scholarly journals Political contexts of the "soft power", cultural and educational diplomacy of the european countries through channels of local-global interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Chumakov
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
National Language ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
European Values

The use of "soft power" as the set of extensive organizational and project tools by the conventional bodies of the European Union and leading European countries (Great Britain, Germany, France, Spain) for informal promotion of their national interests and common European values in third countries, including Russia, is being examined. Existence of the EU as itself in the comprehensive configuration and with the current ideological principles serves not so much as an example and a role model but as an object of aspiration of both the political elites of non-EU countries and their ordinary population. Despite the notorious disagreements among some of its members on certain political issues EU demonstrates solidarity in adherence to the principles, norms and rules developed over decades for socio-economic and cultural-humanitarian integration. Considered national language programs, cultural and educational initiatives have a common feature that the studied foreign language fully reflects the life of its “native” land. Moreover, textbooks and teaching aids in most cases contain value orientations of the people or value agenda of the whole country. All of them are designed to train foreigners in a variety of majors: as a result, most exchange students participate therein for their capabilities expansion, personal capital increasement and possible further employment in the country of study, based on the expected high level of income and everyday life. Conclusion is drawn about the disproportion of the significant resources directed by individual European states and the central EU bodies to promote common European cultural and political values, and the relatively modest efforts of the Russian government to expand the “global” Russian world towards the “local” areas which historically and civilizationally gravitate to Russia.

scholarly journals The cultural constituent of the European Soft Power in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
A.Zh. Seitkhamit ◽  
◽  
S.M. Nurdavletova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The European Union dynamically exercises various forms and methods of the Soft Power in its foreign policy. The article reviews its main principles and characteristics as well as conceptual basics. As an example, the article considers the European cultural diplomacy in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a method of soft power. The authors pay an attention specific actions of the European cultural diplomacy in Kazakhstan as well as the mechanisms of its implementation. Apart from that, cultural soft power of two European countries – France and Germany – are considered as separate actions of the EU member states in the sphere of culture. Finally, it assesses importance of Kazakhstan for the EU and effectiveness of such policy in this country.

European values: theoretical foundations formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Cherednychenko
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
European Values ◽  
The Individual

Ukraine needs systematic political, legal and economic reforms. All these changes are aimed at bringing Ukraine closer to the European Union and introducing European values and standards into Ukraine’s state policy. Despite a deep study of the notion of «value» and the introduction of «European values» into the political life of society, scientists have very superficially considered the issues of Ukrainian values, and their reorientation and adaptation to European values and standards. This is first and foremost due to the difficult and unstable development of the Ukrainian political space. In view of all these problems, it is appropriate to study such concepts as: «values of political space», «European values», «values of Ukrainian society». The values of political space include ideas of political needs of certain subjects. Values of political space are formed from political realities, they are elements in which the subjects are endowed with appropriate needs and positions that determine the position or disposition of the subject in that space. The difference between political values and values of political space lies in the fact that political space reflects the desired result of political activity, as opposed to the values of the political ones that reflect the preferences, interests of the political space actors, who live in the system in real time, and fight beyond the spheres of influence. Everyone has to comprehend value-based ideas, in particular about the purpose of the individual, moral and spiritual ideals, inner convictions, etc., based on the historical, cultural and spiritual heritage of our Motherland and European standards. Today the state is transformed from a society with a traditional system, elements of authoritarianism into a socially oriented society with a transparent democracy.  Replacement of existing value systems with the European scale of values, orientation to moral healing of society, increasing importance of culture, depriving the burden of corruption manifestations.

