scholarly journals Research on the readability of the chosen General Insurance Terms and Conditions on the Polish market

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Barczuk-Grędzińska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
General Insurance ◽  
Consumer Contracts ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Readability Formulas

Readability and the study of complexity of functional texts are of interest to many contemporary researchers. Nowadays, in the age of miniaturization, simplification of our everyday life components, portability, and domination of short text forms in the mass media, we can observe a decrease in interest in reading larger texts or those containing specialized, difficult to understand vocabulary. This is how consumer contracts (including insurance contracts) are perceived. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to examine and evaluate the readability of the General Insurance Terms and Conditions (hereinafter referred as: Insurance GTC) — an integral part of the insurance contract. In order to determine whether the language of the Insurance GTC is easy to understand, precise and clear for consumers, a quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out using readability formulas, in particular FOG-PL — fully adapted to the specificity of the Polish language. The Insurance GTC corpus from four different insurance groups was examined, and its level of language “fogginess” was compared with other utility texts.

scholarly journals A ‘NEW NORMAL’ OF CODE-SWITCHING: COVID-19, THE INDONESIAN MEDIA AND LANGUAGE CHANGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Mannix Foster ◽  
Alistair Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Lexical Effects ◽  
Sample Data

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed behavioural norms and how people conceptualise everyday life. It has led to prolific use of specific terminology that is new or was previously outside the lexical boundaries of common use. Terms like ‘social distancing’, ‘lockdown’ and ‘new normal' were previously jargon limited to specialist fields. The COVID-19 pandemic which spread globally in 2020 has led to great social change and an associated lexical influence. To study this phenomenon, we examine the lexical effects of COVID-19 on the Indonesian language, through analysis of two well-known Indonesian national newspapers – Kompas and Suara Pembaruan, for the month of May 2020. This was at a time of growing awareness of COVID-19 in Indonesia, that included a partial lockdown in Jakarta. As such, there was a great deal of attention to COVID-19 in the mass media. To study this, we apply quantitative content analysis to the sample data to identify the range and frequency of words borrowed from English. We examine this use of code-switching to also undertake qualitative analysis, exploring the various socio-linguistic dimensions of those borrowed terms. Some usage was found to address lexical gaps in Indonesian language, where other usage appeared more for stylistic, emphatic purposes, drawing on the semiotic power of English in the Indonesian context. Code-switching reiteration was particularly prominent in the sample data. We argue that through code-switching reiteration, the print media can introduce new foreign vocabulary to Indonesian readers, which subsequently generates opportunities for language change. COVID-19 has expedited this process, meaning that there has been an increased likelihood of Indonesian language change during 2020.

Cláusulas de franquicia o deducible en seguros de responsabilidad civil en el Derecho español: Naturaleza y efectos respecto de terceros perjudicados

2018 ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Rafael Lara González
Keyword(s):  
Civil Liability ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Spanish Law ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Legal Nature

ResumenPese a su ubicuidad en la práctica contractual, las cláusulas de franquicia han recibido tratamiento incidental en la doctrina. La discusión sobre ellas se ha enfocado en los contratos de seguros de responsabilidad civil, y en la interpretación del artículo 76 de la Ley española de Contrato de Seguro. En este contexto se ha tratado de establecer si el asegurador puede o no oponer la cláusula de franquicia al tercero perjudicado. El presente trabajo analiza la cláusula de franquicia en la obligación principal del asegurador, su naturaleza jurídica, y examina su relación con los terceros perjudicados. La consideración principal a este respecto estará en si nos encontramos ante un seguro obligatorio o ante un seguro voluntario de responsabilidad civil. Palabras clave: Contrato de seguro; Cláusula de franquicia; Terceroperjudicado; Responsabilidad civil.AbstractDespite their ubiquity in contractual praxis, deductible clauses have received only incidental treatment in legal doctrine. Discussion on them has focused on civil liability insurance contracts, and the interpretation of article 76 of the Spanish Law of Insurance Contracts. In this context it has been attempted to establish whether the insurer can invoke the clause to oppose the injured third party's claim. This article examines the deductible clause included in the insurer's main obligation, its legal nature, and its relation to injured third parties. The main consideration in this regard will be whether the insurance contract is of a mandatory or voluntary nature.Keywords: Insurance contract; Deductible clause; Injured third party; Civil liability.

