scholarly journals Inclusive growth in the fastest-growing Asian countries

Ekonomia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Wioletta Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
First Century ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Jobless Growth ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Working Poverty

The paper discusses the extent of inclusiveness of economic growth in the ten fastest-growing Asian countries between 2001 and 2019. It focuses on essential aspects of inclusiveness i.e. on poverty and inequality reduction and development of employment opportunities for poor people. The study is based on the data retrieved from the ILOSTAT and World Bank Database. In the twenty-first century, the fastest growing countries in Asia have significantly reduced poverty. However, the benefits of rapid economic growth in these countries have not been spread evenly. Income inequality has been steadily increasing in some Asian societies. Besides, economic growth in the fastest-growing countries in Asia has not been always accompanied by an increase in employment opportunities. Although unemployment is not a problem for the large part of the population in Asian countries, a lot of workers are still in extreme or moderate working poverty. Reasons behind the working poor in the fastest-growing Asian countries vary slightly from country to country but the most important are: jobless growth, high vulnerable employment in agriculture and a large part of the non-agricultural labour force working in the informal sector.

Chile

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

During the 2000s Chile achieved rapid economic growth and improved most labour market indicators: the unemployment rate fell; the mix of employment by occupational position and sector improved; the educational level of the employed population, the percentage of registered workers, and labour earnings increased; and all poverty and inequality indicators decreased. The economy suffered a recession during the international crisis of 2008, but recovered quickly. The chapter shows that some labour market indicators were negatively affected by the crisis. The unemployment rate was the only indicator that did not return to its pre-crisis level by the end of the period studied.

scholarly journals Employment Intensity of Economic Growth: Evidence from Nepal

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Madhav Prasad Dahal ◽  
Hemant Rai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Jobless Growth ◽  
Review Period ◽  
Intensive Growth

 Economic growth and employment are taken as the top twin objectives of macroeconomic policy agenda in both developed and developing countries. Economic growth brings changes in employment growth. In general, during time of the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) increasing employment opportunities are created while unemployment will be rising during economic deceleration. This paper examines employment intensity of growth in (i) the economy of Nepal in totality, (ii) three broad economic sectors, and (iii) different sub-sectors of the economy over the period 1998-2018. Empirical result indicates labor-intensive growth in Nepal over the review period. There is no indication of jobless growth.

Prospects for Employment Opportunities in the 1970s

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
Archibald Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Overseas Development ◽  
Key Questions

Unemployment – and underemployment – of large proportions of the labour force is a central factor in almost all of today's developing countries. For many, this situation has steadily worsened despite the achievement during the last decade of relatively high rates of economic growth. Poverty and malaise characterise wide areas of the countryside as well as large sectors of major cities. These problems were explored by the eighth in the series of international conferences on development, sponsored by Cambridge University Overseas Development Committee. Key questions were posed: What are the facts of unemployment and underemployment? What are its causes? What measures should be taken to generate more employment opportunities and to reduce, simultaneously, the more glaring inequalities in the distribution of income?

scholarly journals UPAYA PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PADA SEKTOR BISNIS PARIWISATA DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
N Nasrudin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Made In

Tourism is one of the new style industries, which is able to provide rapid economic growth in terms of employment opportunities, income, standard of living and in activating other production sectors in tourist-receiving countries. While business is an activity to make a profit. In running a business, sometimes there are disputes between business actors and other business actors. Sometimes disputes that occur are due to a party defaulting and the other party feels disadvantaged. Broadly speaking, in Indonesia there are two pathways to resolve disputes namely litigation and non-litigation. The Litigation Path is a settlement effort made in the Court, while the non-litigation path is the settlement effort that is carried out outside the court. This study uses a type of library research, then this study uses a normative qualitative approach. The results of this study conclude that business disputes can occur at any time without exception when the outbreak of Covid 19. For example, the tourism business sector whose turnover has now declined dramatically because there are government regulations that require at home and not traveling. The decline in the turnover of the tourism business sector has made companies negligent, such as not paying full salaries to employees and being late in paying taxes. Such events can lead to disputes between companies and individuals. One of the efforts taken in resolving this dispute was mediation, while the mediation used was electronic mediation considering that the Covid 19 pandemic is not yet over.

scholarly journals How trade diversification and economic growth affect gender inequality in female labour market participation? The case of India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe author attempts to investigate through empirical exercise how the chances of female employment opportunities rise in a developing country like India, against the backdrop of changes in institutions that are associated with globalization. Following Dreher et al. (2012), the author measures how institutional arrangements proxied by political, cultural and social globalization impact women's labour force participation.Design/methodology/approachThe relation between female labour force participation, economic growth and further export diversification are quite complex. The paper develops a simultaneous equation model through a growth equation, gender equation and globalization equation to identify the factors impacting female labour market opportunities in India, based on annual time series data 1991–2019.FindingsThe major results of this study are summarized as: (1) it is social globalization that positively impacts gender equality in employment opportunities apart from economic growth and trade diversification. (2) Evidence of “feminization of labour force” in the context of trade diversification is found and (3) equal gender opportunities reflect in equalizing outcomes in the labour market.Originality/valueThe present study contributes to the literature on gender inequality and economic growth in three major ways. First, it focuses upon a set of factors that explain gender inequality in opportunities that may impede economic growth. The study tries to explore how the persistence of gender inequality in the labour market influences negatively economic growth. Further how economic growth and trade diversification create pathways to impact gender inequality in the labour market. Second, the study tries to show how the male–female gap in employment opportunities constrains trade diversification. Third, trade diversification can induce modifications in the structure of production across sectors which can have a positive or negative impact on gender inequality. The actual impact is a matter of empirical exploration which this study has attempted. The author has shown in this study that gender inequality in a developing country like India reduces trade diversification directly through gender gaps in opportunity and indirectly by impeding economic growth which adversely impacts trade diversification.

