International Migration of the Older Generation: Global and Russian Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Georgy Nioradze
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Demographic Aging

The subject of this research is the international migration of the elderly (global and Russian trends). This topic is of particular relevance due to the fact that the elderly people make up 17% of international migrants (2019). In addition, older migration is at the intersection of four demographic “megatrends” - population aging, migration, population growth and urbanization. In addition, the international emigration of elderly Russians is practically not studied in the domestic literature. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption of the aging of international migration flows in accordance with the trend of demographic aging. Research method - secondary data analysis. The main empirical base is the data of the UN and Rosstat. Global statistics show that while the number of older migrants has increased, the proportion of older people has not changed. Thus, the hypothesis was not confirmed, which gives grounds to draw the following conclusion: migration lags behind aging. This is due to the weak mobilization and adaptive potential of the older generation. Russian statistics make it possible to single out 4 thousand people over the working age who moved abroad in 2019 (not including the CIS countries). The most popular destinations are Germany, Georgia. In conclusion, it examines the risks (negative impact on the labor potential of the country, etc.) and opportunities (rejuvenation of the age structure, reduction in age discrimination) for Russia in the context of the emigration of the elderly population. Analysis of the existing indices of active longevity showed the absence of migration as an indicator of activity, which significantly distorts this index. The direction of future research is to study the migration of Russian pensioners in the countries of Southeast Asia and China.

scholarly journals Social Assistance in the Conditions of Population Aging: Comparative Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Firsov, ◽  
◽  
Margarita V. Vdovina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Support Provision ◽  
Homes For The Elderly ◽  
Demographic Aging

Since the second half of the twentieth century, humanity has increasingly begun to face the contradictory consequences of population aging. In our country, various practices of social assistance to aging citizens have also begun to expand, primarily related to their medical, social and material support, provision of social services at home, which were an alternative to living and servicing in homes for the elderly and disabled. It was during these years that the system of social assistance to the older generation (first of all, the lonely, those with chronic diseases and those in need of outside help), which is currently functioning, was laid. However, the domestic model was quite different from the foreign ones. Nevertheless, it made it possible to support various groups of people of late age and to develop certain socio-political approaches in the context of demographic aging.

scholarly journals Population Aging, Household Savings and Asset Prices: A Study Based on Urban Commercial Housing Prices

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihong Zeng ◽  
Xinwei Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Guowang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Asset Prices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Household Savings ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
The Impact

Currently, China’s aging population, high savings rate and high housing asset prices coexist, which has become a hot issue in academic research. First, considering the life-cycle hypothesis and overlapping generations model, asset prices are negatively correlated with the population dependency ratio and positively correlated with household savings. Second, based on census data from prefecture-level cities, a pooled regression model and two-stage least squares (2SLS) are used in this empirical research. The child dependency ratio was found to have a significant negative impact on housing prices, while the elderly dependency ratio had a positive impact on housing prices. The positive relationship between household savings and housing prices is highly significant. Finally, the interaction analysis shows that the impact of population aging on housing prices differs under different levels of household savings; thus, population aging affects housing prices through household savings, and the mediator dilutes and weakens this impact. The elderly generation’s release of savings could gradually inhibit housing prices. Population aging causes long-run downside risks but not a market meltdown.

Perfil de morbimortalidade das principais causas de hospitalização entre pessoas idosas no Brasil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Alanna Ribeiro Da Silva ◽  
Tainá Soares Risso Rattes ◽  
Manuella Franco Cerqueira Da Silva ◽  
Emily Rodrigues Mota ◽  
Everton Mateus Azevedo Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Functional Skills ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Insuficiencia Cardiaca

