Exhaust emission testing methods – BOSMAL’s legislative and development emission testing laboratories

The latest legislation regarding the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions, greenhouse gases and fuel consumption determines not only maximum permissible emissions factors, but also emissions testing methods and laboratory design and additionally leads to the development of new research methods. BOSMAL has risen to meet these challenges by investing in an updated, state-of-the-art emissions testing laboratory, housed within a climate chamber and in parallel investing in a completely new laboratory designed with incoming and future legislative requirements in mind. This paper presents BOSMAL’s improved M1/N1 vehicular emissions and fuel consumption laboratory in a climatic chamber and BOSMAL’s standard chamber for the testing of vehicles in accordance with European Union, US and Japanese standards. The specifications, capabilities and design features of the sampling, analysis and development research possi-bilities and climate simulation systems are presented and discussed in relation to the increasing drive for cleaner, light duty road vehi-cles (including hybrids and electric vehicles). The recently-renovated laboratory with extended standard temperature range and the laboratory with climatic chamber are described in the context of the newest European Union legislation on the emission in the range of Euro 6d testing requirements. The laboratories permit BOSMAL’s engineers to compete in the international automotive arena in the development of new, more ecologically friendly and increasingly fuel efficient vehicles.

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Development of vehicle exhaust emission testing methods – BOSMAL’s new emission testing laboratory

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-117117 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 144 (1) ◽

pp. 3-12

Author(s):

Piotr BIELACZYC ◽

Andrzej SZCZOTKA ◽

Piotr PAJDOWSKI ◽

Joseph WOODBURN

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Climate Simulation ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Testing Methods ◽

Testing Laboratory ◽

Laboratory Design ◽

Emission Testing ◽

Emissions Testing

Legislation regarding the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions, greenhouse gases and fuel consumption is one of the strongest drivers of development in automobile design. Emissions standards in the European Union (EU), USA and Japan determine not only maximum permissible emissions factors, but also emissions testing methods and laboratory design. BOSMAL has risen to meet these challenges by investing in a new, state-of-the-art emissions testing laboratory, housed within a climate chamber. This paper presents BOSMAL’s new M1/N1 vehicular emissions and fuel consumption laboratory in a climatic chamber for the testing of vehicles in accordance with the Euro 5 & 6 and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) & California Air Resources Board (CARB) standards. The specifications, capabilities and design features of the sampling and analysis and climate simulation systems are presented and discussed in relation to the increasing drive for cleaner light duty road vehicles. A recently-installed particle number counting system is described in the context of European Union legislation on the emission of particle matter from CI and SI vehicles. The laboratory permits BOSMAL’s engineers to compete in the international automotive arena in the development and construction of new, more ecologically friendly and increasingly fuel efficient vehicles.

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PR30C-LE Locomotive With DOC and Urea Based SCR: Baseline and Initial Aftertreatment Emissions Testing

ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/ices2012-81157 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dustin T. Osborne ◽

Doug Biagini ◽

Harold Holmes ◽

Steven G. Fritz ◽

Michael Jaczola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase 1 ◽

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽

Oxidation Catalyst ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Test Results ◽

Emission Testing ◽

Rail Industry ◽

Tier 3 ◽

Emissions Testing

The PR30C-LE is a repowered six-axle, 2,240 kW (3,005 hp), line-haul locomotive that was introduced to the rail industry in 2009. The Caterpillar 3516C-HD Tier 2 engine is equipped with an exhaust aftertreatment module containing selective catalyst reduction (SCR) and diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) technology. PR30C-LE exhaust emission testing was performed on test locomotive PRLX3004. Phase-1 of the test program included the following tasks: engine-out baseline emissions testing without the aftertreatment module installed, aftertreatment module installation, commissioning and degreening, and emissions testing with the aftertreatment. Emission results from testing without the aftertreatment module, referred to as the baseline configuration, indicated that PRLX3004 emissions were below Tier 2 EPA locomotive limits without aftertreatment. Emission test results with the DOC and SCR aftertreatment module showed a reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) of 80 percent over the line-haul cycle, and 59 percent over the switcher cycle. Particulate matter (PM) was reduced by 43 percent over the line-haul cycle and 64 percent over the switcher cycle. Line-haul cycle composite emissions of Hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) were reduced by 93 and 72 percent, respectively. The PR30C-LE locomotive achieved Tier 4 line-haul NOx, CO, HC, as well as Tier 3 PM levels. There are currently five PR30C-LE locomotives in operation in California and Arizona, and the total hour accumulation of the five PR30C-LE locomotives as of October 2011 was 20,000 hours.

