Ways of development of Soviet fine art in the context of the polemics of V.I. Lenin and A.A. Bogdanov

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Stepan S. Bakaryagin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative

We examine the philosophical differences between V.I. Lenin and the head of the Proletarian cultural and educational organizations A.A. Bogdanov. It is pointed out that after the October Revolution of 1917, their views were transformed into a discussion about the essence, foundation and tasks of proletarian culture. Previously, this topic was mainly the subject of philosophical research, but did not become part of historical research. The author of the article made an attempt to assess the influence of the ideas of V.I. Lenin and A.A. Bogdanov on the formation of various approaches to the cultural policy of the Soviet government in the 1920s. In the course of the work, historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods, traditional for historical science, were applied. The use of the sociocultural method made it possible to consider the views of party ideologists on culture as a system of values that developed before the revolution and developed in subsequent years. It was noted that at the turn of the 1910–1920s polemics of V.I. Lenin and A.A. Bogdanov went beyond the limits of private contradictions and led to the emergence of two possible trends in the development of Soviet fine arts. Conclusions were made about the approval of the official point of view on cultural policy based on the traditions of realistic art.

scholarly journals Information and Computer Technologies as a Research Tool in the Works of Historians of Central Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
R.T. Elemanova
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Computer Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication

The article considers the possibilities of using information and computer technologies in historical research in Central Asia. Today, when there are discussions among Asian historians about a differentiated approach to the study of history and a desire to preserve the traditional directions of historical science that were laid down in the last century, there is an urgent need to use an interdisciplinary approach. The development of historical geoinformatics at the present stage can be identified that is continuously associated with the level of informatization of society, when information and communication technologies have become an integral part of everyday life, a change in the theory and methodology of historical science. Revolutionary changes in the theoretical development of an understanding of the essence of historical processes naturally led to a change in the methodology of history. The problem of information and computer technologies efficiency, in particular geoinformation, in scientific historical research, from a theoretical and methodological point of view is being posed and solved. Since the mid-1990s, the main emphasis has been shifted to the use of multimedia tools and methods and the use of global communications - the Internet. For the preservation, presentation of cultural heritage is an urgent task, the solution of which in a century of rapidly developing information and communication technologies is impossible without the use of new information technology.

scholarly journals HEGEL ON THE DUAL, ABSTRACT-SPECIFIC NATURE OF THE PERSONALITY AS A SUBJECT OF LAW: NATURAL LAW AND THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF GENESIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3(65)) ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Виктор Петрович САЛЬНИКОВ ◽  
Дмитрий Владимирович МАСЛЕННИКОВ ◽  
Александр Александрович МАКСИМОВ
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Modern System ◽  
Theological Foundations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Hegel’s doctrine in the XXI century remains relevant for the Russian politico-legal science due to the deep development of the categorical apparatus and methodological tools for expressing the value nature of law and state. Hegel's doctrine of the subject of law, especially presented in his early works, is one of the little-studied, but at the same time very significant part of his scientific work, the appeal to which should contribute to the further development of the modern system of legal categories. Purpose: to carry out a comparative analysis of the various versions of the Hegelian doctrine of the personality as a subject of law and its genesis, taking into account the peculiarities of natural law and theological pproaches. Methods: the authors use logical, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, systemic method of cognition, as well as the methodology of theoretical and legal comparative studies. Results: in the late philosophical system, Hegel develops the doctrine of the dual nature of the personality as a subject of law: as a specific subject, a person mediates his relationship with other subjects through a single objective thing (qualitative characteristics of the subject), as an abstract subject, a person bases his relations with them on recognition as equal subjects of freedom (quantitative characteristics of the subject). The way to resolve this conflict is through morality. During various periods of his scientific work, Hegel considers the genesis of the personality as a subject of law from a natural law and theological point of view, including the idea of God, while  dentifying new substantive aspects of the concept of the subject of law, related to the the historical development of the state and the formation of the rule-of-law state.

CRITICAL TEXTS OF ART JOURNALS AS A TOOL FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF RELATIONSHIP OF THE VIEWER AND THE WORK OF FINE ARTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Maya Smolina ◽  
◽  
Alexandra Sukorcheva
Keyword(s):  
Art Criticism ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Synthetic Theory ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

The object of this scientific research is art criticism in art magazines, the subject is the text of art criticism as a tool for solving problems of the relationship between a work of art and the viewer. The aim is to study journal art criticism as a tool for solving problems of the relationship between a work of art and the viewer. The analysis of the concepts of "art criticism" and "critical texts about art" is given in order to understand the essential features of art criticism and the specifics of its texts. The conceptual basis for the study was the key provisions of the theory of reflection by G.V.F. Hegel, the basic principles of the synthetic theory of the ideal D.V. Pivovarov and the concept of ideal formation, the main provisions of the theory of fine art by V.I. Zhukovsky and N.P. Koptseva.

