Developing early-maturing and stress-resistant potato varieties

Author(s):  
Prashant G. Kawar ◽  
◽  
Hemant B. Kardile ◽  
S. Raja ◽  
Som Dutt ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1333-1341
Author(s):  
N.S. Yakovleva ◽  
◽  
P.P. Okhlopkova ◽  
S.P. Efremova ◽  
◽  
...  

The results of the assessment of potato varieties of foreign and local selection in the conditions of Yakutia, carried out in 2012– 2014, are presented. (the characteristic of weather conditions is presented). All varieties belong to the group of early maturing and mid-early. The best in terms of yield in 2012 were the varieties Tulunsky Early (14.8 t / ha), Kamensky (13.7) t / ha and Varmas (13.5 t / ha). The local variety Yakutyanka exceeded the distinguished varieties in yield by 3.9–5.2 t / ha. by the number of tubers from the bush, the varieties Tulunsky early and Yakutyanka were distinguished. The marketable yield of all varieties in 2013 ranged from 10.5 t / ha (Kolobok variety) to 28.8 t / ha (Yakutyanka variety). The marketable yield in 2014 averaged 15.6 t / ha, while Kamensky (18.6 t / ha) and Yakutyanka (18.8 t / ha) cultivars formed a higher yield. In 2012, for all varieties, the marketability varied within 60-75%. The highest marketability of the crop was noted for the Yakutyanka variety - 75%. The marketability of tubers in potato varieties was different in 2013. The highest marketability of the crop was noted for the Varmas variety (98%), the lowest was noted for the Severny and Briz varieties, the marketability was 77–78%. In 2014, the marketability for all varieties varied within 74–95%. The marketable yield of the Yakutyanka variety was the highest in comparison with other varieties and amounted to 18.8 t / ha. Analysis of the ecological plasticity of potato varieties in terms of yield revealed the most plastic variety of the adaptive type Yakutyanka, which in various weather conditions forms a yield of at least 14.0 t / ha.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Valentina Gamajunova ◽  
Lubov Khonenko ◽  
Oksana Iskakova

Potatoes are an extremely important crop for the nutrition of the population in Ukraine. Its potential is high-up to 100 t/ha of tubers, but the average yield reaches 14-16 t/ha. To obtain significantly higher productivity, it is necessary to improve the main elements of cultivation technology. The main factor of potato production on drip irrigation is the optimisation of plant nutrition, which the authors have taken to study with three varieties of early maturing potatoes. Studies have established that providing plants with nutrients with the selection of varieties can increase the productivity of tubers up to 37-39 t/ha, or increase its level compared to the control to 64.7%. It was determined that the maximum yield is provided by the main application from autumn N32P32K32, before planting N48P48K48 and carrying out three top dressings during the growing season simultaneously with watering with a total rate of N33 and Plantafol 6 kg/ha, starting from the beginning of budding with an interval of 8-10 days. At the same time, tubers are formed with high-quality indicators as they contain a sufficient number of dry substances, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and starch. It should be noted that when optimising nutrition, the intake of all the main indicators of potato tubers compared to the control slightly decreased, namely dry substances and starch. On the contrary, the amount of ascorbic acid increased, especially with top dressing with Plantafol. Varietal features regarding the impact on the quality of tubers are also determined. Significantly more dry substances were found in tubers of the Riviera and Prada varieties, and more starch content was found in Prada and Minerva varieties. Slightly less dry matter and ascorbic acid were detected in Minerva potato tubers compared to other varieties. From the grown crop of tubers of the studied potato varieties, it is possible to obtain up to 4.0 t/ha of bioethanol or alcohol if they are processed


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
A. G. Tulinov ◽  
A. Yu. Lobanov