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Development of automotive emissions testing equipment and test methods in response to legislative, technical and commercial requirements

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-117010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 152 (1) ◽

pp. 28-41

Author(s):

Piotr BIELACZYC ◽

Andrzej SZCZOTKA ◽

Piotr PAJDOWSKI ◽

Joseph WOODBURN

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Converter ◽

Test Methods ◽

The European Union ◽

Testing Methods ◽

Testing Laboratory ◽

Automotive Emissions ◽

Laboratory Design ◽

Automobile Design ◽

Sampling Locations ◽

Emissions Testing

Legislation regarding the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions, greenhouse gases and fuel consumption is one of the strongest drivers of development in automobile design. Strict legislation requires changes to engine calibration and hardware, but also to test facilities and emissions analysis systems; indeed, emissions standards in the European Union (EU), USA and Japan determine not only maximum permissible emissions factors, but also emissions testing methods and laboratory design. This paper is a continuation of [1], and presents the most recent additions to BOSMAL’s emissions testing laboratory – a recently-installed analyzer bench for modal raw exhaust measurement at both pre- and post-catalytic converter sampling locations, as well as EGR ratio calculation, are described in the context of its sophisticated emissions measurement facilities and the increasingly complex testing demands of vehicle and aftertreatment system manufacturers.

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Marine Alternative Fuel Performance Testing

ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/ices2012-81239 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Sujit Ghosh ◽

Tom Risley ◽

David Sobolewski ◽

William Welch ◽

Sherry Williams

Keyword(s):

Electric Propulsion ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Performance Testing ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Diesel Generator ◽

Emission Testing ◽

The U.S ◽

Test Fuel ◽

Emissions Testing

As part of the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) marine application of alternative fuel initiative, the U.S. Navy provided neat hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD), derived from the hydroprocessing of algal oils, for operational and exhaust emission testing onboard the T/S STATE OF MICHIGAN. This vessel has diesel-electric propulsion with four caterpillar D-398 compression ignition engines; one of these ship service diesel engines was selected as the test engine. The diesel generator sets power both the propulsion motors propelling the ship and provide the electrical power for the hotel loads of the ship. Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) was blended with the neat HRD fuel in a 50/50-by-volume blend and tested for over 440 hours on the vessel. Exhaust emissions testing was performed while underway on Lake Michigan using the baseline ULSD assessed earlier. A similar profile was run using the blended test fuel. Emission testing was conducted using the ISO 8178 (D2) test cycle. When emissions testing was completed a series of underway and pierside test runs were conducted to accumulate the remaining engine hours, After all testing, the engine conditions were assessed again using a combination of visual inspection and oil analysis. The remainder of the test fuel will be used to conduct a long-term stability test. The setup, test, and results of this testing, currently underway, are reported here with a discussion of MARAD’s alternative fuels test initiative.

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The Natural Gas Vehicle Challenge '92: Exhaust Emission Testing and Results

10.4271/922387 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

William A. Rimkus ◽

Robert P. Larsen ◽

Michael G. Zammit ◽

James G. Davies ◽

Gregory S. Salmon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Emission Testing ◽

Natural Gas Vehicle

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Kaji Eksperimental Rasio Metanol-Bensin Terhadap Konsumsi Bahan Bakar, Emisi Gas Buang, Torsi Dan Daya

Gorontalo Journal of Infrastructure and Science Engineering ◽

10.32662/gojise.v1i1.140 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Mohamad Rifal ◽

Nazarudin Sinaga

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Injection System ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Emission Power ◽

Si Engine ◽

Fuel Blend ◽

The One

Methanol (CH3OH) is the one of an alternative fuel for SI engine. Methanol has a similiar charakteristic and fisik properties to gasoline. This study using methanol-gasoline fuel blend (M10, M20 and M40). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using methanol-gasoline fuel blend of fuel consumption, exhaust emission, power and torque. In the experiment, an engine three-cylidre 12 valve with tecnology DOHC Mivec and ECI MPI injection System 1193 cc was used. With a little modification that is using methanol controler to maximize the result of research. The experimental result showed that the fuel consumption decrease with the use of methanol-gasoline ful blend. Each of these reductions in fuel consumption for the M10, M20 and M40 are 1 %, 3% dan 3%. The Power and Torque is increas while using fuel blend than gasoline and it also decrease exhaust emission

