry at least once a day while 26.7% let their animals roam. Reproduction is better controlled in exotic breeds. Vaccination is practiced by 64.6% of respondents. The dominant diseases are Newcastle disease (47.6%), parasitism (18.4%), smallpox (13.4%) and coryza (10.3%). The main constraints are diseases, the high cost of food, heat and lack of training. However, the development of poultry farming requires the establishment of an advisory program. The subsidy and involvement of all the actors in the system is necessary for its development.

scholarly journals An Economical Impact of Newcastle Disease Outbreaks in Various Commercial Broiler Chicken Farms During 2020-21 in Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
A. Kalaria K. S. Prajapati ◽  
B. B. Javia A. R. Bhadaniya ◽  
D. T. Fefar A. Vagh ◽  
B. J. Trangadiya R. J. Padodara ◽  
K. N. Mokaria T. R. Kumbhani
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Tremendous Impact ◽  
Poultry Farming

Among the disease challenge, the Newcastle disease (ND) is the second most deadly viral infection and considered a very serious problem for poultry production in many countries. Outbreaks of the ND have a tremendous impact on the backyard as well as intensively reared commercial poultry farming and are considered as an unending agony of poultry farmers. During the study was observed that currently circulating NDV is viscerotropicvelogenic in nature and responsible for the outbreaks recorded in most of the vaccinated sampled commercial broiler farms which ultimately resulted in a huge economical impact on poultry farmers.

NATURAL RESOURCES AND RENTAL PAYMENTS: DIFFERENTIATION OF THE CONCEPTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Galina Titarenko ◽  
Oleksandra Titarenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
National Tax ◽  
Favorable Conditions

In the article the issue of concepts of natural resource rent and rent payment differentiation is actualized. It is stated that rent payment can be considered only that payment, which is made from entrepreneurial profit in the amount, which is caused by the difference between its normal level and surplus. The main criteria for rent payment are the following: it is shown as part of the entrepreneur's income. If you do not expect to receive entrepreneurial income, then such a payment can not be considered as rent. Then it is only a payment for the use of a resource in an economic activity, that is, a fee (formed at a cost approach or as a result of market equilibrium mechanisms) or a levy (quasi-fiscal fiscal payment of a permissive nature, that is, a fiscal levy), or a license fee for the use of a resource; it is paid not for the fact of using the resource in economic activity, but for receiving excess entrepreneurial income for the labor and capital expended because of more favorable conditions than other entrepreneurs. If there is no such excess profit, then the rent payment cannot be considered as it does not have an excess, rent component. It is noted that the rent payment today is a payment for the use of the resource or property rights tax, instead of fully removing the rent from the user's income. It is pointed out the need to revise the terminology used in the tax legislation, to clearly distinguish between concepts and, accordingly, fiscal instruments, such as: the fee for the special use of the resource, which is compensatory, compensatory and unconditionally paid by the natural resource for the involvement of the natural resource in its economic management and use economic purposes; the object of taxation is actually the resource (its quality, quantity), and the fact that determines the fiscal obligation is the exploitation of the resource by the user; tax, which is of a general nature and is paid by the owner of the taxable resource, whether or not the resource is used in business and income generation; rent (payment), which should be deducted from entrepreneurial profits in order to remove the income earned by an entrepreneur from his or her certain advantages over other entrepreneurs of the industry or business sector due to more favorable conditions than other business entities. Amendments to the national tax legislation need to be made to clearly define the terminology and appropriate mechanisms for applying these fiscal instruments in the economic activity of the state, which will, on the one hand, effectively tax property and apply a mechanism for levying resources to offset environmental costs, and the other is to fully remove from the entrepreneurs the rents they have earned for government purposes.

scholarly journals Social position of persons with disabilities in and out of residential institution

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
Milan Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Residential Settings ◽  
Almost All

