scholarly journals Soil quality indicators of arable lands in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-67
Author(s):  
V. S. Stolbovoy ◽  
A. M. Grebennikov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
The Russian Federation

The study presents three groups of Soil Quality Indicators (SQI) of arable lands in the Russian Federation, such as agroclimate conditions, soil parameters and negative soil characteristics. The selection of SQI meets the requirements of the crop growth model for calculating the standard crop yield. The application of SQI in the Grain Equivalent Model allows ranking quality of the soils of agricultural lands in the country. The share of the best quality Chernozems with the standard yield of grain crops exceeding 4 t/ha is about 10%. At the same time, arable Chernozems occupy nearly 66% of total area of agricultural lands. More than 74% of the arable lands including podzolized and leached Chernozems in the northern part and Chernozems southern in the southern part of the agricultural zone are characterized by medium quality with the standard yield of grain crops 2-4 t/ha. About 10% of the arable land occupied by Chestnut solonetzic and saline soils are of poorer quality with the standard yield of grain crops less than 1 t/ha. The proposed indicators are included in the government programs for valuating and monitoring the quality of agricultural lands. The universal validity of indicators is a basis for the development of a new generation of standards for the protection and rational use of soils based on modern digital technologies and GIS approaches.

scholarly journals Physical soil quality indicators for monitoring British soils

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Corstanje ◽  
Theresa Mercer ◽  
Jane R. Rickson ◽  
Lynda K. Deeks ◽  
Paul Newell-Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Soil Monitoring ◽  
Soil Water Retention

Abstract. The condition or quality of soils determines its ability to deliver a range of functions that support ecosystem services, human health and wellbeing. The increasing policy imperative to implement successful soil monitoring programmes has resulted in the demand for reliable soil quality indicators (SQIs) for physical, biological and chemical soil properties. The selection of these indicators needs to ensure that they are sensitive and responsive to pressure and change e.g. they change across space and time in relation to natural perturbations and land management practices. Using a logical sieve approach based on key policy-related soil functions, this research assessed whether physical soil properties can be used to indicate the quality of British soils in terms of its capacity to deliver ecosystem goods and services. The resultant prioritised list of physical SQIs were tested for robustness, spatial and temporal variability and expected rate of change using statistical analysis and modelling. Six SQIs were prioritised; packing density, soil water retention characteristics, aggregate stability, rate of erosion, depth of soil and soil sealing. These all have direct relevance to current and likely future soil and environmental policy and are appropriate for implementation in soil monitoring programs.

scholarly journals Organic Residues and Ammonium Effects on CO2 Emissions and Soil Quality Indicators in Limed Acid Tropical Soils

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Bramble ◽  
Gregory Gouveia ◽  
Ravindra Ramnarine
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Aglime (agricultural lime), commonly applied to acid soils to increase the soil pH and productivity, may lead to the release of CO2 into the atmosphere or to carbon (C) sequestration, although the processes involved are not fully understood. As large acreages of arable land are limed annually, exploring soil management practices that reduce aglime-induced CO2 emissions from acid soils while maintaining or improving the soil quality is paramount to mitigating the effects of global climate change. This study, therefore, assessed the effects of organic residues and ammonium on CO2 emissions and soil quality indicators in two limed soils. Two contrasting acid soils (Nariva series, Mollic Fluvaquents and Piarco series, Typic Kanhaplaquults) were amended with varying combinations of aglime (0% and 0.2% w/w CaCO3), organic residue (0% and 5% w/w biochar or poultry litter), and NH4-N (0% and 0.02% w/w) and were incubated in 300 mL glass jars for 31 days. The sampling for CO2 was performed on 11 occasions over the course of the incubation, while soil sampling was conducted at the end. The results indicate that aglime application significantly (p < 0.05) increased the cumulative CO2 emissions in all cases except with the addition of poultry litter. Alternatively, ammonium did not regulate the effect of aglime on CO2 emissions, which was l because of the low rate at which it was applied in comparison to aglime. The results also showed that poultry litter significantly (p < 0.05) increased the soil electrical conductivity (EC), available nitrogen (N), and pH, especially in the Piarco soil, while the hardwood biochar had little to no effect on the soil properties. Our findings indicate the potential for utilizing poultry litter to reduce the impact of aglime on CO2 emissions while improving the soil quality. Further studies utilizing 13C to trace aglime CO2 emissions are, however, required to identify the mechanism(s) that contributed to this reduction in the emissions.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Condition of Reclaimed Agricultural Lands in the Russian Federation