Introdução: O envelhecimento é um indicador de melhoria dos serviços de saúde. O número de idosos passará de 605 milhões, para 2 bilhões, entre os anos de 2000 e 2050. No Brasil, esse fato pode ser visto desde 2013, com uma representação relativa de 13,0% da população total. O envelhecimento compromete habilidades funcionais, aumentando o diagnóstico de doenças crônico-degenerativas, problemas de saúde e internações. Portanto este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as internações hospitalares entre idosos no Brasil. Metodologia: Este é um estudo quantitativo descritivo exploratório com base nas casuísticas de internações hospitalares, com enfoque em dados secundários contidos no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH/DATASUS), coletados através do formulário de Autorização de Internações Hospitalares (AIH), no período de 2010 a 2016. Resultados: Nos anos de 2010 a 2016, foram registradas 18.448.277 internações de idosos por diferentes causas no país. A pneumonia e a insuficiência cardíaca são as principais causas de internações, com maiores números nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. Além disso, as maiores taxas de concentração de mortalidade estão nestas regiões. Considerações finais: Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho reforçam a necessidade de uma maior utilização da atenção básica de saúde, visto que muitas patologias que acometem essa população são preveníveis e tratáveis.Abstract Introduction: Aging is an indicator of improved health services. The number of elderly people can increase from 605 million to 2 billion years between 2000 and 2050. In Brazil, this can be seen since 2013, with a relative representation of 13.0% of the total population. Aging implicates in functional skills, increases the diagnosis of chronic degenerative diseases, health problems and hospitalizations. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the hospitalizations in brazilian elderly. Methodology: This is an exploratory descriptive quantitative study based on cases of hospitalizations, with secondary data contained in the Hospital Information System (SIH/DATASUS), collected through the Hospitalization Authorization form (AIH), in the period from 2010 to 2016. Results: From 2010 to 2016 18,448,277 hospitalizations of the elderly people were registered because of different causes in the country. Pneumonia and heart failure are the main causes of hospitalization, with higher numbers in the South and Southeast. In addition, the highest mortality concentration rates are in these regions. Conclusions: The results found in this paper reinforce the need for greater use of primary health care, as many pathologies that affect this population can be prevented and treated.

scholarly journals The quality of life of the older generation in Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
E. A. Kechyna ◽  
L. V. Filinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

The demographic aging of population typical for many countries requires much more financial and material resources to meet the needs of the post-working-age population. For the Republic of Belarus, the problem of population aging is highly relevant for the share of the elderly grows annually. The article focuses on the social-demographic characteristics and quality of life of the older generation in Belarus. The article is based on the data of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus and the results of the sociological research “Belarus: Family, Stability of Family Relations, and Birth Rate in the Changing Social-Economic Conditions” conducted within the international research program “Generation and Gender”. The authors present a sociological-statistical approach to the analysis of the key characteristics of the elderly’s life in contemporary Belarus, which combines the information resources of sociology and statistics. The authors consider the general statistical data on the population aging and the elderly’s features and the sociological indicators revealing the perception of life at the older age. The assessment of the older generation’s life is presented as a set of indicators of the quality of life, which includes both objective statistical data and estimates of the older people’s satisfaction with various aspects of their life. For the first time in Belarus the quality of life of the 60-69- and 70-79-year-old cohorts is studied not only through statistical data but also taking into account their own assessments of various aspects of their lives, which allows to identify the most relevant issues for the social programs aimed at meeting the needs of the older generation.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Elderly on School Spending in a Median Voter Framework

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Fletcher ◽  
Lawrence W. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Median Voter ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
School Funding ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
County Level ◽  
Price Effect ◽  
Median Voter Model ◽  
Elderly Migrants ◽  
School Spending

How do the elderly influence school spending if they are a minority of the population? We estimate the determinants of school spending in a median voter model, comparing four assumptions about how the elderly influence the identity of the median voter. Using a county-level panel, we find that elderly preferences are best characterized by assuming all elderly or all elderly migrants vote with the poor. Having more elderly results in a median voter who is further down the community's income distribution. This median voter is poorer, which lowers preferred school spending, and faces a lower tax price, which raises preferred school spending. The evidence suggests that the income effect is slightly larger than the price effect, so the elderly on net cause a very small drop in spending. Thus the widespread concern about the negative impact of population aging on school funding seems to be misplaced.