The 2011 Census in the Republic of Serbia introduced, for the first time questions about difficulties in functioning, following the Recommendations from the Washington Group on Disability Statistics. Since there are no stable and continuous sources on the position of persons with disabilities in Serbia, the Census results may be used as a relevant source on disability measurement. Of course, due to the main goal of census disability measurement, and that is a general identification of disability in population, these results should be employed with certain reservations and carefully, especially because of some methodological specification in approaching disability. The main use of census data on disability should be found in evaluating the "equality of opportunity" in relevant areas, such as economic activity (labour and employment), education, living sources, etc. and this is to be achieved mainly through comparison between the values in the general population and population with disabilities. Having done that, we were able to conclude on visible inequality of opportunities between the general and population with disabilities. These discrapancies are indeed evident first in the area of education-especially in accessing elementary education, where the percentage of persons with disabilities that never attended school is extremely high (12.2% v. 2.68% in general population). The unfavourable status of persons with disabilities in the context of education continues in almost all levels of education. An even more obvious inequality of opportunity is present in the area of economic activity, where the prevalence of inactive persons with disability is very high - almost 90%. Having gone through all the age categories, what becomes abvious is a significantly lower activity among all age groups in comparison to the same groups in general population. However, the main goal of this article was to detect the discrapancies existing between the position of persons with disabilities that live in the community and those living in institutional settings - institutions for collective housing. In both areas of education and economic activity, the results tell us very much about a much more problematic status of those living in residential settings. Overall, the access to education is much lower with residents, making an even more negative picture about this smaller group of persons with disabilities in Serbia. In the area of economic activity, the percentage of economically active persons with disabilities in residential settings does not climb to one percent (0.30% excluding the homes for adults and the elderly), which is indeed a worrying situation. Having in mind well known facts on the effects of institutionalization of persons with disabilities in terms of almost all their rights and freedoms, the results that we have encountered are to confirm a negative status of those living in residential settings. Experiences of discrimination, marginalization, segregation and exclusion are evident in the census results. Even if one tries to focus only on analyzing the equality of opportunity in the given context, in comparison with the general population, or even only with the contingent of persons with disabilities out of the residential settings, those living in institutions in Serbia are seriously suffering from lack of access to education, training, labour market and other important areas of life and social functioning. In addition, a potentially relevant insight has been made into the correlation of the type of problem and the status within economic activity and education of persons with disabilities in Serbia. The results confirm that those persons identified through census questions that aim at detecting problems of mental health (intellectual and psycho-social disability) are in the least favourable position in both of the observed areas. Such conclusions should also be connected to a specifically problematic social inclusion and acceptance of those with mental health problems and the extremely high burden of social stigma towards them, combined with the long-going practice of exclusion and discrimination (legal capacity, education, employability, etc.).

Is the Future ‘Regional’ for Global Standards?

10.1068/a3794 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2053-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame F Thompson
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Future

The paper concerns the formation of standard setting in respect to international economic activity. A number of different forms of standard setting are discussed, but the analysis is concentrated upon the macro context for this process. In this paper I review the issue of the convergence in institutional design and systemic patterns of economic activity as global standards are pressed onto the governance framework for international economic management. However, the analysis suggests that the international economy is developing along a distinct path towards supranational regional bloc formations rather than towards an ever more global pattern. The consequences of this shaping of the international economy for the processes of standard setting in a number of different contexts are discussed.

The impact of COVID-19 on oncologists: Experience from Egyptian physicians.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13514-e13514
Author(s):  
Abeid Mohamed Athman Omar ◽  
Marwa Ramadan ◽  
Yomna Khamis ◽  
Abdelsalam A. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Burnout Rate ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