Search and introduction of new potato varieties that can be recommended for cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic are especially important against the background of the average yield in the region of 12.1 t/ha, that is 6.7 t/ha lower than the average in Russia. In 2019-2020 on the basis of the A. V. Zhuravsky Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, there were tested potato varieties of the early maturing group – Armada, Meteor, Gulliver, Taifun and Krepysh (standard) and the mid-season group – Varyag, Vympel, Krasa Meshchery, Kumach, Fritella, Vychegodskii and Zyryanets (standard). From the early maturing group, the varieties Armada and Gulliver have been selected as giving a consistently high yield, which exceeded the standard by 6.8-7.1 t/ha on average for two years. Among mid-season varieties no one reliably exceeded the standard variety Zyryanets in terms of yield productivity. The highest yield and marketability was noted for the Fritella variety – 30.5 t/ha and 97 %. All the varieties under study, except for Vychegodskii, showed an average resistance of the tops to late blight damage. Moderate early blight damage of the tops (up to 20 % of the leaf surface) was noted in three varieties – Meteor, Taifun and Vychegodski. The following varieties showed high resistance to common scab - Vympel (no damage), Zyryanets (few lesions) and Gulliver (up to 10 % of tuber surface damage). In all studied varieties the potato tubers were not affected by late blight during both years of research. For cultivation, the agricultural producers of the Komi Republic should use the varieties Armada (29.7 t/ha), Gulliver (28.1 t/ha), Vympel (29.2 t/ha), Fritella (30.5 t/ha), which have good resistance to phytopathogens and high quality of tubers.


2018 ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
N. V. Chukhlantsev ◽  
D. S. Fomin

Potatoes in all categories of farms in the Permskii Krai occupy 41.3 thousand hectares, in agricultural enterprises – 4.5 thousand hectares, with an average yield for 2014-2016 of 13.9 t / ha. The Permskii Krai there are all the prerequisites for obtaining high yields of potatoes. One of them is potato seed production. Variety, one of the important tasks of seed production, without it, with the ever-increasing need for new universal varieties that combine preservation of the original qualities for as long as possible, i.e. high stable productivity, early yield accumulation, good culinary and technical qualities (starchiness, good keeping quality, etc.) with resistance to the most harmful diseases, pests and adverse environmental conditions cannot be dispensed with. The purpose of research: the identification of promising varieties of potatoes, highly productive, in the Perm region. Investigations were carried out in 2011-2016 at the central experimental field of the Perm Agricultural Research Institute Branch of Perm Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science. In the collection nursery, 33 varieties of three groups of precocity were tested. A comparative assessment of potato varieties by yield and economic characteristics is presented. Promising potato varieties for cultivation under the conditions of the Perm Territory were identified in the group of early maturing: Albatross, Nandina, Latona, medium-early varieties: Irbit, 428- 05, Bravo, Miner, Amur. The varieties Crisper, Lukoshko, Bafana were the best in selected indicators in the mid-season group. Comparative assessment of potato varieties according to yield and economic characteristics is presented; studies were carried out at the Perm Agricultural Research Institute Branch of Perm Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science in the soil and climatic conditions of 2011-2016. Promising potato varieties for cultivation under the conditions of the Permskii Krai were identified in the group of early maturing: Albatross, Nandina, Latona, medium-early varieties: Irbit, 428-05, Bravo, Miner, Amur. The varieties Crisper, Lukoshko, Bafana were the best in selected indicators in the mid-season group.


2019 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
L. K. Сhehalkova ◽  
A. M. Konova ◽  
A. Yu. Gavrilova ◽  
V. M. Novikov

The most significant in the technology of growing potatoes are the timing of removal of the tops, as this factor directly affects the physiological state of the tubers and their quality. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of the timing of removal of tops on yield, quantitative yield and quality of elite seed of early maturing potato varieties Snegir, Delphin, Udacha and Zhukovskij rannij. Experience, observations and accounting were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The study was conducted in a field experiment of the Smolensk Institute of agriculture (ex. Smolensk GOSHOS). As a result of phenological observations, it was found that the mass flowering did not occur simultaneously in all studied potato varieties. Before all the phase of mass flowering occurred in the Zhukovskij rannij variety. The percentage of plant viral diseases in all studied varieties in the variant with the term of removal of the tops 21 days after mass flowering was higher, compared with the options for removing the tops in earlier flowering periods. The maximum yield of seed fraction of potato tubers in varieties Delphin and Snegir (12.6 and 26.1 t/ha, respectively) was noted in the version with the second term of removal of the tops, in varieties Zhukovskij rannij and Udacha (23.2 and 23.4 t/ha, respectively) – in the version with the term of removal of the tops 21 days after mass flowering. The yield of tubers seed fraction and their mass were the highest varieties of Dеlphin and Zhukovskij rannij. According to the results of the tuberous analysis, an increase in the total number of tubers affected by fungal diseases was observed in variants with later dates of removal of the tops. The most affected disease of all the studied varieties was the grade of bullfinch (1.5-4%), the most resistant to disease – cv. Udacha.