Social Imperatives of Economic Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-22
Author(s):  
A. A. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Real ◽  
Transition Speed ◽  
Demographic Aging

The paper analyzes social imperatives in Russian society in the 2010s in the context of the ongoing reforms and tasks arising from the presidential decrees of 2012 and 2018. The subject of research is the social and economic implications of the population aging and their impact on the state macroeconomic policy. The purpose of research was to identify the real problems of demographic aging and differences in approaches to their solution in developed countries and in Russia. The paper also analyzes the experience of the retirement-age increase in the OECD countries and substantiates the conclusion about its fundamental difference from the Russian reform of 2018 characterized by the socially dangerous transition speed. It is concluded that the economic activity of elderly people in the Russian economy is increasing and has an impact on its future even without raising the retirement age; the real demographic burden of the elderly is revealed which in Russia is much lower at present and in the long term, therefore, there can be no arguments in favor of the reforms carried out. The niche of social transformations related to the growing share of the «NEET» generation unused in the state policy is demonstrated.

Models for the social and labor adaptation of the elderly people in line with the demographic aging of the population

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1817-1833
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova ◽  
M.M. Burkin
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Third Age ◽  
The Third ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

Subject. The article discusses the social and labor adaptation of the elderly people in line with the demographic aging of the population in Western Europe and Russia. Objectives. In the study, we conduct a comparative evaluation of healthcare and social aid in the Nordic countries, such as Norway, Sweden, Finland, and assess whether it can be adapted regionally, illustrating the case of the Republic of Karelia (Russia). Methods. The current situation is analyzed through regulatory and legislative documents on retirement benefits, social security and healthcare in the Nordic countries, Russia and the Republic of Karelia (Russia), and official statistics. All data were sorted as a special set of data that includes several related blocks, such as legislative and regulatory documents, retirement benefits and financial aid, social aid, healthcare. We carried out a comparative analysis of key medical-demographic and socio-economic indicators, and statistical apparatus. Results. Consecutively summarizing the situation in the Nordic countries and Russia, and evaluating population aging patterns in the regional context, we discovered distinctions of the social and labor adaptation at the macro- and meso-levels. The article analyzed areas of retirement benefits and financial wellbeing, social and medical aid, labor and professional adaptation, educational support to the elderly people. We especially evaluate whether it is possible to implement social innovations of the Nordic countries for the third age people in the Russian practice and at the regional level, in particular. Conclusions and Relevance. We suggest following various areas of the social and labor adaptation of the elderly people by integrating a comprehensive approach with respect to the issue. The findings can be used to outline programs for the healthcare and demographic policy with reference to processes of the demographic aging and in pursuit of the better standards of living of the third age group.

scholarly journals New concept of age(ing): Prospective age

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Devedzic ◽  
Jelena Stojilkovic
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
Age Dependency Ratio

While the last century was the century of world population growth, according to demographers, the XXI century will be century of population aging. Statistics undoubtedly show that number of elderly will continue it?s growth in the future. If old age is seen as period of life with reduced physical and mental capabilities and increased disability, and demographic aging as increase of dependent population, trends are quite disturbing, at least in certain societal segments. In developed countries, this population category is no longer treated as passive or as a "burden of society" and efforts are made for better social inclusion of older people. In contrast to growing interest in this phenomenon, the concepts that define the aging of the population remained stagnant. The aim of this paper is to introduce into domestic literature the term "prospective age" as a dynamic category which is more affected with socio-historical conditions, not only with biological as traditional definition of aging suggested. Papers written by Sanderson and Scherbov offer new methodological options for study of population aging, because it takes into account the biometric rather than chronological approach. Calculation of prospective years is a simple operation that requires pair of the same number of remained life expectancy from life tables for two different periods (the year of concern is index, and the one we are comparing with is standard year), so that phrase "40s is the new 30s" or "70s the new 60s" gets scientific foundation. Average remaining years of life represent a realistic indicator suggesting increased capacity, activity and vitality of individuals, which is due to accepted demographic parameters still considered old. ?Prospective threshold? is defined as the age when life expectancy falls below 15 years (it is subjective choice made by Sanderson and Scherbov, which is also used in this paper) and during the elaboration of these ideas three demographic indicators was constructed, redefined more precisely, based on prospective age: (prospective) share of the elderly, (prospective) median age and (prospective) old age dependency ratio. With respect to the remaining years of life in the calculation of demographic aging, world?s population will be in rejuvenation process by 2035, longer and more intense than defined by proportion of the elderly. Prospective approach found that longer life expectancy in developing countries is not only a result of the decrease in infant and child mortality, but also the decrease of the old population mortality. Data used in this paper are from period life tables and censuses, for period 1953-2010. Prospective age threshold in Serbia was always higher than retrospective age (60,17 in 1953 .and 63,15 in 2010. for total population) , or the proportion of people with a life expectancy less than 15 years has consistently been higher than the share of people older than 65 years (17.86% vs. 16.92% in 2010). According to prospective criteria, differences between men and women almost do not existent, so that it calls into question the widely accepted feminization of the elderly. The same conclusion stands when we discuss (prospective) median age, population is older using prospective (47,15 years) than traditional (41.41) indicator in 2010, also, compared with rest of the region or with more developed countries, prospective median age is higher in Serbia. Also, prospective old-age dependency ratio is higher than conventional one during analyzed period. Prospective concept and amendments are necessary in public policy, especially pension and health care system, because in combination with traditional approaches can create more justified distribution for older and younger generations.

