scholarly journals Operating properties of air inlet filters in a sports car engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Dziubak ◽  
Yuriy Yendzheyovskyy
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Particle Fraction ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dust Absorption

There are presented design solutions and operation properties of air inlet filters of motor vehicles and sports cars. An analysis of the impact of the use of a sports car air filter in a passenger car was performed. The effect of this change on the increase in power and torque in several car engines was shown. The conditions and methodology of sports car air filter studies have been developed. A research stand with a particle counter was presented. The test results on the characteristics of efficiency and accuracy filtration and flow resistance of two sports air filters were presented. Each filter was tested at a different filtration rate. The dust absorption coefficient of the sport filter was determined. The dust particle fraction in the air purified behind the filter was calculated. Keywords: engine, air filter, sports filter, filtration efficiency and filtration accuracy, flow resistance, dust absorption coefficient, particle size

scholarly journals Study of properties of nonwoven filter cartridges for the intake air of a car engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-168
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Dziubak ◽  
Mateusz Borchet
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Filtration Flow ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
The Impact

The sources of atmospheric air pollution are presented. It has been shown that dust is a major component of the intake air of internal combustion engines. The impact of dust on the accelerated wear of the engine components and the influence of T-P-C system wear on engine operation were analysed. The parameters of the air filters are described and defined. The properties of nonwovens and papers, of which filters used in the filtration intake air internal combustion engines of motor vehicles are made, were analysed. Conditions and methodology for testing nonwoven air filter cartridge for passenger cars were developed. A research desk with a particle counter was presented. The results of the study on efficiency characteristics, filtration accuracy and flow resistance for three different filtration rates (three nonwoven cartridges) were presented. There were much smaller levels of efficiency (φw = 92÷98%) and accuracy for nonwoven filter contribution in comparison with paper ones (φw = 95.5÷99.9%). There were observed higher values of the absorbency factor km for nonwoven cartridge (km = 1000÷1300 g/m2) in relation to the paper cartridge (km = 190÷220 g/m2). Keywords: engine, air filter, nonwoven contribution, efficiency and accuracy of filtration, flow resistance, coefficient of dust absorbency, grain size

scholarly journals Condensation of refrigerant R407C in multiport minichannel section

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Bohdal ◽  
Henryk Charun ◽  
Małgorzata Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

AbstractAnalysis of the state of-the-art in research of refrigerant condensation in miniature heat exchangers, so-called multiports, was made. Results of refrigerant R407C condensation in a mini condenser made in the form of two bundles of tubular minichannels from stainless steel with an inside diameter 0.64 mm and length 100 mm have been presented. Two exchangers consisted of four minichannels and 8 minichannels have been investigated. The values of average heat transfer coefficient and frictional pressure drops throughout the condensation process were designated. The impact of the vapor quality of refrigerant and the mass flux density on the intensity of heat transfer and flow resistance were illustrated. A comparative analysis of test results for various refrigerants in both mini heat exchangers were made.

Utility Perspective of Selecting Air Filter for Simple-Cycle, Heavy-Duty Combustion Turbines

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Lyons ◽  
Alex Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Air Passage

The combustion turbines evaluated for this study range in size (nominal) from 80 MW to 100 MW and operate at a compression ratio between 10 and 14. Under these conditions the compressor ingests about 500,000 to 725,000 cubic feet of air per minute for its rated output. With this volume of air, even low concentrations of contaminants can result in a significant total amount of contaminants entering the unit, which may cause compressor erosion, fouling, and foreign object damage in the compressor section and cooling air passage blockage, locking of turbine blade roots, and hot corrosion or sulfidation in the turbine section. Adequate protection against the above mentioned degradation or damage due to poor air quality may be obtained by using properly designed air filters. An inadequate filter system or having no filter system results in a reduction in power and efficiency over the life of the unit and may significantly decrease the intervals between maintenance and thereby increase the cost of maintenance. Consideration should be given to adding an air inlet filter when or after the combustion turbine without air filter is overhauled to reduce future maintenance costs. This study investigates the need for an inlet air filtration system for the simple-cycle, heavy-duty combustion turbines from a cost/benefit and operation standpoint. Options for inlet air filters include a self-cleaning pulse type filter, a surface loading cartridge filter without pulse feature, and a three-stage depth loading type media type filter. Benefits are determined by estimates of improvements in performance and effects on the combustion turbine’s longevity and maintenance.