e13514 Background: The unprecedented emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has disrupted the patients' and physicians' daily activities, including cancer care. However, little is known on how COVID-19 has impacted oncologists from low and middle-income countries. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among eighty-eight practicing oncologists in Alexandria governorate, Egypt. An electronic, anonymized self-reporting survey was distributed in February 2020 to collect information on occupational safety measures, the prevalence of COVID-19 among respondents, workload, and family support during the pandemic Results: Out of 88 contacted oncologists, 75% completed the survey (n=66). Nearly half (45%) of respondents were residents, 36% were specialists, and 18% were consultants. The mean age of respondents was 34.79 years (SD ±10.42). More than half of the respondents were not comfortable managing cancer patients during the pandemic (56%) and did not feel well-protected at the workplace (58%). However, most (79%) had managed a cancer patient with COVID-19 more than once. Furthermore, almost all participants (98%) have worked with an infected colleague. Nevertheless, to more than half (54%), it made no difference working with a colleague who was previously infected. Most physicians (79%) felt overwhelmed with workload than the pre-pandemic period. Despite being COVID-19 negative, nearly half reported their family members had reduced contact with them due to the fear of being infected. In contrast, 24% are now getting more family support, whereas 27% are experiencing the same contact level as before the COVID-19 era. Physicians lacking family support had a significantly higher burnout rate than those who had family support (p=0.038). However, the burnout rate was similar regardless of doctors' rank, or treating COVID-19 patients, or feeling protected at work. The majority of the participants (75%) had experienced COVID-19 like symptoms, and one third (n=21) were confirmed COVID-19 infected: residents - 52%, specialists - 33%, and consultants - 14%. Nevertheless, we found no association between the rank and being infected with COVID-19 (p=0.632). Most participants thought they were infected at the hospital (38% by patients; 24% by colleagues), and 14% by family members. However, there was no significant association between being infected and feeling protected at work (p=0.823). Most of the infected physicians (61%) received moral support from both the family and colleagues, and 33% received family support only. There was no association between burnout rate and being COVID-19 infected (p=0.719). Conclusions: One-third of the oncologists were COVID-19 positive. Besides, most oncologists feel overwhelmed with workload and experience more burnout than before the COVID-19 era, and it worsens if one lacks family support.

Characteristics of commercial and traditional village poultry farming in Mali with a focus on practices influencing the risk of transmission of avian influenza and Newcastle disease

Acta Tropica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Molia ◽  
Idrissa Traoré ◽  
Badian Kamissoko ◽  
Adama Diakité ◽  
Maimouna Sanogo Sidibé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Poultry Farming

scholarly journals Expert System for Poultry Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Oye N. D. ◽  
Jemimah N.
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Software Framework ◽  
Local Host ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Waterfall Model ◽  
Poultry Farming

This research is aimed at developing a Software Framework for poultry management with the objectives: To provide poultry farmers with expert knowledge from the comfort of their homes. The system is developed using generic iterative waterfall model as methodology, HTML, CSS, JavaScript and Bootstrap for graphical user interface. PHP is used as programming language and MySQL as DBMS and normalization technique. The system is hosted locally for validation and testing on Xampp local host. The researchers recommended Poultry farmers to adopt and use the software framework because it can give knowledge on how to manage poultry expert system of different categories in poultry farming.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pulmonary Mucormycosis among Poultry Farmers in Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dayok O
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pulmonary Mucormycosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Poultry Farming

This research titled Incidence of Pulmonary Mucormycosis among Poultry Farmers in Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State was aimed at determining the number of Poultry Farmers who are infected with pulmonary mucormycosis. Sputum from 100 Poultr y Farmers was investigated by cultivation on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar containing antibiotics and examined for fungi. Fungal identification was carried out by direct microscopy and colony morphology using the Papanicolau stain, standard mycological stains and reagents. Consent was obtained from the participants and questionnaires were used to obtain their Bio - data. Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version - 25 software was used for Chi - Square and t - test analyses of the research findings. A total of 6 (6.0%) persons were infected with Mucor, other fungi were isolated in 14 (28%) of the farmers. Abnormal squamous epithelial cells were seen in 24 (48%) and inflammatory cells in 11 (22%) of farmers. Mucor was not isolated from the sputum of Pers ons with mean duration in years of poultry farming activities of 2.5 years and 6.5 years while those with 18.5 and 22.5 years had 2 (%) rate of infection each. Infection with mucor in relation to years of poultry farming was statistically significant,  2 (5) = 16.31, p ≤ 0.05. There was however no significant difference in abnormal substances found in the sputum of males (M = 4.61, SD = 2.05) and the sputum obtained from females (M = 4.33, SD = 1.83); t (109) = 0.742, p = 0.460. There is need for farmers t o regularly use face mask to avoid inhalation of dust. Environmental sanitation should be regularly carried out so as to reduce wastes which serve as breeding ground for fungi. There is also the need for Farmers to also engage in routine medical checkups.

