scholarly journals BIOGRAPHICAL AND SPATIOTEMPORAL PROTOTYPES: “HOMAGE TO SWITZERLAND” AS AN INTERSECTION OF HEMINGWAY’S LIFE AND EINSTEINIAN RELATIVITY

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-312
Author(s):  
Sergej Macura
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The Third ◽  
Starting Point

The paper approaches Ernest Hemingway’s short story “Homage to Switzerland” from two perspectives: biographical and relativistic, as the author inscribed some of his own experiences into this work of fiction, and he was also acquainted with Albert Einstein’s fundamental ideas of time and space being relative depending on the experimenter’s position. The first part discusses the biographical basis of the story and some possible intersecting points between the empirical author and his characters, as one is a degrading misogynist, the other is going through a divorce, and the third man’s father shot himself. The second part focuses on the tripartite construction of the text, whose settings are three interchangeable Swiss towns with conspicuously similar participants in failed conversations. Drawing on Michael Reynolds’s analysis of this story as an experiment in relativity, the paper scrutinises the paradoxical time references which proliferate towards the ending and concludes that there is no dominant time frame. It also includes an experiment based on special relativity, with the train as the main cause of events in the text. Finally, the paper proposes a new starting point in the reading of this story: the third section is the only one that opens in Stanzel’s authorial, not figural narrative situation.

The ‘Nation’ and the ‘Other’: A Study in Difference

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Sarvani Gooptu
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Rewriting History ◽  
Historical Function ◽  
Cultural Connotations

The transition from patriotism and sense of community to the creation of the distinct political community in early twentieth century was through an imaginative interpretation of history in the writing of Dwijendralal Roy (1863–1913), a poet, dramatist and composer of Bengal. Imagination through creative ‘use’ of history had been directed to underline the location of time and space of an emotive community. By this, one could retrieve, criticize and create this emotion through time and space, its definitiveness continuously shifting, evolving, through family, country and community. In the process of creating a nation the notion of the ‘other’ was necessary. This other with all its cultural connotations was found in the stereotypes of ‘Muslim’ and ‘Islam’ in opposition to ‘Rajput’ and ‘Hindu’. It is through these oppositional levels and the interplay of these oppositions that a new nation state could be formed. The notion of Muslim rule as the external enemy was created whose historical function was to provide the occasion for a heroic battle in which virtue could be highlighted. Even within this tradition of writing Dwijendralal brought in a strong note of moderation. There is neither a very powerful tendency to praise everything ‘Hindu’, nor look down upon Islam, which sometimes created apparent contradiction. Where there is valourization of the Rajputs in the ‘Rajputs plays’ it has been placed in the context of the Mughals as the ‘other’. But in the study of the Mughals in the ‘Mughal plays’ there is a concentration on the family and kinship. Both the types are set in about the same time frame yet the values stressed on are different. An analysis of Dwijendralal’s ‘historical’ plays brings into focus an attempt at rewriting history to transcend history as a discipline with its boundaries of time and space, intertwining facts and imagination, through real and created characters to establish the need for a universal ethos.

The Development of Embossed Goldwork in Bronze Age Europe

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Needham
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Parallel Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Third Millennium Bc ◽  
Craft Skills

The discovery of a pair of armlets from Lockington and the re-dating of the Mold cape, add substance to a tradition of embossed goldworking in Early Bronze Age Britain. It is seen to be distinct in morphology, distribution and decoration from the other previously defined traditions of goldworking of the Copper and Early Bronze Ages, which are reviewed here. However, a case is made for its emergence from early objects employing ‘reversible relief to execute decoration and others with small-scale corrugated morphology. Emergence in the closing stages of the third millennium BC is related also to a parallel development in the embossing of occasional bronze ornaments. Subsequent developments in embossed goldwork and the spread of the technique to parts of the Continent are summarized. The conclusions address the problem of interpreting continuity of craft skills against a very sparse record of relevant finds through time and space.

scholarly journals Obserwator i jego pozycja w opowiadaniu Tadeusza Borowskiego „Odwiedziny”

LingVaria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Wnuk
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
The Third ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Literary Output