2020 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Т.Э. Остонакулов ◽  
А.А. Шамсиев

В 2017–2019 годах изучены сортообразцы сладкого картофеля на староорошаемых лугово-сероземных почвах Зарафшанской долины. Цель исследований – комплексная оценка сортообразцов батата в условиях Зарафшанской долины по скороспелости, росту, развитию, интенсивному размножению, формированию урожая, компактности клубней в гнезде, продуктивности, урожайности и лежкости клубней и выделение из них перспективных, а также разработка приемов агротехнологии получения высоких урожаев для данных условий. Почвы опытного участка характеризуются благоприятными агрофизическими и водными свойствами и низким содержанием гумуса, нитратного азота, подвижного фосфора и содержанием обменного калия от низкого до среднего. Сравнивали 18 сортообразцов батата. Выделенные сортообразцы изучали при ширине междурядий 70 и 90 см со схемой 70×25 и 90×20 см по 1, 2 и 3 растения в гнезде. Для получения рассады сортообразцов батата брали по 40 клубней и высаживали 20–22 февраля в пленочной теплице при температуре 15–18 °C, заделывая их на глубину 3–5 см. Влажность почвы поддерживали на уровне 65–70%. Через 7–10 дней после высадки почки начинают прорастать, а через 43–48 дней формируется рассада высотой 12–15 см, готовая для высадки в поле. Высадка рассады, как и других рассадных культур (томата, перца, баклажана) – по схеме 70×20–25 см во второй-третьей декаде апреля. Уход включал в себя междурядную обработку (культивация), прополку, борьбу с сорняками, подкормку, поливы. Уборка урожая – в конце сентября-начале октября с помощью картофелекопателя. В результате исследований выделились сорта по скороспелости, дружности формирования ростков, ускоренному размножению, продуктивности, компактности клубней в гнезде и с высоким товарным урожаем – Сочакинур, Хар-Бей и Япон. Возделывание этих сортообразцов по схеме 70×25 и 90×20 см способствует получению товарного урожая высокого качества не менее 43–48 т/га. In 2017–2019, studies were conducted on the study of varieties of sweet potatoes on old-irrigated meadow-gray-earth soils of the Zarafshan valley. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of sweet potato varieties in the conditions of the Zarafshan valley in terms of early maturity, growth, development, intensive reproduction, yield formation, compactness of tubers in the nest, productivity, yield and keeping quality of tubers and the selection of promising ones, as well as the development of methods of agricultural technology for obtaining high yields for given conditions. The soil is characterized by favorable agrophysical and water properties and low content of humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and a low-average content of exchange potassium. Eighteen sweet potato varieties were compared. The selected variety samples were studied with a row spacing of 70 and 90 cm with a scheme of 70×25 and 90×20 cm for 1, 2 and 3 seedlings in the nest. To obtain seedlings of sweet potato varieties, 40 tubers were taken and planted on February 20–22 in a film greenhouse at a temperature of 15–18 °C, seeding to a depth of 3–5 cm, the soil moisture was maintained at 65–70%. 7–10 days after planting, the buds began to germinate, and after 43–48 days, seedlings were formed with a height of 12–15 cm, which is ready for planting in the field. Planting seedlings in the field is carried out, as well as other seedlings (tomato, pepper, eggplant) according to the scheme 70x20–25 cm in the second or third decade of April. Growing includes inter-row processing (cultivation), weeding, weed control, top dressing, watering. Harvesting in late September, early October with a potato digger. As a result of the research, varieties were identified in terms of early maturity, sprout formation, accelerated reproduction, productivity, compactness of tubers in the nest and ensuring a high marketable yield – Sochakinur, Xar-Bey, and Japon. The cultivation of these varieties according to the scheme 70×25 and 90×20 cm contributes to the production of a commodity crop at 43–48 t/ha with good qualities.


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