The coming of East and South-East Asian welfare states

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Olsson Hort ◽  
Stein Kuhnle
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
State Welfare ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis

It has long been assumed among Western commentators that rapid economic growth in East and South-east Asia has been achieved without the development of social policies. It has often been inferred that growth without social welfare is not only possible, but beneficial to further strong economic growth. The article questions these perceptions and beliefs. First, to what extent did East and South-east Asian countries delay the introduction of social insurance schemes compared to European pioneering countries, in the sense of introducing them only at a much higher level of 'modernization'? Second, to what extent was the economic miracle achieved by some of these countries based on (or accompanied by) attempts to forestall or retrench welfare state schemes? Third, to what extent has the recent financial crisis led to attempts at lowering or changing standards of social protection? The study shows that the Asian countries generally introduced social security programmes at a lower level of 'modernization' than Western European countries; that rapid and strong economic growth in the decade 1985–95 has in general been accompanied by welfare expansion; and that even after the financial crisis of 1997, expansion of state welfare responsibility is more evident than efforts to reduce or dismantle state welfare responsibility]

scholarly journals Tourism, Development and Poverty Reduction in Guizhou and Yunnan

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 333-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

AbstractHow did the differing strategies adopted to develop tourism in Guizhou and Yunnan affect patterns of economic development and poverty reduction? The answer is paradoxical. Both provincial governments incorporated tourism as part of their overall development strategies, but their tourism sites were distributed and structured strikingly differently. In Yunnan, although tourism contributed to rapid economic growth, it did not reduce rural poverty as much as might be expected from a large rural-based industry. By contrast, Guizhou's relatively small-scale tourism industry, although not contributing significantly to growth, was distributed largely in poor areas and was structured to allow poor people to participate directly. The conclusions have implications for our understanding of provincial development strategy in China and ways that tourism can be used for development and poverty reduction.

Sitting on the fence – Spain’s delicate balance: Bordering, multiscalar challenges, and crimmigration

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Wonders
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Delicate Balance ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Border Fence ◽  
The Way

In a widely circulated image from the Spanish enclave of Melilla, over 20 young men sit perched atop a razor-crowned border fence that is emblematic of the sharp divide between bare life in poor nations and a life of relative privilege in the West. Metaphorically, Spain, too, sits on a fence: Spain struggles to balance its history as a sovereign nation that experienced rapid economic growth, in part by incorporating migrants into the labour force, with contemporary pressures to fortify external and internal borders. This article analyses the way that contemporary crimmigration policy developments in Spain both reflect and help to produce the complex multiscalar dynamics that the nation must delicately balance in response to the challenges posed by Europeanization, economic crisis, and influences from below.

scholarly journals The impact of rapid economic growth and globalization on zinc nutrition in South Korea

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1234-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Sook Kwun ◽  
Mi-Sook Do ◽  
Hae-Rang Chung ◽  
Yang ha Kim ◽  
John H Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Zn Nutrition ◽  
Zn Bioavailability ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveZn deficiency may be widespread in Asian countries such as South Korea. However, dietary habits have changed in response to rapid economic growth and globalization. Zn nutrition in South Koreans has therefore been assessed during a period (1969–1998) of unprecedented economic growth.Design and methodsCross-sectional food consumption data from the Korean National Nutrition Survey Reports (KNNSR) of South Korea at four separate time points (1969, 1978, 1988 and 1998) were used to calculate Zn, Ca and phytate intakes using various food composition tables, databases and literature values. Nutrient values in local foods were cited from their analysed values.ResultsAverage Zn intake was 5·8, 4·8 and 5·3 mg/d for 1969, 1978 and 1988 respectively, increasing to 7·3 mg/d in 1998 (73 % of the Korean Dietary Reference Intake). The phytate:Zn molar ratio decreased from 21 to 8 during the study period. Dietary Zn depletion due to marked decreases in cereal consumption, particularly barley which has a low Zn bioavailability, was counterbalanced by marked increases in the consumption of meat and fish, which are also Zn-rich foods. Reduced phytate consumption coincident with increased Zn intake suggests that Zn bioavailability also improved, particularly by 1998.ConclusionsAlthough total Zn intake was not greatly affected over the initial period of economic growth in South Korea (1969–1988), Zn contributions from different food sources changed markedly and both Zn intake and potential bioavailability were improved by 1998. The study may have implications for Zn nutrition in other Asian countries currently experiencing rapid economic growth.

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