Socio-economic determinants of the transformation of the education system in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Starcev ◽  
Magomed A. Dzhabrailov ◽  
Oksana I. Kolesnikova
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Market Relations

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to draw the attention of the pedagogical community to the comprehension and understanding of the causes and essence of transformations taking place in the field of education of Russia at the present stage. We justified the deterministic nature of changes in the field of education by the peculiarities of building economic relations in the state. The transition of the Russian economy to a market system of relations with private property with means of production predetermined the subsequent transformations in the domestic education system. In the logic of market relations, education is considered as a service that should generate profit. This provision, according to us, is one of the starting points for transformations that have begun in the educational sphere. In the era of the industrial revolution, education became the locomotive for the development of science and technology, which, in turn, contributed to the economic efficiency of production processes, which favorably affected the growth of incomes of owners of industrial capital. Over time, scientific and technological progress, due to objective laws, began to lead to a negative effect for representatives of capital – a decrease in the rate of return. The current situation predetermined the artificial slowdown of scientific and technological progress and led to a review by the political and financial elites of the economically developed countries of the place and role of education in the state system. We considered essential transformations that take place in the domestic education system and gave our vision of the causes that determined these changes.

On the issue of the revitalization and modernization of the engineering in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
A. E. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Products

Currently, one of the important tasks of the economic policy of Russia is the formation of a hightech image of the national economy, capable of effective functioning in the changing global geopolitical and geoeconomic conditions. In this context, the issue of revitalization of mechanical engineering, which plays a key role in the development of the country’s economy, is of particular relevance. This sector is a link between scientific and technological progress and the level of provision of domestic producers with domestic machines and equipment, allowing them to produce competitive products and to a lesser extent depend on the state of the external environment. The example of the developed countries of the world shows that the development of advanced engineering technology significantly increases the efficiency of the national economy, helps to accelerate its growth. At the same time, in Russia, in order to unleash the scientific and technical potential and activate engineering, it is necessary to initiate modernization processes in it. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of the study is to analyze the state of Russian engineering from the position of its role in the country’s economy. It is shown that at present a significant barrier to the development of this sector is the predominance of imported equipment, due to technical and operational characteristics, often superior to domestic counterparts.

scholarly journals MODERN TRENDS IN GOVERNANCE OF STATE OWNERSHIP RELATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Iurii Umantsiv ◽  
Larysa Lebedeva ◽  
Anastasiia Mytrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Low Efficiency

Today, the diversity of functions of the state is objectively expanding, especially in the context of socially oriented economies of developed countries. Effective governance of state property serves as a solid foundation for successful performance of the state functions. The chosen topic is of particular relevance in the context of Ukraine's transformational economy. The subject of research is the system of economic relations of state property. Methodology. In the course of the study, a general philosophical dialectical method was used to find contradictions in the phenomena and sources of their development, such as the essence of state property and its contents. Common scientific methods were also used: analysis and synthesis; comparative analysis; statistical methods for calculating the structure and dynamics of indicators of condition and development of state property. The overall system for assessing the socio-economic efficiency of state property management was carried out on the basis of microeconomic indicators and macroeconomic indicators (indicators of economic and social efficiency). The purpose of the paper is to reveal the trends of development of state ownership relations in the European countries as well as in Ukraine, in particular, the difficulties of the process of managing them, as well as to formulate possible ways to overcome such difficulties. Conclusions of the study. Today, the importance of the state as a public institute is objectively increasing in the most economically developed countries. By succeeding in achieving positive institutional changes in ownership relations (creating favorable conditions for SMEs, developing market infrastructure, conducting moderate privatization of state property, transferring state-owned enterprises to market tracks, maintaining policies for protecting national interests, etc.) the grounds for economic growth and improvement of the social sphere in France and Poland were made. Though the conducted analysis showed that the development of state property in Ukraine is contradictory, it has the following problems: ambiguous character of privatization; low efficiency of state property governance; insufficient efficiency of work of enterprises with state ownership; institutional problems. Overall, the socio-economic efficiency of state property governance in Ukraine needs improvement. Thus, the state policy of property governance should include, in particular, the following steps: development of a national model of governance, as well as strategies for the development of state property; organization of state property management entities; development of a system of criteria and indicators for assessing not only the economic but also the social efficiency of state property governance.

Features of Development of Grain Export Infrastructure and Organizational and Economic Mechanism of Its Functioning

2020 ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
A.I. Altukhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
National Model ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Market Relations

The article examines the features of the development of Russian grain export and its infrastructure, as well as the organizational and economic mechanism of its functioning in the country. It is noted that in the near and more distant future, grain exports will retain their key role in the overall export of food products and agricultural raw materials. This will require the accelerated formation of facilities of a developed infrastructure and the creation of reliable logistics support for export grain supplies, significant organizational, financial and other support from the state, which implies the need for a transition to new forms of organizing grain commodity circulation on the principles of marketing and logistics, of introduction of transit schemes and intermodal transportation, formation of various logistics chains and a network of transport and logistics hubs based on intersectoral proportionality between the volumes of supply of commercial grain, of storage capacities, vehicles, port and transshipment capacities, as well as strengthening the coordination of actions of all the numerous participants in the movement of grain from domestic producers to its foreign consumers. In this regard, it is proposed to form the most effective national model for the development of grain exports. She should be based on the implementation of the state export policy, provide for the effective use of internal opportunities for increasing export grain resources, guarantee an optimal balance between the country’s internal needs for grain and real opportunities to increase its exports, and also have a rationally built system of market relations between all the numerous participants in the export segment of grain market. A well-organized and well-functioning system of economic relations between all links of the production and technological chains of grain movement will ensure an optimal balance between internal and external grain flows and promote a rhythmic supply of grain for export, without resorting to its sharp restrictions in some years.

