scholarly journals The results of ecological testing of early and mid-season potato varieties in the Komi Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
A. G. Tulinov ◽  
A. Yu. Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Search and introduction of new potato varieties that can be recommended for cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic are especially important against the background of the average yield in the region of 12.1 t/ha, that is 6.7 t/ha lower than the average in Russia. In 2019-2020 on the basis of the A. V. Zhuravsky Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, there were tested potato varieties of the early maturing group – Armada, Meteor, Gulliver, Taifun and Krepysh (standard) and the mid-season group – Varyag, Vympel, Krasa Meshchery, Kumach, Fritella, Vychegodskii and Zyryanets (standard). From the early maturing group, the varieties Armada and Gulliver have been selected as giving a consistently high yield, which exceeded the standard by 6.8-7.1 t/ha on average for two years. Among mid-season varieties no one reliably exceeded the standard variety Zyryanets in terms of yield productivity. The highest yield and marketability was noted for the Fritella variety – 30.5 t/ha and 97 %. All the varieties under study, except for Vychegodskii, showed an average resistance of the tops to late blight damage. Moderate early blight damage of the tops (up to 20 % of the leaf surface) was noted in three varieties – Meteor, Taifun and Vychegodski. The following varieties showed high resistance to common scab - Vympel (no damage), Zyryanets (few lesions) and Gulliver (up to 10 % of tuber surface damage). In all studied varieties the potato tubers were not affected by late blight during both years of research. For cultivation, the agricultural producers of the Komi Republic should use the varieties Armada (29.7 t/ha), Gulliver (28.1 t/ha), Vympel (29.2 t/ha), Fritella (30.5 t/ha), which have good resistance to phytopathogens and high quality of tubers.

Productive longevity of the black currants in the middle tayga subzone (Komi Republic)

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
O. K. Timusheva
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Phenological Phases

The results of the study of black currant varieties in the Botanical garden of the Institute of biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. The object of study was to determine the degree of longevity and select promising varieties in the climatic conditions of the middle subzone of the taiga. The following economically useful characteristics were analyzed: winter hardiness, phenological phases, productivity, largefruiting (berry weight). Methods of grouping and evaluating differences among groups were used. It is established that the varieties of black currants are winter hardy and remain productive in the conditions of middle taiga subzone for ten years or more. The varieties ‘Cerera’ (2.9 kg per bush), ‘Naslednica’ (2.6) and ‘Lentyaj’ (2.4) are found to be the most productive. Large-fruited varieties are ‘Seyanec Golubki’(1.58 grams), ‘Naslednica’ (1.54) and ‘Lentyaj’ (1.5). The prospects of growing black currant in the middle subzone of the taiga are confirmed. The promising varieties are revealed: ‘Naslednica’, ‘Lentyaj’ and ‘Cerera’.

The use of natural conditions of the high alpine province of Dagestan for reproduction of prospective varieties and hybrids of potato

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
В.К. Сердеров ◽  
Д.В. Сердерова
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Caspian Lowland ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mountain Province

