scholarly journals Formation of a system of real support measures large families

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-357
Author(s):  
Nina Voskolovich ◽  
Ibragimkhalil Askhabaliyev
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
State Support ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Income Family ◽  
First Child ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Families

The article summarizes the results of the analysis of the use of instruments of state support for large families in Russia, taking into account the social and demographic situation. The purpose of the study is to analyze is to substantiate proposals for direct real support of large families to overcome the trend of depopulation in Russia. The categories «large family», «low-income family» and «low-income family» have been clarified to determine the most effective measures to support large families. Measures of state support for large families have been differentiated according to the characteristics of their direct or indirect, potential or actual receipt by such families, which allows us to assess their effectiveness in stimulating an increase in the birth rate. The analysis of the contribution of large families to the increase in natural population growth is given, the influence of such factors as a reduction in the reproductive contingent, in particular, due to a decrease in the number of women of fertile age, an increase in the average age of mothers giving birth to their first child and subsequent children, a decrease in the mother's living standards in large families is shown. A study of the state support for large families operating in Russian regions was carried out, which made it possible to reveal the prevalence of indirect potential tools over direct real ones that do not have a significant effect on improving the conditions and living standards of families with three or more children. As a result of the analytical study, a potential opportunity was revealed to solve the problems of depopulation by creating material and financial conditions for increasing the number of large families. The progressive foreign experience on the use of direct real measures to support large families, depending on the number of children being brought up, is generalized. Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of measures to support large families by providing real (direct) state support have been substantiated

scholarly journals Social Science Genetics and Fertility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix C Tropf
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Environment Change ◽  
Fertility Choice ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
First Child ◽  
Molecular Genetic Data ◽  
The Social

To what extent do genes influence the age at which you have your first child and the total number of children that you have? Does the (social) environment change genetic effects on fertility? Do genes lead to spurious associations between life outcomes such as education and age at first birth? The social sciences have been reticent to integrate a genetic approach to the study of fertility choice and behaviour, resulting in theories and findings that are largely socially deterministic. This dissertation investigates genetic and environmental influences on human fertility—aswell as their interplay—using both twin data as well as molecular genetic data of more than 31,000 genotyped individuals from 6 countries.

scholarly journals Social food practices of children in the low-income Russian families

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Egoryshev ◽  
R. M. Sadykov ◽  
Yu. V. Migunova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Republic

The article is based on the results of the study of social practices of nutrition of children in low-income Russian families. The authors consider approaches to the study of food practices as a historically and culturally determined phenomenon, which is in many respects connected with social-economic characteristics and problems of the contemporary society. The quality of nutrition is defined as the main indicator of the social-economic development of the country determining public health and social potential. Today the Russian society is characterized by the deterioration of the children and adolescents’ health, including due to the decrease in the nutritional value of the family food consumption. The current situation proves the social significance of the problem of nutrition for children and other groups of population, which is manifested in the close relationship between the dietary practices and the content of the national projects implemented in Russia. The article presents the data of official statistics and the results of the survey conducted in the Republic of Bashkortostan, which characterize the existing and emerging food practices in Russian families as depending on their incomes and number of children. According to the results of the survey, for 35% of families the food expenses make up to 30-40% of their income, for 26% - 40-50%, while the share of 20-25% is considered the global threshold of poverty. With an increase in the level of income, the share of food expenses decreases, and vice versa; and the nutrition in small families is much better and diverse than in large families, i.e. the social nutrition practices of the Russian families depend on their incomes and living standards.

scholarly journals Influence of the social and medical factors on tuberculosis morbidity in children and adolescents

2008 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
O. V. Moiseeva
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Local Resistance ◽  
Medical Factors ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Tuberculin Testing ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Has studied influence of social and medical factors on tuberculosis morbidity in children and adolescents at Udmurt Republic. The study involved children and adolescents receiving preventive antituberculosis medications in 1990. Tuberculin testing was Irregular in 73.2 % of children with tuberculosis. Preventive treatment was irregular or untimely in 76.1 % of children needed this therapy in spite of annual increase in number of children and adolescents treated preventively. In a half of cases, administration of preventive antibiotics did not consider local resistance of Micobacterium tuberculosis. Persons infected with tuberculosis generally had low educational level, poor living conditions and hazardous habits influencing on the local epidemiological situation. One third of persons infected with had low income.