scholarly journals THE CHURCH OF SANT'ANDREA IN BERGAMO: AN INTEGRATED SURVEY FOR KNOWLEDGE AND CONSERVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
A. Cardaci ◽  
G. Mirabella-Roberti ◽  
P. Azzola
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Technical Competence ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Main Road ◽  
Decay Condition ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
The Church

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The church dedicated to Sant'Andrea (St. Andrew) in <q>Porta Dipinta</q> street in Bergamo city is a treasure that keep inside it a rich heritage of great historical and cultural value, both from the architectural and from the artistic point of view. Lacking of the façade (left unfinished), it is often neglected, despite being on the main road leading to the old town from <q>Sant'Agostino</q> Gate. The approach to an historical building like this requires a multi-disciplinary integration, in order to join the technical competence of engineering sciences to the sensitivity of human and fine arts sciences. For a better understanding of the structural performances of the building, historical research, measurement survey, material and decay condition study have to complement each other.</p>

scholarly journals Tourism and Guidebooks in the Activities of Academic Staff at the Faculty of Fine Art at Stefan Batory University in Vilnius

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kania
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Education Process

Stefan Batory University in Vilnius was established in 1919 as a regional entity to carry out scientific research and develop Polish academic education. One of its faculties – the Faculty of Fine Arts (1930–1939) – gathered charismatic and popular artists, historians and architects. Among them, two professors – Juliusz Kłos (1888–1933) and Marian Morelowski – published the guidebooks for Vilnius and Wileńszczyzna region (Wilno. Przewodnik krajoznawczy, 1937; Zarys sztuki wileńskiej z przewodnikiem po zabytkiem między Niemnem a Dźwiną, 1939). The book written by Kłos gained popularity and was often purchased by the tourists who visited Vilnius. The aim of the article is to determine the main methodology, historical approaches and working styles of both authors. Moreover, the paper involves their attitude towards developing tourism, cultural heritage and historical research. The article also involves the main ideas of artistic education professors had and how much tourism was involved in the whole education process for them.

scholarly journals Clerical-Protective Direction in the Russian Historiography of the Old Believers of the 1850s: the Structure of Historical Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Madzharov Alexander S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Study ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Research Structure

Understanding the historiography of the old believers depends on the level of development of the history of historical science, the development of its categorical apparatus. The lack of clarity of the research structure leads to uncertainty in terminology, in the description of scientific achievements and dead ends. The key historical works (historiographical facts) that defined the face of the science of their time are arbitrarily deleted from the literature, and the directions and stages of historiography are “erased”. The purpose of this work is to study the internal form and structure of clerical-protective historical research of old believers in the Russian literature of the 1850s: value, spatial, source ‒ study, vector relations of the author to the object of research; a set of concepts that reveal the “mechanism” of explaining old believers; ways to gain knowledge about the split mediated by this structure. The analysis showed that the clerical ideological position expressed in the works of historians of this direction focused on the defense of the “new rite”. It led to a narrowing of the subject of research, limiting it to “opinions” and facts of the statement of schism, which produced the purpose of research ‒ the “exposure” of schismatics and the moral-scholastic method of achieving it and pushed us to use a set of accusatory concepts in explaining the phenomenon under study. It became a barrier to the knowledge of anti-Church protest by the middle of the 19th century. The fact of the practical failure of the clerical doctrine, which was a consequence of its cognitive limitations, was also realized by the bearers of the accusatory tradition themselves. The question of the reasons for the emergence and development of the old believers has become relevant again. A new answer to this question in the late 1850s ‒ early 1860s was given by the historian Afanasiy Prokopyevich Shchapov (1831–1876), who radically changed the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study. Keywords: historiography of the old believers, clerical-protective direction, structure of historical research, historiographical fact, direction, stage

scholarly journals The personality of Marshal Davout in the Russian Campaign of 1812 on the basis of his memoires and documents of personal nature: an analysis of the electronic resources on the topic

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Francesco Rubini
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Electronic Resources ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Personal Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First French Empire ◽  
The Many

Louis Nicolas Davout is still one of the most famous and admired marshals of the First French Empire. His qualities as a great commander and brilliant tactician have been the subject of many historiographical works amongst researchers from all over the world. The aim of this work is to examine the personality of Davout according to electronic documents of personal nature and the historiography about the Russian Campaign of 1812. Specific attention deserve several online documents of Russian works analyzed in the article, which have never been translated from Russian, and whose point of view revealed very interesting information, both concordant and discordant, to cross with that of many European analogues. Historical research requires further translation and analysis of the many and still unknown Russian sources on the topic.