Большое значение в увеличении продуктивности картофеля имеет внедрение в производство перспективных высокоурожайных сортов и гибридов, приспособленных к местным природно-климатическим условиям возделывания, от чего зависят эффективность отрасли и себестоимость продукции. Цель работы – изучить влияние климатических условий на продуктивность и качественные показатели сортов и гибридов картофеля, а также использование ими благоприятных почвенно-климатических условий высокогорья Республики Дагестан, для размножения и внедрения в производство новых перспективных, высокоурожайных, приспособленных к условиям среды выращивания сортов картофеля с комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Объектом изучения послужили сорта картофеля раннего, среднераннего и среднего сроков созревания российской, белорусской и иностранной селекции. Полевые опыты закладывали в 2014–2017 годах на высоте 2000–2200 м, на землях горного опорного пункта «Курахский» Курахского района и на равнинной провинции (Прикаспийской низменности) на территории дачного массива «Наука» Махачкалинского района Республики Дагестан. Схема посадки – 70×30 см, повторность – четырехкратная. Технология выращивания картофеля – гребневая. При проведении полевых опытов использовали общепринятые методики. Практически все сорта картофеля, выращенные на равнинной провинции, сформировали высокий урожай в первый год и при дальнейшем размножении в результате развития вирусных болезней резко снизили свои продуктивные качества. Наиболее высокая урожайность в среднем за три года отмечена у сортов Жуковский ранний (20,8 т/га), Импала (20,5 т/га), Невский (17,8 т/га), Предгорный (16,9 т/га) и Удача (16,3 т/га). В свою очередь, горная провинция Дагестана характеризовалась благоприятными почвенно-климатическими условиями для возделывания как продовольственного картофеля, так и для организации первичного семеноводства на безвирусной основе и размножения перспективных сортов этой культуры. В среднем за годы исследований в горной провинции по урожайности выделились сорта Сильвана (37,4 т/га), Удача (37,6 т/га), Рокко (33,3 т/га), Импала (31,7 т/га), Жуковский ранний (29,0 т/га), Предгорный (27,7 т/га) и Примобелла (27,7 т/га), а также гибриды № 12.40/17 (43,1 т/га) и № 13.61/61 (38,8 т/га). The introduction of promising high-yielding varieties and hybrids adapted to the local natural and climatic conditions of cultivation is of great importance in increasing the productivity of potatoes, which determines the efficiency of the industry and the cost of production. The aim of the work is to study the influence of climatic conditions on the productivity and quality indicators of potato varieties and hybrids, as well as their use of favorable soil and climatic conditions in the highlands of the Republic of Dagestan, for breeding and introducing into production new promising, high-yielding, adapted to the growing environment of potato varieties with a complex of economically valuable characteristics. The object of the study was potato varieties of early, mid-early and medium maturation periods of Russian, Belarusian and foreign selection. Field experiments were conducted in 2014–2017 at an altitude of 2000–2200 m, on the lands of the mountain stronghold Kurakhsky of the Kukhar district and on the plain province (the Caspian lowland) on the territory of the suburban area Nauka of the Makhachkala district of the Republic of Dagestan. The landing scheme is 70×30 cm, the repeatability is four times. The technology of growing potatoes is combed. When conducting field experiments, generally accepted methods were used. Almost all potato varieties grown in the lowland province formed a high yield in the first year and, with further propagation, as a result of the development of viral diseases, sharply reduced their productive qualities. The highest yield on average for three years was observed in the varieties Zhukovskiy ranniy (20.8 t/ha), Impala (20.5 t/ha), Nevsky (17.8 t/ha), Predgornyy (16.9 t/ha) and Udacha (16.3 t/ha). In turn, the mountain province of Dagestan was characterized by favorable soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of both food potatoes, and for the organization of primary seed production on a virus-free basis and the reproduction of promising varieties of this crop. On average, over the years of research in the mountain province, the varieties Silvana (37.4 t/ha), Udacha (37.6 t/ha), Rocco (33.3 t/ha), Impala (31.7 t/ha), Zhukovskiy ranniy (29.0 t/ha), Predgornyy (27.7 t/ha) and Primobella (27.7 t/ha), as well as hybrids No.12.40/17 (43.1 t/ha) and No.13.61/61 (38.8 t/ha) were distinguished by yield.

scholarly journals Growth of plants and productivity of corn in cold climate

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
T. K. Golovko ◽  
И. В. Далькэ ◽  
G. T. Shmorgunov ◽  
A. F. Triandafilov ◽  
A. G. Tulinov
Keyword(s):  
Komi Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Under conditions of a relatively cool and humid growing season in the central agro-climatic region of the Komi Republic, corn is not inferior in terms of growth rate and photosynthetic activity, traditionally cultivated under the conditions of the northern Non-Black Earth region crops. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility and prospects of growing early ripe corn hybrids in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic. Field experience was established on the basis of the Institute of Agriculture of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2016-2017 on an area of 1.6 hectares. In 2016, 6 varieties of corn were studied, and in 2017, in addition to them, another 15. Thus, out of 21 varieties and hybrids, 7 varieties were selected for further study. The article presents the results of a preliminary study of the ecological testing of early-ripening hybrids of corn when cultivating them in agroclimatic conditions of the Komi Republic. The features of growth and development of corn hybrids, formation of the green mass harvest are considered. As a result of the research, the Uralskiy 150 with the best fodder characteristics was identified among the studied hybrids. Uralsky 150 formed 11-12 leaves with a specific leaf density of 0.30 g/dm2. The LAI of the cenosis was 4 m2/m2. The maximum rate of photosynthesis of the leaves was 17 mol CO /m2s. The average for two years the yield of green mass 2 of the studied variety sample and hybrids of corn was amounted to 380 centner/ha. The dry matter content in biomass did not exceed 20%, the content of crude protein reached 12%, and fiber 29%.

scholarly journals Breeding of fodder crops for high yields and early maturity in Siberia

