scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL AMINO ACIDS IN OVERGROUND PART OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA L. AND GLYCYRRHIZA ECHINATA L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
A.V. Yanitskaya ◽  
◽  
O.V. Nedilko ◽  
O.V. Ovsyankina ◽  
V.V. Strakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Overground Part ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra L ◽  
Hplc Study

This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the content of individual amino acids in the overground part of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza echinata L., growing in the Volgograd region. By the HPLC study, 16 amino acids (Ala, Gly, Tyr, Ser, Asp, Glu, Arg, His, Pro) were identified in the plant raw materials, among which 9 are replaceable amino acids and 7 are irreplaceable amino acids (Thr, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phen, Lys). At the same time, of the total content, the share of replaceable amino acids in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is 10,09 %, and irreplaceable ones – 5,84 %. In the overground part of Glycyrrhiza echinata L., these indicators are slightly higher – 11,47 % of replaceable amino acids and 6,80 % of irreplaceable amino acids.

scholarly journals Use of chickpea flour in food production

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012120
Author(s):  
E S Taranova ◽  
E A Zenina ◽  
A G Mel’nikov ◽  
T E Kryuchkova ◽  
E A Skorokhodov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Chickpea Flour ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Volgograd Region

Abstract Currently, the production of special varieties of bread and bakery products using non-traditional plant raw materials is relevant. The article presents the results of studies on the introduction of chickpea flour into the recipe of wheat bread. Chickpea is a crop that is adapted to vegetation in unfavorable soil and climatic conditions of the Volgograd region. Chickpeas are high in protein (up to 32%) and fat (8%), while the amount of carbohydrates is insignificant (up to 5%). In the laboratory, test baking of bread was carried out using the following options: wheat bread (control) and wheat-chickpea bread. Chickpea flour was added to wheat flour in the amount of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. Before baking, a study of wheat flour and mixtures of wheat flour with chickpea was carried out for the content and quality of crude gluten. The addition of chickpea flour has been found to reduce the amount of wet gluten, but not to decrease its quality group. After test baking, the volume of the bread was measured and the organoleptic characteristics were determined. It was found that the addition of chickpea flour leads to a decrease in the volume of the finished product. The bread with the addition of chickpea flour differed from the control variant in the color of the crust and crumb. The pulp was denser and finer. The taste and smell of chickpea were felt only in the variants with the addition of 15 and 20% chickpea flour. The addition of chickpea flour contributed to the enrichment of wheat bread with essential amino acids. With the consumption of 300 g of bread containing 80% wheat and 20% chickpea flour, the daily requirement of the human body for essential amino acids would be satisfied by 48.8%.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF AMINO ACID CONTENT OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA OVERGROUND AND UNDERGROUND PARTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Viktorovna Nedil'ko ◽  
Aleftina Vladimirovna Yanitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra L ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of the research was a comparative study of the amino acid composition and the quantitative content of individual amino acids in the over-ground and underground parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae) growing in the Volgograd region. Previously, using the reaction with ninhydrin, as well as carrying out TLC on the plates «Silufol», the presence of amino acids in watery extracts from the samples of vegetable raw materials was established. On an AAA 400 amino acid analyzer in the underground and over-ground parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. 16 amino acids were identified, 9 of which are interchangeable and 7 are irreplaceable, their quantitative content and accumulation characteristics were established. The total amount of amino acids found in the over-ground parts of the medicinal plant is higher (15.88%) than in the underground organs – 8.42%. Of the individual amino acids, glutamic acid (1.84±0.02%), aspartic acid (1.74±0.02%), arginine (1.03±0.01%), leucine (1.41±0.01%), lysine (1.02±0.01), valine (0.92±0.01%), phenylalanine (0.86±0.01%), isoleucine (0.76±0.01%), threonine (0.77±0.01%) was detected. In the underground organs of the studied plant, aspartic (1.17±0.02%) and glutamic (0.62±0.01%) acids predominantly accumulate, but in percentage they are 1.5–3 times less than the over-ground parts. Separately, it should be noted a feature of the accumulation of proline, which is one of the dominant amino acids in the over-ground and underground parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (1.49±0.02% and 1.87±0.02%, respectively). Obtained in the course of the research data indicate the prospects for further study of the over-ground parts of the medicinal as a source of this group of biologically active substances.