The Observer and His Position in Tadeusz Borowski’s Short Story Odwiedziny (‘The Visit’) The article is an analysis of Tadeusz Borowski’s short story Odwiedziny (‘The visit’). It focuses on linguistic and narrative devices through which the speaker influences the recipient’s perception, and so shapes the reading of his work. The first part is introductory, it presents the goals of the paper. The next part recalls the most important existing interpretations, both of Borowski’s literary output as a whole, and of the text at hand. They form the starting point to an analysis of the position of the character-narrator with regard to the events he is describing, and to the relation between the author, the narrator, and the main character of the story. These considerations constitute the third part of the present paper. It begins with a citation of the full text of the story, and is followed by the main argument announced in the title which refers to Ronald Langacker’s cognitive grammar and takes into special consideration such notions as scene, current discourse space, and vantage point. The closing part of the paper contains conclusions, contrasted with the theses put forward in the context of Borowski’s work, as well as suggestions of possible directions of further analysis of the story within the framework of cognitive linguistics.

Absolute parallelism and metric in the expanding universe theory

1935 ◽  
Vol 151 (873) ◽  
pp. 357-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. McVittie ◽  
Edmund Taylor Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Expanding Universe ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Relativistic Model ◽  
Fundamental Notion ◽  
Absolute Parallelism ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of

In the existing theories of the expanding universe, the idea of metric or, alternatively, that of distance between two non-neighbouring points is taken as the starting-point. Thus in general relatively metric is the basis. When the metric is found and it is required to compare the predictions of theory with observation, further definitions, giving rise to different kinds of distance, must be made. On the other hand, Milne takes a definition of distance as the basis of his theory. This definition involves two assumptions. Firstly, it is supposed that observers only use the time-measures of their clocks by which to define distance, and secondly they define it is an special relativity. In each relativistic model there is therefore some ambiguity as to what is meant by distance, whilst Milne’s theory is open to the objection that there is no reason why observers should, in fact, adopt his definition of distance. The question therefore arises: up to what point is it possible to construct a theory of the mechanics of the expanding universe without using the ideas of metric and distance at all? We attempt to provide an answer by employing the theory of absolute or distant parallelism, so that we substitute the idea of direction for that of metric (or of distance) as the fundamental notion. The resulting theory is similar to that of Milne and its generalization recently proposed, but differs from them in the use of non-metrical equations. When metric and distance are eventually introduced, their function is merely to interpret, and not to obtain, formulae already found by non-metrical methods. A physical picture of the situation we wish to deal with is as follows. Consider a hydrodynamical fluid consisting of non-interacting particles in a state of continuous flux. We suppose that in this fluid there is a set of observers moving with it and making measurements of the state of the fluid around them. These observers make similar kinds of measurements. Each observer finds that the fluid recedes from him with a velocity proportional to distance from himself, as in the system of the spiral nebulae regarded as forming a “fluid”.

scholarly journals Presenting the Era (Masa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Aji Dedi Mulawarman
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand

This article aims to present a concept of era based on the Qur'anic idea of Al-Ashr. At the first presence, era, whether at historical level, or transcending it, has never escape holiness, as time and space where sacred moral act is always present. At the second presence, era is, in essence, holiness as a reality of being, reality of existence, and presence, where the entire range of the past, present and future is no longer important, even lost, but is a reality that is present in the era without era. At the third presence, holiness, on the other hand, must be historical for the task of the public in the name of love for God, which is part of the deepest consciousness of every human being and human relations where the past, present and future move historically in space and time. At the fourth presence, the real man is thus a man who always purifies his soul without pause in the historical space of time, even beyond it. At the fifth presence, the act of “so be it” (kun fayakun) of God exists, time exists throughout the span of time without any preconditions or constructions based on His commandments (namely Ibn Arabi Bipolar Triplisity).

scholarly journals On spatial fragmentisers as temporal localisation markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Julija Sapic
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Linguistic Representation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Temporal Function