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
R. I. Polyudina ◽  
D. A. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
State Register ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The Institutions of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences have created 118 cultivars of 32 crops up to 2019. The early maturing winter hardy high yielding cultivars of red clover have been first obtained in Siberia, among them are Meteor, Pamyati Lisitsyna (4x) and Prima (2x) cultivars. Four cultivars of sudan grass Novosibirskaya 84, Lira, Dostyk and Karagandinskaya were created. Three cultivars of soybean such as SibNIIK-315, SibNIIK-9, Gorinskaya and five canola cultivars have been included in the State register. Sibiryachka cultivar of oil radish was created first in Siberia.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN SAMPLES OF COCKSFOOT GRASS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
A. G. Tulinov ◽  
T. V. Kosolapova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The North ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The cocksfoot grass is a valuable early ripe forage crop with good yield and excellent feed quality. It is used to create hayfields and pastures and is a component of grasslands of meadows of almost all regions of the Komi Republic. However, the expansion of varieties adapted to the soil and climate of the North needs this valuable crop. For this purpose from 2015 to 2018 there was the research of the varieties and wild populations of the cocksfoot grass of the world collection for further use in the creation of new adaptive varieties. The experiment took place in 2015 at the experimental field of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Komi Scientific Center, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar). The soil of the plot is sod-podzol, medium loamy in granulometric composition. The collection of nursery-garden included 10 samples of the cocksfoot grass of various ecological and geographical origin. As a standard, the Neva variety was taken. The experiments were carried out using seedlings according to the scheme 80x50 cm, the plot area was 10 m2, four repetition. Varietal samples were evaluated by winter hardness, indicators of productivity of green mass and seeds. Meteorological conditions during the years of research allowed us to evaluate the winter hardness of the cocksfoot grass samples. As a result of evaluating 10 samples, wild-growing samples from the Komi Republic (42733, 43024, 45945) and Norway (41826) were distinguished for a number of economically valuable traits, characterized by high winter hardness, even germination and green mass productivity on average for 3 years - 21.523.7 t/ha, dry weight - 4.7-5.1 t/ha and seeds - 354-576 kg / ha. These samples provide valuable starting material for further breeding work.

scholarly journals Results of testing potato hybrids in breeding nurseries in the Komi Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
A. G. Tulinov ◽  
A. Yu. Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Relevance. Potato hybrids obtained when creating varieties adapted to the weather conditions of the Komi Republic must have maximum resistance to constantly changing environmental conditions while maintaining the yield indicator at a high level. In addition, breeders impose requirements for their high field resistance to the main diseases common in the region: late blight, alternaria, rhizoctonia, scab and viruses (X, Y). In 2020, in the course of a continuously operating selection process, produced on the basis of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology FRC Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar) together with the FRC potato named after A.G. Lorkh (Korenevo), samples were taken from the nursery of the main test of hybrids.Methods. The studies were carried out on five hybrids sent from the FRC of Potato named after A.G. Lorkh obtained by hybridization of the original parental forms, growing hybrid seedlings and single-root hybrids, followed by selection in nurseries of single-root hybrids, second-year hybrids, preliminary and main tests already directly at the Institute of Agrobiotechnology FRC of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Observations, counts and culling in each nursery were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations on the technology of the potato breeding process. According to the research results, the hybrids were assessed in terms of yield, yield range (the difference between the maximum and minimum values for the study period), realization of yield potential (the ratio of the average yield to the maximum over the years of research) and coefficient of variation, as well as disease resistance.Results. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of potato samples in the nursery of the main test, three promising hybrids were identified — 1992–14, 2000–60 and 2139– 5 with an average yield at the level of standard varieties and higher (23.6–31.2t/ha), having a high stability and disease resistance.

Сортакартофеля,адаптированныекусловиямСевера

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Tulinov ◽  
A.Y. Lobanov ◽  
M.Y. Shlyk ◽  
T.V. Kosolapova
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Russian Federation

Приведены основные результаты оценки адаптированных к условиям Севера сортов картофеля, сочетающих высокую урожайность и качество клубней, а также устойчивость к болезням. В питомниках конкурсного испытаний (2016 2018 годы) было изучено два сорта Зырянец и Вычегодский в сравнении со стандартным районированным в Республике Коми сортом Невский (среднеранний) и рекомендованным сортом Удача (раннеспелый). Новые сорта картофеля имеют следующие характеристики: урожайность 29,7 29,9 т/га, содержание крахмала 15,2 18,8, высокая устойчивость к грибным болезням (фитофтороз, альтернариоз) и рекомендуются к возделыванию вI Северном иIX Уральском регионах Российской Федерации.The article presents the main results of the assessment of potato varieties adapted to the conditions of the North, combining high yield and quality of tubers, as well as resistance to diseases. In the nurseries of competition tests (20162018), 2 varieties were studied Zyryanets and Vychegodsky in comparison with the standard Nevsky (medium early) variety zoned in the Komi Republic and the recommended variety Udacha (early ripe). As a result of field studies, new potato varieties have the following characteristics: yield 29.729.9 t/ha, starch content 15.218.8, high resistance to fungal diseases (late blight, alternaria) and recommended cultivation in the I North and IX Ural regions of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Economically valuable traits of collected sesame samples tested in the conditions of the Astrakhan region