scholarly journals Obtaining Woody Greens Enriched with L-Arginine during Forestry Management of Young Scots Pine Stands (Scientific Review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-37
Author(s):  
E.V. Robonen ◽  
◽  
N.P. Chernobrovkina ◽  
B.V. Raevsky ◽  
A.V. Egorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Forests produce a huge amount of organic matter, which is a source of renewable raw materials for the production of technical, feed, food and pharmaceutical products. The logging and woodworking industry in Karelia, as in Russia as a whole, is based exclusively on stem wood. Woody greens are formed while felling ripe and over-mature stands, thinning and implementation of measures for the conservation, protection and reproduction of forests including forest stands cutting. The development of technologies for the use of woody greens is necessary for the multi-purpose utilization of the entire phytomass produced by forest plant communities. An additional economic incentive for young stands thinning and limbing, that are used to improve the quality of logs, is the ability to reduce costs or even ensure the profitability of these measures driven by the development of processing plants and the use of wastes generated during transportation: thinners, low-quality and low-value decidous wood, woody greens, that are raw materials for the production of biologically active preparations of various action. The urgent tasks are to increase the use of importsubstituting pharmaceutical substances and to search the alternative methods for producing raw materials for nutrient mixtures and feed stuff. Technologies for modifying the biochemical composition of coniferous greens, resulting in production of plant raw materials enriched with target biologically active substances, are being developed for the exploration of new plant sources. The water-soluble fraction of coniferous greens contains free amino acids, in particular L-arginine, which plays an important role in the life of animals. A promising way is to increase the free amino acids content in coniferous raw materials and change their quantitative ratio by regulation of the mineral nutrition regime of woody plants. An original scheme of additional supply of coniferous plants with nitrogen and boron is proposed in order to obtain coniferous greens enriched with L-arginine. The use of conifers as bioproducers of L-arginine and the study of its metabolism with reference to climatic factors, conditions of mineral nutrition, seasonal and daily dynamics in the natural environment, the search for ways to increase its level in organs and tissues is of current interest both on the theoretical and practical sides. Obtaining coniferous greens enriched with L-arginine will allow organizing the production of coniferous products for nutrient and pharmaceutical use. It is necessary to analyze the potential sources of raw materials taking into account their availability, costs for enriching the needles with L-arginine and product yield per unit area to assess the economic feasibility of organizing such production. A developed sequence of forestry measures will make it possible to obtain needles enriched with L-arginine, both in the process of implementing various types of forest use, and in carrying out activities aimed at increasing the productivity of forests and preserving their useful functions. Herewith, it is possible to turn costly cleaning and fertilizing of young Scots pine stands into profitable ones with additional products. Technologies of intentional changes in the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of plant raw materials obtained from woody plants will allow the development of new raw materials for biologically active substances.

scholarly journals Biologically Active Substances from Powdered Barberry and Viburnum

2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Galina Dubtsova ◽  
Alexander Lomakin ◽  
Irina Kusova ◽  
Ekaterina Bulannikova ◽  
Dmitriy Bystrov
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Plant raw materials can be a source of biologically active substances and increase the nutritional value of food products. The present research objective was to determine the content of biologically active substances in powdered viburnum and barberry. Study objects and methods. The study featured viburnum (Viburnum opulus L.) and barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.), dried by convection and crushed into particles of 50 microns. Results and discussion. The total content of phenolic compounds in powdered viburnum was 3114.07 mg/100 g, in powdered barberry – 2272.7 mg/100 g. The content of flavonoids in powdered viburnum was 324.52 mg/100 g, in powdered barberry – 390.00 mg/100 g. The flavonoid profile of the powders included rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercintrin, and astralagin. The total content of catechins was 446 mg/100 g for viburnum and 506 mg/100 g for barberry. The catechins included mainly epigallocatechin and catechin. In powdered viburnum, the catechin composition was as follows: epicatechin – 196, catechin – 118, and epigallocatechin – 89 mg/100 g; in powdered barberry: epigallocatechin – 173, catechin – 111, and epicatechin – 74 mg/100 g. The antiradical activity in relation to trolox equivalent was 7560 mg/100 g in powdered viburnum and 9460 mg/100 g in powdered barberry. Conclusion. The obtained viburnum and barberry powders can fortify food with biologically active substances and expand the range of functional products.