Qualitative Analysis on a Child’s Self-initiated Drawing Activities Associated with the Experiences of Watching Mass Media

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-360
Author(s):  
Youngcook Jun ◽  
◽  
Sung Ah Bae ◽  
Yong-Sock Chang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Qualitative Analysis

scholarly journals The IFRS 17 contractual service margin: a life insurance perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Yousuf ◽  
J. Stansfield ◽  
K. Malde ◽  
N. Mirin ◽  
R. Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Ifrs 4 ◽  
Insurance Perspective ◽  
To Come

Abstract IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts is a new accounting standard currently expected to come into force on 1 January 2023. It supersedes IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. IFRS 17 establishes key principles that entities must apply in all aspects of the accounting of insurance contracts. In doing so, the Standard aims to increase the usefulness, comparability, transparency and quality of financial statements. A fundamental concept introduced by IFRS 17 is the contractual service margin (CSM). This represents the unearned profit that an entity expects to earn as it provides services. However, as a principles-based standard, IFRS 17 results in entities having to apply significant judgement when determining the inputs, assumptions and techniques it uses to determine the CSM at each reporting period. In general, the Standard resolves broad categories of mismatches which arise under IFRS 4. Notable examples include mismatches between assets recorded at current market value and liabilities calculated using fixed discount rates as well as inconsistencies in the timing of profit recognition over the duration of an insurance contract. However, there are requirements of IFRS 17 that may create economic or accounting mismatches of its own. For example, new mismatches could arise between the measurement of underlying contracts and the corresponding reinsurance held. Additionally, mismatches can still arise between the measurement of liabilities and the assets that support the liabilities. This paper explores the technical, operational and commercial issues that arise across these and other areas focusing on the CSM. As a standard that is still very much in its infancy, and for which wider consensus on topics is yet to be achieved, this paper aims to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the issues and opportunities that accompany it.

Models of Self-Identification of Russian Bulgarians in Siberia: The Example of the Bulgarians of the Tyumen Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Марина Петровна Кляус ◽  
Галин Георгиев
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Geographic Dispersion ◽  
Bulgarian Population ◽  
Interethnic Interaction ◽  
Interethnic Marriages

В статье рассматриваются представления болгарского населения Тюменской области о своей этнической идентичности на современном этапе, а также предложены и охарактеризованы модели самоидентификации российских болгар. Источниковой базой выступили интервью с болгарами Тюмени и Нижневартовска. Качественный анализ интервью позволил выявить проблему этнической самоидентификации потомков межнациональных браков, особенности опыта респондентов в выборе этничности, направления процессов межэтнического взаимодействия в быту, языкового и культурного взаимовлияния. В статье рассмотрены и проанализированы общественные организации болгар, социальные платформы и виртуальные этнические группы. Авторы приходят к выводу, что болгары, проживающие в Тюменской области, несмотря на немногочисленность и дисперсность проживания, сохраняют свою этническую идентичность, успешно интегрировавшись в социально-экономическое, политическое и культурное пространство этого Западно-Сибирского региона. This article examines the ideas of the Bulgarian population of the Tyumen Region about its ethnic identity and proposes models of self-identification among Russian Bulgarians. Interviews with Bulgarians from Tyumen and Nizhnevartovsk were the source base. A qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed the problem of ethnic self-identification of the offspring of interethnic marriages; specifics of respondents’ experience in choosing ethnicity; and the nature of interethnic interaction in everyday life, including linguistic and cultural interaction. The article also considers public organizations of Bulgarians, social platforms and virtual ethnic groups. The authors conclude that the Bulgarians living in the Tyumen Region, despite their small number and geographic dispersion, retain their ethnic identity, successfully integrating into the socio-economic, political and cultural space of this West Siberian region.

"Getting down with Covid, being crowned, under quarantine, or language transformations during a pandemic "

Lyuboslovie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 276-292
Author(s):  
Desislava Cheshmedzhieva-Stoycheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mass Media

The focus of the paper is on the neologisms that have occurred in Bulgarian as a result of the pandemic. The corpus of analysis comprises linguistic exchanges collected during some personal conversations of the author with a number of informants as well as occurrences of the encountered neologisms in the social and mainstream media. The neologisms were also compared with the linguistic entries in some reference books and their frequency of use was checked through search engines. One of the main conclusions reached is that despite the fact that some of the analysed neologisms are not part of the official lexicon they are widely used in the social and the mass media, which means they are an active part of everyday life of Bulgarians.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЗАПОЗИЧЕНИХ ЛЕКСЕМ У МОВІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ МАСОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 204-207
Author(s):  
Maryna Navalna
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Educational Communication ◽  
The West ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
Descriptive Method