Utility Perspective of Selecting Air Filter for Simple-Cycle, Heavy-Duty Combustion Turbines

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-673
Author(s):  
J. W. Lyons ◽  
A. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Air Passage ◽  
Cooling Air

The combustion turbines evaluated for this study range in size (nominal) from 80 MW to 100 MW and operate at a compression ratio between 10 and 14. Under these conditions the compressor ingests about 500,000 to 725,000 cubic feet of air per minute for its rated output. With this volume of air, even low concentrations of contaminants can result in a significant total amount of contaminants entering the unit, which may cause compressor erosion, fouling, and foreign object damage in the compressor section and cooling air passage blockage, locking of turbine blade roots, and hot corrosion or sulfidation in the turbine section. Adequate protection against the above-mentioned degradation or damage due to poor air quality may be obtained by using properly designed air filters. An inadequate filter system or total lack of one results in a reduction in power and efficiency over the life of the unit and may significantly decrease the intervals between maintenance and thereby increase the cost of maintenance. Consideration should be given to adding an air inlet filter when or after the combustion turbine without air filter is overhauled to reduce future maintenance costs. This study investigates the need for an inlet air filtration system for simple-cycle, heavy-duty combustion turbines from a cost/benefit and operation standpoint. Options for inlet air filters include a self-cleaning pulse type filter, a surface loading cartridge filter without pulse feature, and a three-stage depth loading type media type filter. Benefits are determined by estimates of improvements in performance and effects on the combustion turbine’s longevity and maintenance.

scholarly journals Operational properties of performance engine intake air cleaners

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Tadeusz DZIUBAK
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Filter Element ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Air Cleaners ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents an analysis of the design of air cleaners in performance vehicles. The paper confirms that their fundamental property is a much lower flow resistance compared to standard air cleaners. The consequences of replacing a standard air filter element with a performance one have been described. The impact of this modification i.e. an increase (decrease) in the engine torque and power output has been shown. A need to perform tests related to the filtration properties of performance air cleaners has been indicated. A methodology of laboratory research has been developed for performance vehicle air cleaners. The results of the research on the filtration efficiency and accuracy characteristics have been presented along with the flow resistance of air filter elements/air cleaners depending on the dust absorbance coefficient km. The accuracy of the filter element has been evaluated following a Pamas particle counter measurement.

Material Properties Analysis with Addition of Nanofibres for Air Intake Filtration in Internal Combustion Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 8621-8636
Author(s):  
T. Dziubak
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter Materials

The aim of this study is to provide an experimental properties evaluation of a standard filter material (cellulose) and materials with fiber layer addition with small diameters (nanofibers). Filter media, including cellulose, used in the internal combustion engine inlet air filtration are made of high diameter fibres, approx. 15 µm. Significantly higher separation and filtration efficiency performance are obtained for materials with lower fibre diameters (nanofibres), however, at the expense of a significantly higher pressure drop, affecting the engine performance. Filter media manufacturers mainly specify the structure parameters (pore size, air permeability and thickness), without giving any information on the dust filtration performance and rate. The literature includes test results for models of different filter media structures. Filtration process modelling using polydisperse dust with particles of different shape and density and irregular filter media structure is possible using advanced computer techniques, however, the process is complex and requires many simplifications. Test results can be applied directly in the automotive industry. The data can be obtained by experimental tests on filter medium specimens, complete filter elements or air filters which are costly and time-consuming tests, however, those test methods are the most reliable. Conditions and testing methodology for intake air filter materials used in internal combustion engines were developed. Filtration and flow resistance efficiency and accuracy were done depending on test dust mass stopped per unit area. Tested materials filtration efficiency was assessed by a filtration quality factor, which includes experimentally determined efficiency and accuracy as well as flow resistance values. Much higher efficiency and filtration accuracy of dust grains below 5 µm in filtration materials with nanofibers addition compared to standard filtration material (filter paper) were demonstrated. For the same flow resistance values, filter materials with nanofibers addition accumulate smaller dust mass than standard filter paper. Usage of materials with nanofibers addition used in motor vehicles intake air filtration ensures their high efficiency and accuracy. It minimises its components wear, but at the expense of faster flow resistance increase, which shortens filter life and increases filter replacement frequency. Results obtained during the experimental research partly fill the gap when it comes to the basic material properties used in internal combustion engines intake air filter partitions production.