scholarly journals Amino acids composition of herb of Lamiaceae family representatives

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
M. I. Shanayda
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Amino Acids Composition

Researching of the amino acids contents in medicinal plant raw materials is an important task of pharmaceutical science and practice, because complexes of amino acids used for the corrections of hepatobiliary disorders, nervous and cardiovascular systems. The aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of amіno acids composition of these representatives. The article presents the results of the amino acid composition investigation of the above-ground parts of 10 species belonging to Lamiaceae Juss. Family (Ocimum, Hyssopus, Dracocephalum, Lophanthus, Monarda and Satureja genera). By paper chromatography it was identified several amino acids. HPLC analyzes revealed the content and composition of more than 20 amino acids. The highest total amino acid composition was found in the herb of the genus Ocimum. It was identified 10 essential and non-essential 9 amino acids in each herb, and 3 nonproteinogenic amino acids also. It was established that in all plant materials dominate quantitatively nonessential amino acids (asparagine, proline, glutamic and aspartic acid). Among the essential amino acids arginine and threonine predominate.

APPLICATION OF POWDER LIKE PRODUCTS PROCESSING OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF FLOUR PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.М. ЖАРКОВА ◽  
С.Я. КОРЯЧКИНА ◽  
В.П. КОРЯЧКИН ◽  
В.Г. ГУСТИНОВИЧ ◽  
Ю.К. КАЗИМИРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Methods

Систематизированы сведения об основных современных способах переработки овощного, фруктово-ягодного сырья с целью получения ингредиентов, улучшающих пищевой профиль продуктов питания, в том числе мучных. Приведен сравнительный анализ различных способов сушки растительного сырья. Показана эффективность введения в рацион порошкообразных продуктов переработки растительного сырья, полученных, в частности, дезинтеграционно-конвективным способом сушки. Information on the main modern methods of processing vegetable, fruit and berry raw materials was systematized in order to obtain ingredients that improve the nutritional profile of food products, including flour products. A comparative analysis of various methods of drying plant materials is presented. The effectiveness of introducing into the diet powdery products of the processing of plant materials obtained, in particular, by the disintegration-convective drying method, is shown.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASES OF THE USE OF DIELECTRIC SEPARATION TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF PROCESSING OF SEEDS OF SPICY-AROMATIC PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.К. ГОРОДЕЦКИЙ ◽  
Ю.Ф. РОСЛЯКОВ ◽  
В.В. ЛИТВЯК
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
Charged Amino Acids ◽  
Physico Chemical

Исследованы биологические особенности (морфология поверхности, а также качественный и количественный состав белков) семян (плодов) пряно-ароматических растений: кориандра (Coriandrum sativumL.), тмина (Carum carvi L.) и укропа (Anethum graveolens L.). Методами сканирующей электронной микроскопии установлена нерегулярная поверхность семян кориандра, тмина и укропа. На их поверхности идентифицировано большое количество бороздок, углублений, бугорков. Поверхность шероховатая и содержит много волосков. Особенно много волосков имеется на поверхности семян тмина. Определено, что в 100 г семян кориандра, тмина и укропа содержится: общего белка – 12,37; 19,77 и 15,98 г соответственно, свободных аминокислот – 1,42; 18,46 и 8,39 г соответственно. Сумма положительно заряженных незаменимых аминокислот (аргинина, гистидина и лизина) в 100 г кориандра, тмина и укропа составляет соответственно 0,149; 2,833 и 2,621 г, сумма отрицательно заряженных аминокислот (аспарагиновой и глутаминовой) – 0,71; 5,253 и 0,633 г соответственно. Результаты исследований будут способствовать совершенствованию технологии глубокой переработки растительного сырья для получения семян высокого качества с заданными свойствами путем отделения примесей органической и неорганической природы. The biological features (surface morphology, as well as the qualitative and quantitative composition of proteins) of seeds of spicy-aromatic plants: coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), cumin (Carum carvi L.) and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) were studied. The irregular surface of coriander, cumin and dill seeds was established by scanning electron microscopy. A large number of grooves, depressions, and bumps have been identified on their surface. The surface is rough and contains a lot of hairs. There are especially many hairs on the surface of cumin seeds. It was determined that 100 g of coriander, cumin and dill seeds contain: total protein – 12,37; 19,77 and 15,98 g respectively, free amino acids – 1,42; 18,46 and 8,39 g respectively. The sum of positively charged essential amino acids (arginine, histidine and lysine) in 100 g of coriander, cumin and dill is 0,149, 2,833 and 2,621 g respectively, the sum of negatively charged amino acids (aspartic and glutamic) is 0,71; 5,253 and 0,633 g respectively. The results of the research will contribute to the improvement of the technology of deep processing of plant raw materials to obtain high-quality seeds with desired properties by separating impurities of organic and inorganic nature.