Characteristics of the political values of the united Europe in the context of Ukraine's European integration aspirations

2017 ◽  
pp. 302-310
Author(s):  
Ivan Osadtsa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
European Community ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Values ◽  
European Values ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The analysis of political values of the European Union and source of their origin are analyzed, and the peculiarity of European values to the Ukrainian society is determined. It is concluded that despite the fact that the orientation towards joining the European Union is legally determined and supported by a large part of Ukrainian society, the transformation of all spheres of his life according to the values of the European community is extremely slow. Keywords: European political values, European integration, self-determination, democracy, freedom of speech

Attitudes Toward LGBT People and Their Rights in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kath Wilson
Keyword(s):  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
Common European Asylum System ◽  
European Values ◽  
Lgbt People

Attitudes toward LGBT people have changed in Europe since the 1990s; there is generally much more tolerance and acceptance. Evidence drawn from surveys and research projects including the European Social Survey, European Values Study, and Pew Research Center illustrate the types of attitudes that have changed, and in which European countries change has occurred. A comparison of attitudes and tolerance across Europe indicates that some countries and groups of countries are more accepting of LGBT people. North-western European nations appear high in the tolerance rankings of trend surveys, while more easterly European nations have not always followed this progression. Indeed, in cases such as Russia and Chechnya, “propaganda laws” have denied LGBT people basic human rights. Hostility toward and violence against LGBT people is perpetrated with seeming impunity in these areas. Factors that influence attitudes toward LGBT people and their rights include democracy and economic development, religiosity, global forces, and degrees of contact. There is a clear link between legislation and attitudes; in countries where legislation is in place and, for example, where same-sex marriage is legal, surveys overwhelmingly show a higher acceptance of LGBT people. Legislation is a powerful influence in shaping social attitudes, so it is important to consider the legislation adopted by various European countries. Institutions such as the European Union are effective in providing protections for LGBT citizens as well as leading on areas such as the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). There has been “pushback” in terms of change and one of the more contested areas is same-sex marriage. While the trend since the late 20th century has seemed to be toward introducing same-sex marriage, a number of countries, largely in Eastern Europe, have introduced constitutional bans on same-sex marriage, defining marriage as solely between a man and woman. The position of trans and non-binary people is particularly perilous since there is very little legislative protection in place for them. There has been a positive change in attitudes and legislation across Europe which has enhanced the lived lives of LGBT people; these changes, however, have not been even or uniform across the area.

scholarly journals Young Europeans: A New Political Generation?

Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Alistair Ross
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Young People ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Political Views ◽  
European Values ◽  
Rights Issues

Young people in Europe are often described as apolitical non-participants in the civic culture of their own states and the European Union (EU). Using empirical data based on group discussions (n = 324) in 29 European states (104 locations; 2000 young people aged between 11 and 19), this paper challenges this, and suggests that many young people have distinct political views and are motivated to participate in both political discussions and traditional and non-traditional forms of participation. They are particularly interested in a range of current issues, largely around human rights, migration and (anti-)nationalism, and the article illustrates this with examples from a range of countries. Human rights issues raised concerned their perception of contemporary injustices, which were constructed as European values and formed a significant element in their self-identification as Europeans, and a general unwillingness to be identified with ‘the nation’. This broad pan-European analysis suggests that young people see themselves in many ways as a politically distinct cohort, a generation with different political values than those of their parents and grandparents.

scholarly journals Does the European Identity Really Exist? An Analysis of the European Unity Value Foundations in the Case of Its Mediatory Role in The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
S. V. Melnikova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Foreign Policy ◽  
European Values ◽  
The Eu

As the issues of cultural identity (a hidden code that shapes cultural identity of states or supranational organisations) in the context of international actors’ attitudes and world politics as such are topical, it is necessary to analyze specific indicators of such codes and behavior patterns. The tensions between the real attitudes manifested in foreign policy and the values declared in official documents prevent the formation of a single cultural identity, but shed light on real policy drivers. The article deals with the features of cultural identity as a phenomenon in international relations in the particular case of the European Union’s value orientations, indicated in official documents, and the EU foreign policy when mediating the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. As now the EU single cultural space faces internal crisis, it is legitimate to raise the issue of whether single European culture or common European values exist. A particular axiological analysis of EU Common Foreign and Security Policy in the Middle East, of both actions and declarations in the abovementioned peace talks shall contribute to the research. In this context, a passive role of the European Union in such a complex conflict as the Palestinian-Israeli one demonstrates the peculiarities of internal processes in the EU. This allows us to conclude whether the cultural identity of the European Union is real, or whether the EU is a legal fiction, an artificial union of different national identities.