The article analyzes the most commonly used foreign-language lexical items in the language of modern Ukrainian mass media. The object of the article is to study the thematic direction of foreign-language lexical items, to determine their stylistic role, as well as to indicate the instability of spelling of certain borrowings. The descriptive method and method of observation are used as main in scientific research for the study of lexical items in the language of Ukrainian periodicals of the beginning of the XXI century. At different stages of the research, the method of functional analysis was used to determine the stylistic load of lexical items. Foreign-language words are an integral part of Ukrainian vocabulary, due to some extralinguistic factors, such as Ukraine’s course towards European integration, the process of globalization, restructuring of the economy, orientation towards the countries of the West, that have caused a close cultural, political, and social and economic cooperation of the Ukrainians with other nations. As the language of modern mass media shows, borrowings get into various scopes of society: economic, social and political, scientific, cultural, educational, communication, everyday life etc. Due to the active borrowing of foreign-language lexical items, we can have a threatening linguistic situation: functioning of doublets in the language, increasing the number of unwanted homonyms, borrowing of proper names without translation, borrowing of words that aim at imitating something different. Often borrowings in the Ukrainian language have different spelling, which proves the instability of spelling and which requires further scientific researches.

scholarly journals Pecularities of Borrowed Lexical Items Functioning in Ukrainian Mass Media Language

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Maryna Navalna
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Educational Communication ◽  
The West ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
Descriptive Method

The article analyzes the most commonly used foreign-language lexical items in the language of modern Ukrainian mass media. The objective of the article is to study the thematic direction of foreign-language lexical items, to determine their stylistic role, as well as to indicate the instability of spelling of certain borrowings. The descriptive method and method of observation are used as the main ones in the scientific research for the study of lexical items in the language of Ukrainian periodicals of the beginning of the XXI century. At different stages of the research, the method of functional analysis was used to determine the stylistic meaning of lexical items. The foreign-language words are an integral part of Ukrainian vocabulary, due to some extralin factors, such as Ukraine’s course towards European integration, the process of globalization, economy restructuring, orientation towards the countries of the West, that have caused the close cultural, political, and social and economic cooperation of the Ukrainians with other nations. As the language of modern mass media shows, the borrowings get into various scopes of society: economic, social and political, scientific, cultural, educational, communication, everyday life etc. Due to the active borrowing of foreign-language lexical items, we can have a threatening linguistic situation: functioning of doublets in the language, increasing the number of unwanted homonyms, borrowing of proper names without translation, borrowing of words that aim at imitating something different. The borrowings in the Ukrainian language have often different spelling, which proves the instability of spelling and requires further scientific researches.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE FOUND IN SONG OF BRUNO MARS ENTITLED “GRENADE”

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Maudy Yaser Fajrin ◽  
Aseptiana Parmawati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
Contextual Meaning ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Individuals use language as a means of communication everywhere and at all times. In today's world, figurative language is often encountered in everyday life, such as in song lyrics. Figurative language is a way of describing something without saying it directly. This research aims to investigate the figurative languages found in the lyrics of the song "Grenade" by analyzing their context and attempting to decipher their meaning. The data tool is song lyrics found on the internet, and the research approach is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results revealed that this album employs figurative language such as metaphor, hyperbole, and repetition. Furthermore, the most figurative words used in the lyrics is hyperbole. Each figurative language's contextual sense is often clarified in relation to the lyric's situation. Keywords: Figurative Language, Song lyrics, Contextual Meaning

Wartość jako kategoria ekonomiczna w świetle wielowymiarowości pojęcia „wartość”

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (23) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Ewa Chomać-Pierzecka
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Is Value

The ambiguity of statements may result in a wrong understanding of their content and incorrect decisions made on their basis. The Polish language uses a number of terms of ambiguous meaning, which determine the level of complication in interpreting and assessing the conveyed content. One of the notions included in this category is „value” – a term commonly used in everyday life, as well as extremely widely in the sphere of enterprise science. The dimension of capturing the value creates the essence of this term, constituting the basis of reference in the mechanisms of its determination. The above assumes particular significance in economic processes, where the process of valuation (pricing) arises directly from the essence of the object of reference and the purpose of measurement, the identification of which determines the content of the economic dimension of the „value” under consideration. Economic value – like value in general, is a complex category. Deepening the content of this concept creates the basis for capturing and measuring the widely understood value (of resources, work, enterprise), hence „value” – including in particular „economic value” should be considered an important category from the point of view of the correctness of the course, and then the analysis of conducted economic processes. The problems of defining the concept of „value” inspired the author to write this article. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning of the term „value” in the light of its ambiguity, with particular emphasis on the economic dimension of its consideration. The study is based on a review and critical assessment of the available literature and studies, with conclusions.

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