Demographic policies for large families in Greece: an opinion survey and implications for the social administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-722
Author(s):  
Dimitrios S. Stamoulis ◽  
Dimitrios N. Lambrou
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Fiscal Constraints ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
What Works ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Large Families

Opinion surveys as a tool for policy formation and effectiveness testing in the area of demographic / family policies is rather neglected, although it may reveal significant perceived effectiveness and preference rankings by the recipients of these policies, giving a strong indication of what works best for families who are thinking of or have already been accredited the status of a large family. In an era of demographic decline and fiscal constraints, demographic / family policies need to be focused on what parents consider as important in order to affect their decisions. Given that the demographic decline has a negative cascading effect on several aspects of economy, society and personal life, selecting the policies that work best according to parents’ views who are the decision makers in these policy field, should be an imperative for governments nowadays.

Youth poverty and social exclusion in the UK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldin Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Social ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Social Distribution ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Direct Measures ◽  
Youth Transitions

Eldin Fahmy examines the nature, extent and social distribution of youth deprivation and social exclusion amongst 16-29 year olds living in Britain. He explores our understanding of youth marginality and disadvantage, through supplement income data with direct measures of deprivation of living standards and exclusion from customary norms. There is a focus on the social profile of vulnerability amongst young people, beyond relative low-income measures. He compares data for 1990, 1999 and 2012 to explore young people’s vulnerability and disadvantage in the context of youth transitions and disadvantage.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Assessments of Significance of Measures of Assistance to Families with Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Valeriy Yelizarov ◽  
Vladimir Arkhangel’skiy ◽  
Natal’ya Dzhanayeva
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
The Family ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
The Impact

The Object of the Study - families with children.The Subject of the Study is the importance for families with children of various support measures.Purpose of the Study is studying of the significance of measures to help families with children, depending on the living standards and regional differences in the estimates.The Main Provisions of the Article. The problem of poverty of families with children remains relevant. Moreover, the situation has deteriorated in recent years. Thus, the proportion of children under 7 living in households with per capita incomes below the subsistence level increased from 15.6% in 2012 to 28.0% in 2017.Having children increases the risk of poverty for the family. Most families are interested in various support measures, primarily economic, financial. But how do families with children evaluate existing measures and proposed ones?The significance of assistance to families with children varies depending on different characteristics of the family, and above all, on the standard of living achieved. The differences can be considered both at the level of families with different incomes and different assessments of living standards as well as in inter-regional comparisons.Taking the differences into account is important for evaluating the effectiveness of existing measures and developing proposals for expanding family support measures.One of the largest, representative surveys allowing for inter-regional comparisons and containing information on assessing the significance of measures to help families with children is the 2015 microcensus of the Russian population. In the microcensus questionnaire there was a question about conditions that could contribute to the birth of the desired number of children. It was proposed on a five-point scale to assess the possible degree of influence of various measures of assistance to families with children, both existing and those that could possibly be introduced in the future. Of the current measures, the highest rating was given to federal maternal (family) capital. Women, on average, compared with men, rated the significance of almost all measures slightly higher. The estimates obtained differ between the subjects of Russiya. Thus, the importance of maternal capital turned out to be higher in those subjects of Russiya where the indicators of living standards and, above all, per capita incomes are lower.To analyze the impact of living standards on assessing the significance of measures to help families with children, correlation coefficients between assessing the significance of measures and available indicators of living standards (average per capita income, lack of available resources in low-income households, share of people with incomes below the subsistence level, etc.) were calculated.In conclusion, new measures to support families with children that were not there at the time of the survey in 2015 have been considered. It is being planned to further develop measures to reduce the poverty of families with children, both at the federal and regional levels. Additional sample studies are needed to answer the questions: how the measures already taken reduce the poverty of families with children, which prevents the implementation of existing measures with greater effectiveness, what kind of support measures do families with different numbers of children need to develop

scholarly journals THE SOCIAL ASSISTENCE FOR STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Ilga Krampuža
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Income Family ◽  
Computer Equipment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Empirical Research Methods ◽  
State And Local ◽  
To Receive

The purpose of the resarch is to exploring opportunities for students to receive social assistance from the state and local government in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. Both theoretical and empirical research methods were used in this study. State social assistance to students would be expected by providing material support for the purchase of computer equipment. Municipal social assistance is expected both in the form of a crisis benefit and indirectly by supporting the student's family if it enters the status of a poor or low-income family.

Children's Attribution of Negative Traits to Authority Figures as a Function of Family Size and Sex

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
Gordon B. Forbes ◽  
Dale Dykstra
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Projective Test ◽  
The Social ◽  
Authority Figures ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Attitudes Toward Authority

Attitudes toward authority were measured in 196 first through fourth grade students with a semi-projective test. It was found that boys ( N = 105) had more negative attitudes toward authority than girls ( N = 91). Boys from large families had more negative attitudes than males from small families. No relationship between attitudes toward authority and family size was found for girls. The findings suggest that the social learning experiences accompanying large family life produce more negative perceptions of authority.

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