Forms of physical activity of the elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Piotr Czarnecki ◽  
◽  
Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz ◽  
Lidia Perenc ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Key Phrases ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Physical activity is known to be an important factor influencing health throughout human life. This issue has become crucial for public health due to the aging of the population in both developed and developing countries. Aim. is to present a literature review on the forms of physical activity undertaken by the elderly, as well as on issues related to physical activity and the population aging. Material and methods. The study was prepared on the basis of a review of Polish and foreign literature. The following databases and data sources were used: EBSCO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. An additional source of data were the websites of the Central Statistical Office. Strictly defined key phrases were used during the collection of literature. The work has been divided into thematic subsections on the aging of the society, the impact of physical activity on health and the main topic, i.e. forms of physical activity selected by the elderly. Analysis of the literature. The number of elderly people in Polish society has increased by almost 3.7 million over three decades. Therefore, an important topic is prophylaxis aimed at increasing the number of days in good health, largely covering the broadly understood activation of the elderly. The available data indicate that only 12% of elderly people undertake physical activity once a week. The most common form of spending free time actively is walking (as many as 73% of people in this population declare this form of physical activity in one of the presented studies). Conclusion. Organized forms of physical activity are undertaken much less frequently by the analyzed age group mainly due to financial limitations and limited availability of sports infrastructure.

Applying personalized medicine to adult severe asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. e8-e16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Tiotiu
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Eosinophilic Asthma ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Structured Approach

Background: Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease that consists of various phenotypes driven by different pathways. Associated with significant morbidity, an important negative impact on the quality of life of patients, and increased health care costs, severe asthma represents a challenge for the clinician. With the introduction of various antibodies that target type 2 inflammation (T2) pathways, severe asthma therapy is gradually moving to a personalized medicine approach. Objective: The purpose of this review was to emphasize the important role of personalized medicine in adult severe asthma management. Methods: An extensive research was conducted in medical literature data bases by applying terms such as “severe asthma” associated with “structured approach,” “comorbidities,” “biomarkers,” “phenotypes/endotypes,” and “biologic therapies.” Results: The management of severe asthma starts with a structured approach to confirm the diagnosis, assess the adherence to medications and identify confounding factors and comorbidities. The definition of phenotypes or endotypes (phenotypes defined by mechanisms and identified through biomarkers) is an important step toward the use of personalized medicine in asthma. Severe allergic and nonallergic eosinophilic asthma are two defined T2 phenotypes for which there are efficacious targeted biologic therapies currently available. Non-T2 phenotype remains to be characterized, and less efficient target therapy exists. Conclusion: Despite important progress in applying personalized medicine to severe asthma, especially in T2 inflammatory phenotypes, future research is needed to find valid biomarkers predictive for the response to available biologic therapies to develop more effective therapies in non-T2 phenotype.

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