The paper discusses the subsystem of spatial fragmentisers (PF) as temporal localisation markers in Russian and Serbian. PF have been defined by previous research as inseparable intangible parts of spatial units and considered in concrete-spatial frameworks based on the theory of semantic localisations; according to this theory, PF perform the function of a concretising orienteer in the situation of intralocalisation. In this paper, we analyse their temporal function and refer to them as temporal fragmentisers. The structure of PF, essentially spatial and formed of equipollent and privative semantic oppositions, and the inventory of PF units are modified in terms of temporality, in accordance with the conceptualisation and linguistic representation of the category of time. According to their function, PF are conditionally classified into three groups: the first one - equally represented in the categories of space and time (do nacala / pre pocetka, do konca / do kraja); the second - typically temporal with a clear spatial etymology (po okoncaniju / po zavrsetku) and the third - specifically temporal, but structurally similar to PF in characterisation (za vremja / za vreme, v tecenie / u toku). From the aspect of the structure of semantic oppositions, PF appear within the lexicon of the functional-semantic field of temporality mainly within the anthropocentric range ?centre - periphery? (nacalo, seredina, konec / pocetak, sredina, kraj). The meanings of the oppositions ?up - down?, ?in front of - behind? and ?far - near? are realised in conceptual metaphors of time by units of isofunctional spatial subsystems (adverbial, adjectival, etc.). The PF subsystem, which is partially reduced in this sense (compared to the spatial one) due to the conceptualisation of time, on the other hand, becomes enriched with the instruments expressing the sense of durability. In addition, there is wide field of overlap with other isofunctional grammatical-syntactic categories, e.g., prepositions and conjunctions (v tecenie / u toku, tokom; vo vremja / u vreme; do teh por poka; s teh por kak; v to vremja kak etc.). Bilingual examples illustrate the isomorphism of the categories of time and space in both languages and reveal a well-developed PF subsystem, whose intricate intrasystemic and intersystemic links become distinctly noticeable through interlingual comparison.

scholarly journals DESCRIPCIÓN DEL HÁBITO ALIMENTARIO DE DOCE ESPECIES DE PECES ASOCIADOS A LA CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dáninso Gámez Barrera ◽  
Eliana Morón Granados ◽  
Juan Fuentes Reines
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fish Predators ◽  
Mugil Incilis

Changes in food composition of 12 species of fishes from the southeastern part of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia were evaluated; a total of 2035 individuals were sampled. Significant changes in food composition with size, time and space were observed, mainly in Ariopsis sp., Cathorops mapale, Lycengraulis batesii, Astyanax magdalenae, and Aequidens pulcher. Regarding diet similarity between species, two main groups were observed. The first one was divided in three subgroups: one characterized by fish foraging on insects and zooplankton is composed by A. magdalenae and Roeboides dayi; the second one is composed by the generalists Ariopsis sp., L. batesii, and A. pulcher, and the third one by fish predators Caquetaia kraussii and C. mapale. The other group was characterized by fish feeding on phytoplankton and in a lower proportion on detritus and zooplankton (Oreochromis niloticus, Mugil incilis, M. liza, and M. curema) or on detritus (Cyphocharax magdalenae).

scholarly journals HEGEMONI WACANA KOLONIAL DALAM CERPEN “MEREKA BILANG, SAYA MONYET” KARYA DJENAR MAHESA AYU: KAJIAN PASCAKOLONIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Iwan Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand

Hegemoni merupakan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh penjajah untuk melanggengkan kekuasaannya. Dengan hegemoni tersebut, penjajah akan terus menjadi dominan terhadap kaum terjajah. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis berusaha mengelaborasi tentang bentuk dan model hegemoni wacana kolonial yang terdapat dalam cerpen mereka bilang, saya monyet karya Djenar Mahesa Ayu dengan menggunakan teori pascakolonial.  Adapun teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis cerpen tersebut adalah konsep pascakolonial Homi K. Bhabha, yaitu tentang stereotype, mimicry dan hibriditas. Ketiga konsep tersebut dilakukan untuk melanggengkan hegemoni kolonial terhadap kaum terjajah. Kecemasan kolonial terhadap negara jajahan mendorong mereka untuk selalu berbagai upaya untuk meyakinkan pengaruh kolonial terhadap negara jajahan. Salah satu bentuk keyakinan tersebut adalah dengan menanamkan wacana kolonial dengan terus-menerus (repetition). Berdasarkan dari hasil analisis pada cerpen mereka bilang, saya monyet, peneliti menemukan bahwa hegemoni wacana kolonial dilakukan dengan cara penanaman identitas terhadap tokoh saya yang dianggap sebagai kelompok minoritas. Di sisi lain, peniruan yang dilakukan oleh tokoh saya merupakan upaya untuk mendapatkan pengakuan sebagai subjek yang memiliki identas. Peniruan tersebut sebagai bentuk hegemoni wacana kolonial pada tokoh saya agar terlihat sama dengan Kepala Anjing yang merepresentasikan kaum penjajah. Pengulangan (repetition) sikap yang ditunjukkan oleh Kepala Anjing pada tokoh saya merupakan bentuk hegemoni untuk meyakinkan tokoh saya.     Key Words: Hegemoni, dominasi, penjajah, terjajah. Abstract Hegemony is the colonial’s effort done to legitimate its domination. By this hegemony, the colonizer is dominant to colonize. In this research, the writer attempts to elaborate about form and model of hegemony of colonial’s discourse in Djenar Mahesa Ayu’s short story “mereka bilang, saya monyet, by using postcolonial theory.  To analyses this short story, the researcher would use the Homi K. Bhabha’s theory about postcolonial, that are stereotype, mimicry, and hybridity. The third concept is conducted to keep colonizer’s hegemony to colonized. The colonizer’s anxiety to colony encourages colonizer to do all effort to convince colonizer’s influence to colony. The colonizer attempts to do more ways by repetition of  colonizer’s discourse.  Based on the results of the analysis on their short story “mereka bilang, saya monyet”, the researcher found that the hegemony of colonial discourse was carried out by means of inculcating the identity of character “saya” who was considered a minority group. On the other hand, the mimicry made by character “saya” is an attempt to get recognition as a subject that has identity. The impersonation was a form of colonial discourse hegemony in character “saya” to make it look the same as the Dog's Head representing the invaders. Repetition of the attitude shown by the Dog Head to character “ saya” is a form of hegemony to convince.  Key Words: Hegemony, domination, colonizer, colonized.

Sources of contemporary volunteering in Poland. Influence of the voluntary work experiences of the past eras on the condition of today’s volunteering

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Brenk
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
International Volunteering ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Times

The article describes the main sources of contemporary volunteering, i.e. the historical and social context of changes in the perception of voluntary work in the past hundred years. The year 1918 was established as the starting point, i.e. the beginning of the creation of a system of social assistance (welfare) in Poland within the resurgence of the state, the volunteers of which (then called volunteers) were a significant and distinctive element. Moreover, at the same time (1920) the foundations of modern international volunteering were laid, the father of which is commonly referred to as the Swiss pacifist Pierre Cérésole. Subsequent turning points are marked by the times of the People’s Republic of Poland (1944–1989), when all social activities acquired an unequivocally ideological meaning and undertaking such work was associated with expressing support for the ruling system and its political authorities. On the other hand, the times of the Third Polish Republic that began with social changes in 1989, brought the necessity to create the structures of Polish volunteering almost from the very beginnings.

scholarly journals Ragionamenti intorno a l’Idea del theatro di Giulio Camillo Delminio. Lavori in corso

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Angelo Maria Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reception ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
The One

Preliminary proof of a work in progress, the essay is given as a reasoned recognition of the critical reception of Giulio Camillo Delminio’s L’idea del theatro (1550). Intended, on the one hand, as a compendium useful to orient Scholars in the magmatic bibliography on L’idea, on the other hand, as a starting point for new study hypotheses about Camillo as an iconographer. Divided into three sections, the essay focuses, first, on the relevant role played by images in the architecture of L’idea. The second part is a sort of annotated bibliography that starts from Frances Yates’ famous essay, published in 1966. In the third part, two new proposals are discussed. The first one deals with the origin and meaning of the name "Delminio", explained from a philological point of view as a latinization aiming at Camillo’s own self-fashioning. The second one highlights the helpfulness of the list of annotated images in a manuscript in the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, recently rediscovered, to clarify the meaning of some cryptic images in L’idea.

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