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Vera L. Snezhko ◽  
Dmitriy M. Benin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Management ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
The Russian Federation

Water reclamation contributes to a guaranteed increase in the yield of agricultural lands and can also negatively affect the quality of the land. Technical malfunction of reclamation systems, outdated reclamation technologies, poor water quality, and untimely drainage may result in such negative processes as resalting and bogging. In Russia, state monitoring of reclaimed lands is carried out annually and obtained data are used to identify soil degradation and pollution to fix the problems at the appropriate times. The Russian economic crisis at the end of the last century affected the state of the reclaimed lands. The authors have analyzed the reclamation state of agricultural lands in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the period between 2010 and 2020. The entities have been classified according to the reclamation state of lands located within their territories. The authors have evaluated the structural changes over the past decade and analyzed their causes. The research results can help solve the problems of federal and regional management of reclaimed lands. They are also applicable to solving the problems of choosing priority areas of investment policy to preserve soil fertility.

Risks and economic security of the life support system of citizens in the field of housing and communal services

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-191
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Support System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Security System ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article analyzes the problems of the manifestation of risks of shadow and criminal activity in the life support system of citizens of the Russian Federation, the dissemination of which requires the development of effective measures to prevent and eliminate them. The most important issue is the formation of an effective economic security system with an emphasis on the new quality of life support for citizens of the Russian Federation in an adequate combination with the high growth rate of NTP in the Russian economy. The new technological structure emerging from the new achievements of scientific and technological progress involves the harmonization of the pace of scientific and technological development, combined with an adequate improvement in the quality of life support for citizens performing such achievements. Owing to this fact formation of new quality of the housing and communal services (HCS) as bases of life support of citizens becomes a prerequisite of increase in performance and intellectualization of human work. With this in mind, early recognition, prevention and elimination of risks of shadow and criminal activities in the housing and communal services system (housing and communal services) is considered as a significant mechanism to increase the effectiveness of the system of comfortable life support for citizens of the Russian Federation. The existing lag in the development of a high-quality and comfortable system for providing citizens of Russia on the basis of housing and communal services, the subject of which is the provision of quality and comfortable services, influenced by numerous risks of shadow and criminal influence, becomes a condition for intensifying economic development and increasing labor productivity on this basis. The need to develop and use modern scientific and technical achievements, especially in the field of digitalization, is emphasized in order to increase the efficiency of the economic security system of housing and communal services organizations based on innovative control mechanisms - internal control, audit, compliance control, taking into account financial investigations in order to prevent and eliminate the risks of shadow and criminal activities in the housing and communal services system.

Assessing the quality of public health in the Russian Federation and Israel: Main problems and solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-632
Author(s):  
A.S. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Subject. The article addresses the public health in the Russian Federation and Israel. Objectives. The focus is on researching the state of public health in Russia and Israel, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project methodology, identifying problem areas and searching for possible ways to improve the quality of health of the Russian population based on the experience of Israel. Methods. The study draws on the ideology of the GBD project, which is based on the Disability-Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) metric. Results. The paper reveals the main causes of DALY losses and important risk factors for cancer for Russia and Israel. The findings show that the total DALY losses for Russia exceed Israeli values. The same is true for cancer diseases. Conclusions. Activities in Israel aimed at improving the quality of public health, the effectiveness of which has been proven, can serve as practical recommendations for Russia. The method of analysis, using the ideology of the GBD project, can be used as a tool for quantitative and comparative assessment of the public health.

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

Quality of laboratory tests as a basic component of treatment effectiveness

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Tamara Silkina ◽  
Olga Petrova
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Basic Component ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents analysis of modern laboratory technologies and requirements for the quality of laboratory tests in the Russian Federation. Basic rules that improve the quality of laboratory tests at the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical stage are studied on the example of tests in the Laboratory Hemotest. The optimal list of laboratory tests used in the practice of a general practitioner and organizational options for performing laboratory tests, the features of the process that affect the speed of obtaining a result by a doctor in an outpatient setting and in hospital, are presented.

EVALUATION OF SOIL QUALITY INDICATORS BY A PARTICIPATORY METHOD IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN SOUTHERN BAHIA, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Antônio W. O. Rocha Junior ◽  
Guilherme A. H. A. Loureiro ◽  
Quintino R. Araujo ◽  
George A. Sodré ◽  
Arlicélio Q. Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Southern Bahia ◽  
Participatory Method
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