The Reverse Regional Effect of the All-Union Unification (On the Example of the East Siberian Regional Union of Soviet Artists)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-223
Author(s):  
Yana Yu. Lisitsina
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Cultural Space

The establishment of Soviet artists’ unions in remote parts of the country has not been fully studied, but it is of interest for understanding the processes of formation of national fine art. One of the most important documents for the Soviet cultural space of the 1930s was the resolution of April 23, 1932, of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On the restructuring of literary and artistic organizations”. Its impact is of a prolonged nature: artistic associations, originally created in the form of regulated unions, still exist, already having the status of entities exempt from direct government control. The main object of this research is the organization that united the masters of fine arts of a vast territory — the East Siberian Regional Union of Soviet Artists. The source base of the research is archival documents that make it possible to reconstruct the process of uniting provincial artists into a single regular organization and to assess the decisions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks from the point of view of the development of the cultural space of the East Siberian Territory. Despite the regulatory actions common to the creation of such institutions, the process of organizing the association of Soviet artists in the peripheral parts of the country had a number of features that formed the final assessment of the outcome of the above-mentioned resolution. The article demonstrates that the geographic remoteness from the capital, the separation from the cultural centers, the harsh climatic conditions, the small population on a large territory, and technical communication difficulties had predetermined the specificity of the processes of Siberian social design, and the need for certain decisive actions and support from the authorities to create a viable association of fine art masters.

scholarly journals Попытки Кучумовичей и башкир воссоздать Сибирское ханство

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Azat S. Salmanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction. As is commonly believed in Russian historiography, the late 16th century witnessed a final collapse of the Siberian Khanate. However, that event was long followed by repeated attempts from ex-owners of Siberian Yurt — the Kuchumovichs (children and grandchildren of the Siberian Khan Kuchum) — to regain their power. In achieving their goal, they relied on Bashkir and Kalmyk leaders. The ideological supporters of Kuchum’s descendants were the Siberian Tatars and Bashkirs, primarily Bashkir Tabyns who also sought a restoration of the Siberian Khanate. But in historical science the question of Bashkirs’ participation in the Kuchumovichs’ cause to regain Siberian Yurt remains unaddressed. Goals. The study aims at examining the 17th century ethnopolitical history of the Trans-Ural Bashkirs through the prism of the movement attended by the Kuchumovichs, Kalmyks and Dzungars who came up with the idea of reviving the Siberian Khanate. Materials and Methods. The work employs materials already introduced into scientific discourse which, however, were not considered through the prism of Bashkirs’ participation in the general movement of nomadic leaders to have struggled for the restoration of the Siberian Khanate. Coupled with the use of historical research methods (historical, comparative and systemic ones), this made it possible to reveal that in the territory of Bashkiria the actions of Bashkir rebels were associated with the policy of the Kuchumovichs and Kalmyk taishas who tried to unite Bashkirs and inhabitants of Western Siberia to withdraw from subordination to the Moscow Government. Thus, the scientific novelty is that the 17th century anti-Russian movement of Bashkirs is being first considered in the context of attempts to restore the Siberian Khanate. Results. Analysis of historical events (departure of Kuchum’s grandson Kuchuk to the Karakalpaks and adoption of Russian citizenship by the Kalmyk ruler Ayuka) shows that the rebellious Bashkirs experienced a collapse of hopes for the restoration of the Siberian Khanate, the latter viewed as an opportunity to gain independence from the Tsardom of Russia. Conclusions. Bashkir uprisings of the mid-to-late 17th century should be considered in line with the political situation that had developed in the southeastern outskirts of Russia due to the joint activities of the Kuchumovichs, Kalmyk and Bashkir leaders.

scholarly journals WOMEN ARTISTS OF THE RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE PERIOD IN ITALY: CULTURAL STUDIES DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Goncharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Women Artists ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lavinia Fontana ◽  
Sofonisba Anguissola ◽  
Domestic Art ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Italian Women ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Artemisia Gentileschi

The purpose of the monograph section. On the basis of anthropocentric approach to the analysis of visual self-presentations of Italian women artists of the Renaissance and Baroque period fill in the gaps that exist in domestic art history regarding the works of Plautilla Nelli, Sofonisba Anguissola, Lavinia Fontana, Marietta Robusti, Artemisia Gentileschi, Arcangela Paladini, Giovanna Garzoni, Elisabetta Sirani and the sculptor Properzia de’ Rossi. Theoretical basis. The principles and methods of philosophical and anthropological research in combination with biographical, historical, comparative, iconographic and figurative and stylistic methods were used in writing the monograph. The scientific novelty lies in the author's method of analyzing works of visual art from the point of view of anthropocentric approach, as well as in considering the creativity of women artists of Renaissance and Baroque period in Italy as their self-objectifications, which give rise to a new cultural reality. Conclusions. Creativity by Italian women artists Plautilla Nelli, Sofonisba Anguissola, Lavinia Fontana, Marietta Robusti, Artemisia Gentileschi, Arcangela Paladini, Giovanna Garzoni, Elisabetta Sirani and the sculptor Properzia de’ Rossi in diachronic view can be expanded. During 16th–17th centuries, several talented female painters and one female sculptor worked in Italian fine arts. Against the background of the cultural realities of the time, this phenomenon can be considered an indicator of paradigmatic changes in the public consciousness in relation to the social significance of talented women.

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