scholarly journals Operational properties of performance engine intake air cleaners

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Tadeusz DZIUBAK
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Filter Element ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Air Cleaners ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents an analysis of the design of air cleaners in performance vehicles. The paper confirms that their fundamental property is a much lower flow resistance compared to standard air cleaners. The consequences of replacing a standard air filter element with a performance one have been described. The impact of this modification i.e. an increase (decrease) in the engine torque and power output has been shown. A need to perform tests related to the filtration properties of performance air cleaners has been indicated. A methodology of laboratory research has been developed for performance vehicle air cleaners. The results of the research on the filtration efficiency and accuracy characteristics have been presented along with the flow resistance of air filter elements/air cleaners depending on the dust absorbance coefficient km. The accuracy of the filter element has been evaluated following a Pamas particle counter measurement.

Branched nanofibers with tiny diameters for air filtration via one-step electrospinning

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372092377
Author(s):  
Bilal Zaarour ◽  
Hussen Tina ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
XiangYu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
One Step ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Chloride ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Branched Structure

Engineering the surface morphology of fibers has been attracting significant consideration in various areas and applications. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) branched nanofibers with a diameter of less than 50 nm are electrospun directly at a low relative humidity by adding tetrabutylammonium chloride. The effects of the branched structure on the specific surface area and pore size distribution are investigated, and the filtration properties of the air filter based on branched nanofiber webs with different basis weights are studied. The results exhibit that the air filter based on PVDF branched nanofibers with the basis weight of 1 g/m2 has an outstanding filtration efficiency (99.999%) to 0.26 µm sodium chloride particles under the pressure drop of 126.17 Pa. We believe that this study can be used as a useful reference for the preparation of branched nanofibers through one-step electrospinning.

Material Properties Analysis with Addition of Nanofibres for Air Intake Filtration in Internal Combustion Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 8621-8636
Author(s):  
T. Dziubak
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter Materials

The aim of this study is to provide an experimental properties evaluation of a standard filter material (cellulose) and materials with fiber layer addition with small diameters (nanofibers). Filter media, including cellulose, used in the internal combustion engine inlet air filtration are made of high diameter fibres, approx. 15 µm. Significantly higher separation and filtration efficiency performance are obtained for materials with lower fibre diameters (nanofibres), however, at the expense of a significantly higher pressure drop, affecting the engine performance. Filter media manufacturers mainly specify the structure parameters (pore size, air permeability and thickness), without giving any information on the dust filtration performance and rate. The literature includes test results for models of different filter media structures. Filtration process modelling using polydisperse dust with particles of different shape and density and irregular filter media structure is possible using advanced computer techniques, however, the process is complex and requires many simplifications. Test results can be applied directly in the automotive industry. The data can be obtained by experimental tests on filter medium specimens, complete filter elements or air filters which are costly and time-consuming tests, however, those test methods are the most reliable. Conditions and testing methodology for intake air filter materials used in internal combustion engines were developed. Filtration and flow resistance efficiency and accuracy were done depending on test dust mass stopped per unit area. Tested materials filtration efficiency was assessed by a filtration quality factor, which includes experimentally determined efficiency and accuracy as well as flow resistance values. Much higher efficiency and filtration accuracy of dust grains below 5 µm in filtration materials with nanofibers addition compared to standard filtration material (filter paper) were demonstrated. For the same flow resistance values, filter materials with nanofibers addition accumulate smaller dust mass than standard filter paper. Usage of materials with nanofibers addition used in motor vehicles intake air filtration ensures their high efficiency and accuracy. It minimises its components wear, but at the expense of faster flow resistance increase, which shortens filter life and increases filter replacement frequency. Results obtained during the experimental research partly fill the gap when it comes to the basic material properties used in internal combustion engines intake air filter partitions production.

scholarly journals Properties analysis of filtration materials with nanofibers addition

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Dziubak ◽  
Yurii Yendzheiovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Mass Loading ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Dust Mass ◽  
Filtration Material ◽  
Accuracy Increase ◽  
Positive Effect