Library and Museum Collections Digitization Projects in Finland

2009 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Yulia S. Chechikova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Heritage

Digitization of a national cultural and scientific heritage is one of the long-term strategic problems of the European countries’ governments. Member countries of the European Union make major efforts in providing access to their cultural heritage. In the article the process of an access provision is described for Finland.

scholarly journals Global online platforms, COVID-19, and culture: The global pandemic, an accelerator towards which direction?

2021 ◽  
pp. 016344372199453
Author(s):  
Antonios Vlassis
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Major Development ◽  
The Us ◽  
Media Platform

The article proposes to consider the COVID-19 global pandemic as new major development for cultural industries and policies and to highlight timely and crucial trends due to the lockdown measures. Thus, it attempts to stimulate the scholarship debate regarding the consequences of the pandemic to the action of global online platforms, as well as to policy and economic aspects of cultural sectors. Taking as case study the audio-visual sector, the article explores whether the US global streaming platforms are the winning players of the lockdown measures and emphasizes the multifaceted strategies developed by US-based platforms in order to strengthen their soft power. Focusing on China and the European Union, the article also argues that the overwhelming action of US-based online platforms triggers the potential emergence of media platform regionalization in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, it highlights the regulatory challenges and how the new empirical trends are expected to shape the current audio-visual policy framework. The analysis focuses on the period between the beginning of global pandemic in Asia-Pacific in January 2020 and the progressive easing of lockdown measures in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific in July 2020.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Central Europe

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3415
Author(s):  
Bartosz Jóźwik ◽  
Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv ◽  
Phouphet Kyophilavong ◽  
Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Central European ◽  
Long Run

The rapid economic growth observed in Central European countries in the last thirty years has been the result of profound political changes and economic liberalization. This growth is partly connected with reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the problem of CO2 emissions seems to remain unresolved. The aim of this paper is to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds true for Central European countries in an annual sample data that covers 1995–2016 in most countries. We examine cointegration by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing. This is the first study examining the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in individual Central European countries from a long-run perspective, which allows the results to be compared. We confirmed the cointegration, but our estimates confirmed the EKC hypothesis only in Poland. It should also be noted that in all nine countries, energy consumption leads to increased CO2 emissions. The long-run elasticity ranges between 1.5 in Bulgaria and 2.0 in Croatia. We observed exceptionally low long-run elasticity in Estonia (0.49). Our findings suggest that to solve the environmental degradation problem in Central Europe, it is necessary to individualize the policies implemented in the European Union.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of IPAQ-SF and GPAQ for Assessing Sedentary Behaviour in Adults in the European Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4602
Author(s):  
Kaja Meh ◽  
Gregor Jurak ◽  
Maroje Sorić ◽  
Paulo Rocha ◽  
Vedrana Sember
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
European Union ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
National Language ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Activity Questionnaires ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Current lifestyles are marked by sedentary behaviour; thus, it is of great importance for policymaking to have valid and reliable tools to measure sedentary behaviour in order to combat it. Therefore, the aim of this review and meta-analysis is to critically review, assess, and compile the reliability, criterion validity, and construct validity of the single-item sedentary behaviour questions within national language versions of most commonly used international physical activity questionnaires for adults in the European Union: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. A total of 1749 records were screened, 287 full-text papers were read, and 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results and quality of studies were evaluated by the Quality Assessment of Physical Activity Questionnaires checklist. Meta-analysis indicated moderate to high reliability (rw = 0.59) and concurrent validity (rw = 0.55) of national language versions of single-item sedentary behaviour questions. Criterion validity was rather low (rw = 0.23) but in concordance with previous studies. The risk of bias analysis highlighted the poor reporting of methods and results, with a total bias score of 0.42. Thus, we recommend using multi-item SB questionnaires and smart trackers for providing information on SB rather than single-item sedentary behaviour questions in physical activity questionnaires.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document