Utility parameters of air filters used in general ventilation and air conditioning systems - new requirements of standards and results of own research

2018 ◽  
Vol 561 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jankowski ◽  
Szymon Jakubiak
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Aerosol Flow ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

The article discusses the replacement of the existing standard for air filtration for general ventilation (PN-EN 779) with a series of standards PN-EN ISO 16890. This article presents current rules for testing and classification of air filters. The results of the study which investigated changes in filtration efficiency and aerosol flow resistance in the range of 0.3 μm to 10 μm were presented to determine the inclusion of an exemplary air filter in the group PM10, PM2,5 and PM1.

scholarly journals Experimental research on filtering fibers in a cyclone–porous barrier system

2014 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Tadeusz DZIUBAK ◽  
Sebastian SZWEDKOWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filtering Method ◽  
Air Cleaners ◽  
Porous Barriers ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Filtering Element ◽  
Filtering Rates ◽  
Dust Absorption

Properties of filtering materials used as porous barriers in air cleaners of motor vehicles have been analyzed in the paper. Relations that determine the filter life have been analyzed and the coefficient of dust absorption km of the filtering material has been determined. Methodology of research has been presented of a study air filter element made of filtering fiber used as a second filtering stage downstream of a single continuous cyclone. The results of the investigations into the characteristics of efficiency, accuracy and drag of the filtering fiber for different filtering rates have been discussed. Dust absorption coefficients km have been determined. Changes in the granulometric composition of dust downstream of the investigated filtering element have been presented. Benefits resulting from the application of a two-stage air filtering method have been indicated.

Assessing the Impact of the Inlet Total Pressure Distortion on the Turbofan Thrust

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Ezrokhi ◽  
E. A. Khoreva
Keyword(s):  
Total Pressure ◽  
External Compression ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Inlet Distortion ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Engine Thrust ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Pressure Recovery Factor ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers techniques to develop a mathematical model using a method of «parallel compressors». The model is intended to estimate the impact of the air inlet distortion on the primary parameters of the aero-engine.  The paper presents rated estimation results in the context of twin spool turbofan design for two typical cruiser modes of flight of the supersonic passenger jet. In estimation the base values σbase and the average values of the inlet ram recovery σave remained invariable. Thus, parametrical calculations were performed for each chosen relative value of the area of low-pressure region.The paper shows that an impact degree of the inlet distortion on the engine thrust for two modes under consideration is essentially different. In other words, if in the subsonic mode the impact assessment can be confined only to taking into account the influence of decreasing average values of the inlet total pressure, the use of such an assumption in the supersonic cruiser mode may result in considerable errors.With invariable values of the pressure recovery factor at the engine intake, which correspond to the speed of flight for a typical air inlet of external compression σbase, and average value σave, a parameter Δσuneven  has the main effect on the engine thrust, and degree of this effect essentially depends on a difference between σave and σbase values.

Model estimates of the results of diabetes patients using modern glucometers with tri-color technology for displaying test results

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Larisa Dmitrievna Popovich ◽  
Svetlana Valentinovna Svetlichnaya ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes – a disease in which the effect of the treatment substantially depends on the patient. Known a study showed that the use of glucometers with the technology of three-color display of test results facilitates self-monitoring of blood sugar and leads to a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Purpose of the study: to modeling the impact of using of a glucometer with a color-coded display on the clinical outcomes of diabetes mellitus and calculating, the potential economic benefits of reducing the hospitalization rate of patients with diabetes. Material and methods. Based on data from two studies (O. Schnell et al. and M. Baxter et al.) simulation of the reduction in the number of complications with the use of a glucometer with a color indication. In a study by O. Schnell et al. a decrease of HbA1c by 0.69 percent is shown when using the considered type of glucometers, which was the basis of the model. Results. In the model, the use of a glucometer with a color-coded display for type 1 diabetes led to a decrease in the total number of complications by 9.2 thousand over 5 years per a cohort of 40 thousand patients with different initial levels of HbA1c. In a cohort of 40 thousand patients with type 2 diabetes, the simulated number of prevented complications was 1.7 thousand over 5 years. When extrapolating these data to all patients with diabetes included in the federal register of diabetes mellitus (FRD), the number of prevented complications was 55.4 thousand cases for type 1 diabetes and 67.1 thousand cases for type 2 diabetes. The possible economic effect from the use of the device by all patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, which are included in the FRD, estimated at 1.5 billion rubles for a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5.3 billion rubles for patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Improving the effectiveness of self-monitoring, which is the result of the use of glucometers with color indicators, can potentially significantly reduce the incidence of complications in diabetes and thereby provide significant economic benefits to society.

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