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Analysis of exhaust emission measurements in rural conditions from heavy-duty vehicle

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-2020-309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 182 (3) ◽

pp. 54-58

Author(s):

Andrzej Ziółkowski ◽

Paweł Fuć ◽

Piotr Lijewski ◽

Łukasz Rymaniak ◽

Paweł Daszkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Road Transport ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Heavy Vehicles ◽

Heavy Duty Vehicle ◽

Emission Norm ◽

Test Route

Road transport holds for the largest share in the freight transport sector in Europe. This work is carried out by heavy vehicles of various types. It is assumed that, in principle, transport should take place on the main road connections, such as motorways or national roads. Their share in the polish road infrastructure is not dominant. Rural and communal roads roads are the most prevalent. This fact formed the basis of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption tests of heavy vehicles in real operating conditions. A set of vehicles (truck tractor with a semi-trailer) meeting the Euro V emission norm, transporting a load of 24,800 kg, was selected for the tests. The research was carried out on an non-urban route, the test route length was 22 km. A mobile Semtech DS instrument was used, which was used to measure the exhaust emissions. Based on the obtained results, the emission characteristics were determined in relation to the operating parameters of the vehicles drive system. Road emission, specific emission and fuel consumption values were also calculated.

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A Study on Characteristic Emission Factors of Exhaust Gas from Diesel Locomotives

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17113788 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 3788 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Min-Kyeong Kim ◽

Duckshin Park ◽

Minjeong Kim ◽

Jaeseok Heo ◽

Sechan Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

High Speed ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Emission Measurement ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Diesel Locomotive ◽

Diesel Vehicles ◽

Engine Power

Use of diesel locomotives in transport is gradually decreasing due to electrification and the introduction of high-speed electric rail. However, in Korea, up to 30% of the transportation of passengers and cargo still uses diesel locomotives and diesel vehicles. Many studies have shown that exhaust gas from diesel locomotives poses a threat to human health. This study examined the characteristics of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons in diesel locomotive engine exhaust. Emission concentrations were evaluated and compared with the existing regulations. In the case of PM and NOx, emission concentrations increased as engine output increased. High concentrations of CO were detected at engine start and acceleration, while hydrocarbons showed weakly increased concentrations regardless of engine power. Based on fuel consumption and engine power, the emission patterns of PM and gaseous substances observed in this study were slightly higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tier standard and the Korean emission standard. Continuous monitoring and management of emissions from diesel locomotives are required to comply with emission standards. The findings of this study revealed that emission factors varied based on fuel consumption, engine power, and actual driving patterns. For the first time, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), normally used to measure exhaust gas from diesel vehicles, was used to measure exhaust gas from diesel locomotives, and the data acquired were compared with previous results. This study is meaningful as the first example of measuring the exhaust gas concentration by connecting a PEMS to a diesel locomotive, and in the future, a study to measure driving characteristics and exhaust gas using a PEMS should be conducted.

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Effect of cetane improver addition into diesel fuel: Methanol mixtures on performance and emissions at different injection pressures

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci160430265c ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽

pp. 555-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Feyyaz Candan ◽

Murat Ciniviz ◽

Ilker Ors

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Injection Pressure ◽

Specific Fuel Consumption ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽

Consumption Values ◽

Smoke Opacity

In this study, methanol in ratios of 5-10-15% were incorporated into diesel fuel with the aim of reducing harmful exhaust gasses of Diesel engine, di-tertbutyl peroxide as cetane improver in a ratio of 1% was added into mixture fuels in order to reduce negative effects of methanol on engine performance parameters, and isobutanol of a ratio of 1% was used as additive for preventing phase separation of all mixtures. As results of experiments conducted on a single cylinder and direct injection Diesel engine, methanol caused the increase of NOx emission while reducing CO, HC, CO2, and smoke opacity emissions. It also reduced torque and power values, and increased brake specific fuel consumption values. Cetane improver increased torque and power values slightly compared to methanol-mixed fuels, and reduced brake specific fuel consumption values. It also affected exhaust emission values positively, excluding smoke opacity. Increase of injector injection pressure affected performances of methanol-mixed fuels positively. It also increased injection pressure and NOx emissions, while reducing other exhaust emissions.

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