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (183) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
М.Sh. Asfandiyarova ◽  
◽  
Т.P. Rybakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In 2017–2018, we studied 45 sesame samples from the VIR collection in the experimental fields of the Cis-Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PAFNC RAN). According to temperature indicators, conditions of the years of a research were favorable for the growth and development of sesame. The sum of positive temperatures over the years was equal 3253.8 and 3249.7 °C, respectively. The length of the vegetative period of samples varied from 104 to 133 days. The earliest maturing samples (98–105 days) were KK-80 and 741 from Uzbekistan and K-802 from Tajikistan. As middle-early maturing (106–115 days) 11 samples were characterized, 25 samples were middle maturing (116–125 days), and five samples were late maturing (126–133 days). The most of the samples (33 samples) had seeds of average size (1000 seeds weight of 3.0–3.4 g) at the standard level (3.1 g). By a complex of economically valuable traits we selected 30 samples. The samples KK-883, 291, 171, 265, 468 from Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Tunisia and Malta demonstrated the highest yield (3.0–4.3 t/ha). Very early maturing samples of sesame with high yields are of great interest and can be used in breeding work.

scholarly journals New early maturing soybean cultivar Zaryanitsa for conditions of Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (183) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
L.V. Omelyanyuk ◽  
◽  
A.M. Asanov ◽  
O.A. Yusova ◽  
A.A. Churakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Russian Federation Patent ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
State Register ◽  
Early Maturing

The use of new, early maturing cultivars with high productivity potential, and availability of effective herbicides have created real preconditions for the widespread introduction of soybean in the Western and Eastern Siberia. Modern cultivars should be characterized by: high and stable yields over the years in certain soil and climatic conditions of cultivation; suitability for complex mechanization of cultivation and high quality of products. Objective of the research was to evaluate a new soybean cultivar Zaryanitsa by yield and quality potential. The cultivar is included into the State Register of the Russian Federation (Patent No 9532) in 2018 in the Eastern Siberian region (11), is recommended for production in the Krasnoyarsk region. The studies we carried out in a nursery of competitive trial of the laboratory of leguminous crops breeding of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center from 2011 to 2019. The cultivar Zaryanitsa is early maturing (duration of the vegetative period is about 102 days), is characterized with slow growth at initial phases of development and simultaneous maturing, does not lodge and shatter, the location of the lower pods is high. These qualities make it possible to cultivate it in the harsh climatic conditions of Siberia and annually receive conditioned seeds with minimal losses during harvesting. The yield of the cultivar Zaryanitsa was noted at the standard level of the cultivar Sibirhachka (2.38 t per ha), the oil content in seeds was increased (+1.93% to st.) in average over the research period (nine years). The cultivar is characterized as stable ( < 1) of intensive type (bi > 1). In the Omsk Agrarian Research Center the cultivar Zaryanitsa is included into a scheme of crosses as a source of early maturity, stable yield, increased oil content in seeds.

scholarly journals Monitoring the number of trips on open-ground tomatoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Natalya Tyutyuma ◽  
Anastasia Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Rotation Crop ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

The agroclimatic resources of the Astrakhan region are quite large and represent huge opportunities in the production of heat-loving crops such as vegetables and melons. The region has accumulated a great scientific and production experience in the cultivation of tomatoes as the main vegetable crop rotation crop. To date, the first task for farmers of the region is to develop new modern agrotechnological techniques to eliminate the spread of thrips on open-ground tomato plants. The object of research was a hybrid of tomato of the domestic selection of the agricultural company Sedek Azhur F1. Materials and methods. For the first time, for the conditions of light chestnut soils on the land use territory of FSBNU “Caspian Agrarian Scientific Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” during 20182020. the influence of various insecticides in the fight against tripasmi was studied. As a result of the analysis, the presented scientific article presents the main results for the study of new modern insecticides in the fight against trypses on open-ground tomato Azhur F1. According to the results of three years of study, the optimal option with the use of the drug Confidor Extra was revealed, which contributes to a significant decrease in the number of phytophages. The use of these preparations had no phytotoxic effect on open-ground tomato plants. In the version using the insecticide Confidor Extra, there was more purely commercial fruits and a significant increase in the crop relative to control without treatments, as well as a variant where the Fufanon-Nova preparation was used. The increase relative to control in the high-yield version was + 40.8 t/ha or 43.5%.

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