Nanofiber properties, methods of their production, and areas of their application have been presented. Parameters describing filtration materials with nanofibers addition were presented, and analyzed. Methodology for testing aerodynamic characteristics as well as characteristics of: efficiency, accuracy, and filter cartridges resistance with nanofibers addition, depending on the dust mass loading km were developed. Characteristic filtration parameters of the materials with nanofibers addition are presented. Five filtration inserts, differing in the filtration material with nanofibers addition, and without this layer were made. Test conditions were developed as well as a test stand was prepared. Aerodynamic characteristics tests of filter cartridges as well as filtration efficiency, accuracy, and flow resistance of standard (cellulose) cartridge, and the ones with nanofibers addition were performed. The positive effect of nanofiber layer on efficiency, and accuracy increase in the inlet engine air filtration was confirmed. Granulometric composition of air dust was assessed on a standard filter cartridge, and on a cartridge with nanofibers addition. Keywords: engine, air filter, nanofibers, filtration efficiency and accuracy, flow resistance, dust mass loading, grain size.

Utility parameters of air filters used in general ventilation and air conditioning systems - new requirements of standards and results of own research

2018 ◽  
Vol 561 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jankowski ◽  
Szymon Jakubiak
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Aerosol Flow ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

The article discusses the replacement of the existing standard for air filtration for general ventilation (PN-EN 779) with a series of standards PN-EN ISO 16890. This article presents current rules for testing and classification of air filters. The results of the study which investigated changes in filtration efficiency and aerosol flow resistance in the range of 0.3 μm to 10 μm were presented to determine the inclusion of an exemplary air filter in the group PM10, PM2,5 and PM1.

scholarly journals Measurement of Impact of Air Filter Cleanness on a Change of Engine Speed Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
František Synák ◽  
◽  
Vladimír Rievaj
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
The Impact

The paper is focused on the impact of clogged air filter on a change of speed characteristics of spark-ignition engine 1.4 MPI, 16V, 74 kW. The clogged air filter can cause deterioration in engine charging. Less air means the possibility of burning smaller amount of fuel, and thus less energy brought to the engine. This should cause a change in the size of engine torque and its power.

scholarly journals Operating properties of air inlet filters in a sports car engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Dziubak ◽  
Yuriy Yendzheyovskyy
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Particle Fraction ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dust Absorption

There are presented design solutions and operation properties of air inlet filters of motor vehicles and sports cars. An analysis of the impact of the use of a sports car air filter in a passenger car was performed. The effect of this change on the increase in power and torque in several car engines was shown. The conditions and methodology of sports car air filter studies have been developed. A research stand with a particle counter was presented. The test results on the characteristics of efficiency and accuracy filtration and flow resistance of two sports air filters were presented. Each filter was tested at a different filtration rate. The dust absorption coefficient of the sport filter was determined. The dust particle fraction in the air purified behind the filter was calculated. Keywords: engine, air filter, sports filter, filtration efficiency and filtration accuracy, flow resistance, dust absorption coefficient, particle size

scholarly journals Study of properties of nonwoven filter cartridges for the intake air of a car engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-168
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Dziubak ◽  
Mateusz Borchet
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Filtration Flow ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
The Impact

The sources of atmospheric air pollution are presented. It has been shown that dust is a major component of the intake air of internal combustion engines. The impact of dust on the accelerated wear of the engine components and the influence of T-P-C system wear on engine operation were analysed. The parameters of the air filters are described and defined. The properties of nonwovens and papers, of which filters used in the filtration intake air internal combustion engines of motor vehicles are made, were analysed. Conditions and methodology for testing nonwoven air filter cartridge for passenger cars were developed. A research desk with a particle counter was presented. The results of the study on efficiency characteristics, filtration accuracy and flow resistance for three different filtration rates (three nonwoven cartridges) were presented. There were much smaller levels of efficiency (φw = 92÷98%) and accuracy for nonwoven filter contribution in comparison with paper ones (φw = 95.5÷99.9%). There were observed higher values of the absorbency factor km for nonwoven cartridge (km = 1000÷1300 g/m2) in relation to the paper cartridge (km = 190÷220 g/m2). Keywords: engine, air filter, nonwoven contribution, efficiency and accuracy of filtration, flow resistance, coefficient of dust absorbency, grain size