scholarly journals Comparative Characteristics of Sugar Determination by Different Methods in Leaves of Nettle

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
O. V. Trineeva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Polysaccharide Complex ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

Introduction. According to the literature, nettle leaves contain polysaccharides and mucus as an integral part of the hydrophilic fraction. This group of biologically active substances (BAS) is involved in the manifestation of the physiological activity of the infusion. The traditional gravimetric method for the determination of polysaccharides in medicinal plant raw materials (PRM), pharmaceutical substances of plant origin and medicinal herbal preparations cannot provide a true picture of their content due to the presence of impurities. Therefore, it is advisable to determine the reducing sugars that are most fully extracted into the aqueous phase during the preparation of the infusion using modern physicochemical methods of analysis.Aim. The aim of the work was to determine the amount of polysaccharides and simple sugars in nettle leaves by various physico-chemical methods and their comparative characteristics.Materials and methods. A comparative determination of the sum of polysaccharides and simple sugars in the leaves of nettle by pharmacopoeial methods (picrine, anthrone and orcine) was carried out. Free and bound simple sugars were identified and quantified by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The composition and content of free simple sugars was studied by capillary electrophoresis (CE) in raw materials.Results and discussion. The content of free and bound sugars in raw materials has been established. The largest content of both the sum of polysaccharides and free simple sugars in the polysaccharide complex of nettle leaves, as well as the sum of free reducing simple sugars, according to experimental data, was obtained using the picrine method. The content of pentoses in the studied PRM was four times less, which is consistent with the literature data on the preferential construction of polysaccharides of plant objects from sugars of the hexose class. The resulting total content of the fraction of free sugars in the leaves, determined by the CE method, is an order of magnitude less compared with spectrophotometric methods. The obtained results of quantitative determination of the amount of free and bound simple sugars in the studied PRM are consistent with the determination data by the picrine pharmacopoeial method.Conclusion. In general, complete information, depending on the goals of the analysis, on the composition and quantitative content of simple and related sugars in the polysaccharide complex of plant objects can only be obtained by combining spectral methods with CE or TLC.

scholarly journals Pharmacopeial aspects of preparation of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Halyna Melnyk ◽  
Tatyana Yarnykh ◽  
Marina Buryak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmacy Technology ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pharmacopoeial Requirements

An analytical review of pharmacopoeial aspects of preparation of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies is presented. The aim of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of pharmacopoeial requirements for the technology of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies. Materials and methods of the research. Comparative analysis of pharmacopoeial requirements was performed using methods of systematic and structural-logical analysis. Results and discussions. It was found that in many pharmacopoeias (European, British, Italian, French, Czech, Kazakh) there are no instructions on the pharmacy technology of these dosage forms. Only the pharmacopoeias of Japan, Austria, Belarus and Russia contain separate monographs on the extemporaneous preparation of infusions and decoctions.  After analyzing these monographs, it was found that the definition of infusions and decoctions as a dosage form differs. It was found that the Japanese Pharmacopoeia regulates the preliminary preparation of medicinal plant raw materials (soaking for 5 minutes in water), in other pharmacopoeias there is no such requirement. When conducting a comparative analysis of the technology of preparation of infusions and decoctions, we observe that the ratio of medicinal plant raw materials (MPRM) and extractant and extraction modes differ. Conclusions. An analytical review of pharmacopoeial aspects of preparation of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies is presented. A comparative analysis of the requirements for technology and quality control of infusions and decoctions in accordance with pharmacopoeial articles revealed both different and similar information. The results of the research showed that despite the differences in the structures of articles and names, as well as approaches to the definition of this dosage form, some requirements are similar (particle size of MPRM). The differences that were found include the ratio of MPRM and extractant, extraction modes. Taking into account the data of the analysis and the existing national requirements, the authors proposed a draft general pharmacopoeial article “Infusions and decoctions made in pharmacies”.

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