scholarly journals Anatomy of Economic Activity There are Two Main Flows

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Bernard Lonergan ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Heterodox Economics ◽  
Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽  
Drexel University ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Great Damage

I draw attention to an economic theory discovered in the 1930’s by the Canadian scholar Bernard Lonergan (1904-1984). At the time, Lonergan was unable to find an economist to read his manuscripts. Eventually, however, his results were published in For a New Political Economy (Lonergan 1998); and Macroeconomic Dynamics: An Essay in Circulation Analysis (Lonergan, 1999), volumes 21 and 15 of the Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan. Volume 21 contains almost all of Lonergan’s typewritten work on economics prior to and including the 1944 Essay in Circulation Analysis. Lonergan’s theory, however, remains largely unknown to both orthodox and heterodox economics. Within the contemporary ethos, economic models typically are remote from actual economic activities in cities, towns and people’s lives. Lonergan’s theory, by contrast, begins with economic activities. It builds on a key observation that there are not just “firms and households” but two functionally distinct types of firm. Businesses can and often do function in both ways, depending on transactions. Orthodox economics has been causing great damage to world cultures and ecosystems. Attempts to merely adjust mainstream models have proven ineffective. Within heterodox economics there has been a growing interest in finding a viable alternative. This paper gives a brief introduction to the alternative provided by Bernard Lonergan’s two-flow theory. It is a theory that will ground the possibility of effective and humane strategies for local and global economies. Elements of this paper were originally presented at the International Confederation of Associations for Pluralism in Economics (ICAPE), January 4th, 2018, Drexel University in Philadelphia.

scholarly journals Drug resistance profile and clonality of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Cape Verde: The 2017 malaria outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvânia da Veiga Leal ◽  
Daniel Ward ◽  
Susana Campino ◽  
Ernest Diez Benavente ◽  
Amy Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Cape Verdean ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Drug Resistance Profile ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Cape Verde is an archipelago located off the West African coast, and is in a pre-elimination phase of malaria control. Since 2010, less than 20 Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases have been reported annually, except in 2017, when an outbreak in Praia before the rainy season led to 423 autochthonous cases. It is important to understand the genetic diversity of circulating P. falciparum to inform on drug resistance, potential transmission networks, and sources of infection, including parasite importation.Methods Enrolled subjects involved malaria patients admitted to Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital at Praia city, Santiago island, Cape Verde, between July and October 2017. Neighbours and family members of enrolled cases were assessed for the presence of anti-P. falciparum antibodies. Sanger sequencing and real time PCR was used to identify SNPs in genes associated with drug resistance (e.g. pfdhfr, pfdhps, pfmdr1, pfk13, pfcrt), and whole genome sequencing data was generated to investigate the population structure of P. falciparum parasites.Results We analysed 190 parasite samples, 187 indigenous and three from imported infections. Malaria cases were distributed throughout Praia city. There were no cases of severe malaria, and all patients had an adequate clinical and parasitological response after treatment. Anti-P. falciparum antibodies were not detected in the 137 neighbours and family members tested. No mutations were detected in pfdhps. The triple mutation S108N/N51I/C59R in pfdhfr and the chloroquine resistant CVIET haplotype in the pfcrt gene were detected in almost all samples. Variations in pfk13 were identified in only one sample (R645T, E668K). The haplotype NFD for pfmdr1 was detected in the majority of samples (89.7%).Conclusions Polymorphisms in pfk13 associated with ACTs tolerance in Southeast Asia were not detected, but the majority of the tested samples carried the pfmdr1 haplotype NFD and antimalarial associated mutations in the the pfcrt and pfdhfr genes. We performed the first WGS for Cape Verdean parasites that showed that the samples cluster together, have a very high level of similarity and are close to other parasites populations from West Africa.

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