Penetration Performance of Melt-Blown Polypropylene Electret Nonwoven Web against DEHS Aerosols

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1318-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ming Xiao ◽  
Gang Jin Chen ◽  
Ye Ping Song
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Aerosol Particle ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filtration Performance ◽  
Aerosol Particle Size ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electrostatic Mechanism

High filtration efficiency of melt-blown polypropylene nonwoven web used as air filter extremely depends on its elelctret characteristics. In this paper, penetration performance of DEHS(diethyl hexyl sebacate) aerosol while flowing through melt-blown polypropylene electret nonwoven web is studied by the method of aerosol penetration measurement as a function of particle size, and the contribution of mechanical and electrostatic mechanism to its capture ability is proposed. The stability of filtration performance after exposure to DEHS for a period of time is measured and the impact of DEHS and other challenge aerosols with different chemical properties on filtration performance is compared. The results show that the higher filtration efficiency of melt-blown polypropylene electret nonwoven web mainly depends on its high electret charge. Aerosol penetration drops off with the increase of aerosol particle size and decreases in the order of basic weight sequence of 20, 40 and 60 g/m2. The most penetration particle size (MPPS) appears at 0.08 m in diameter. The electret charge of the web was cleared away during the course of exposure to challenge aerosol after 5 minutes. The electriferous property of aerosol particle also influences the filtration performance of polypropylene electret nonwoven web. The electret web displays the best filtration performance for ionized aerosol.

scholarly journals Tanning Wastewater Treatment by Ultrafiltration: Process Efficiency and Fouling Behavior

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Fu Yang ◽  
Zhengkun Huang ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Chongde Wu ◽  
Rongqing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Pore Blocking ◽  
The Impact

Ultrafiltration is a promising, environment-friendly alternative to the current physicochemical-based tannery wastewater treatment. In this work, ultrafiltration was employed to treat the tanning wastewater as an upstream process of the Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system in the leather industry. The filtration efficiency and fouling behaviors were analyzed to assess the impact of membrane material and operating conditions (shear rate on the membrane surface and transmembrane pressure). The models of resistance-in-series, fouling propensity, and pore blocking were used to provide a comprehensive analysis of such a process. The results show that the process efficiency is strongly dependent on the operating conditions, while the membranes of either PES or PVDF showed similar filtration performance and fouling behavior. Reversible resistance was the main obstacle for such process. Cake formation was the main pore blocking mechanism during such process, which was independent on the operating conditions and membrane materials. The increase in shear rate significantly increased the steady-state permeation flux, thus, the filtration efficiency was improved, which resulted from both the reduction in reversible resistance and the slow-down of fouling layer accumulate rate. This is the first time that the fouling behaviors of tanning wastewater ultrafiltration were comprehensively evaluated, thus providing crucial guidance for further scientific investigation and industrial application.

scholarly journals Assessing the efficacy of investigative interviewing training courses: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Davut Akca ◽  
Cassandre Dion Larivière ◽  
Joseph Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Training Effectiveness ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Interviewing Skills ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Interrogation Training ◽  
The Impact

Substantial resources have been dedicated to designing and implementing training courses that focus on enhancing the interviewing skills of police officers. Laboratory research studies and real-world assessments of the effectiveness of interview training courses, however, have found notably mixed results. In this article, empirical studies ( N = 30) that have assessed the effectiveness of police interview and interrogation training courses were systematically reviewed. We found a wide variation in terms of the type, length, and content of the training courses, the performance criteria used to assess the training effectiveness, and the impact of the training courses on interviewing performance. Overall, the studies found that basic interviewing skills can be developed to a certain level through even short evidence-based training courses. More cognitively demanding skills, such as question selection and meaningful rapport-building, showed less of an improvement post training. The courses that included multiple training sessions showed the most consistent impact on interviewing behavior. This review also indicated a need for more systematic research on training effectiveness with more uniform and longer-term measures of effectiveness. Our findings should help guide future research on this specific topic and inform the training strategies of law enforcement and other investigatory organizations.

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