The Economic Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Technological and Industrial Leadership since the Industrial Revolution

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Moe
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
The State ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Schumpeterian Growth ◽  
Industrial Leadership ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Key Industries ◽  
Do So

The article looks at Schumpeterian growth. What makes nations rise is their ability to use technological progress to create growth industries. But industrial leadership does not automatically translate into future industrial leadership, as technological progress means that the key industries never remain the same. I compare Britain, France, Germany, the U.S. and Japan during five periods of industrial leadership, from the Industrial Revolution until today, to analyze why certain nations have been better able to rise to industrial leadership, and stay there, than others. The theoretical framework blends Joseph Schumpeter and Mancur Olson’s work to yield three theoretical propositions which receive broad empirical support. First, human capital is crucial. Second, the state must prevent vested interests from blocking structural economic change. Third, the states that have managed to do so have been characterized by political consensus and social cohesion. This is because consensus and cohesion provides the state with more autonomy for independent policy-making.

scholarly journals Rating and assessment of the effectiveness of self-regulatory organizations in the field of engineering research

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Elena Matys ◽  
Natalia Meller ◽  
Inna Nekrasova ◽  
Christina Degtyareva
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
Regulatory Organization

Investment and construction activities are represented by a combination of a multitude of economic entities and economic relations between them. The Institute for Self-Regulation of Entrepreneurial and Professional Activities in Russia is innovative in terms of regulating market relations. However, the number of areas of activity that apply the principles of self-regulation is growing every year. There is a need to decide on the choice of a self-regulatory organization. The urgency of this professional community needs a system of self-regulatory organizations. The system of rating and evaluation of the effectiveness of a self-regulatory organization is necessary both for the participants in self-regulation and for the state. This is an obligatory condition for the interaction of the professional community with the authorities. This study allows to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative indicators that affect the overall efficiency of the activity and the rating of a self-regulatory organization.

scholarly journals Factors to influence the formation of the US foreign policy during the presidency of Bill Clinton

2017 ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Bondaruk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Definition Of

The US foreign policy serves as an example for other countries, as it is one of the most developed countries in the world. For a better understanding of the features of contemporary foreign policy, the preconditions for its formation are determined. The history of the United States of America has been analyzed, which has inevitably influenced the formation of its current foreign policy and geostrategy. The political system of the country is defined as one of the direct factors influencing the formation of foreign policy. It is revealed that the very political preconditions create the legal basis for the existence and development of foreign policy, and therefore their study is very important for a deeper understanding of the vectors, principles and means of implementing the modern foreign policy of any state, namely, the United States. The internal economic situation, structure and development of the country’s economy, as well as problems and challenges on the way to the development of the national economy that are directly relevant for defining the functions, priorities and directions of foreign policy are considered. After all, it is the economy that is one of the most important factors shaping the foreign economic strategy of the state, which is an important factor in the formation of foreign economic relations and politics in general. It is proved that the geopolitical situation is the main factor for the definition of foreign policy vectors of the state. The geographic and geopolitical location of the state, in this case, the United States, defines the directions and vectors of the foreign policy of the state. The article explores all the factors and preconditions for the formation of US foreign policy during the presidency of Bill Clinton and his predecessors.

scholarly journals International practices of using the cluster approach for the development of integration processes

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Eduard Karapetian
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
The State ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level

The research paper considers the existing approaches to defining the essence of clusterization and clusters in foreign economies, and presents the analysis of conditions leading to the emergence and development of industrial clusters. Some practices of forming cluster structures in the developed countries are described. The role of industrial clusters in providing real economic growth and increasing efficiency of production is clarified. It is proved that using the cluster approach in Ukraine is a necessary foundation for a revival of regional manufacturing and thereby ensuring a high level of the national economy’s competitiveness. The aim of the article is to undertake an in-depth study of international concepts and axiomatic doctrines of integration processes on the basis of using the cluster approaches, which may become the foundation of applied research devoted to efficient functioning of industrial associations as a priority of structural modernization and acceleration of innovation and investment growth of the national manufacturing. The cluster approach has emerged from implementing a policy of foreign countries focused on the development of regions. Implementation of clustering in international activities clearly demonstrates its advancement and efficiency. An important factor of improving efficiency is the organizational factor associated with the regional association of manufacturers. The regions in whose territories clusters are formed become leaders in national economies and foreign economic relations. The study of the basic concepts of competition and global practices of business activities allows us to conclude that the theory of cluster mechanisms serves as a basis for establishing more successful firms and economic systems. Cluster systems combine the most effective and interconnected types of economic activity by grouping successfully competing firms that form the leading component of the whole economic system of the state and create competitive positions in the sectoral, national and global markets. The cluster approach, which was originally used to research issues of competitiveness of individual groups of enterprises, subsequently have become applicable in solving a wider range of tasks: the analysis of the competitiveness of the state, region, sector; as a basis of national manufacturing policy; as a basis for the interaction of big and small businesses.

Economic Egoism and Humanization of Economy

2010 ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
D. Petrosyan ◽  
N. Fatkina
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Russian Economy

The role of spiritually-moral factors of development of economy is shown in the article and the essence of economic egoism is considered. Humanistic criteria of economic relations are offered, the concept of rational level of economic egoism is entered, and the ways of its achievement in the Russian economy are outlined by perfecting institutional and information policy of the state, developing the education system and upbringing.

Social Policy Change in Countries without Mature Welfare States: The Case of Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 83-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Buğra ◽  
Sinem Adar
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Environment ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New System

AbstractAs part of the institutional changes in Turkey since the 1980s that laid down the foundations of a market economy, the transformation of the social security system has recently come on the agenda. This article discusses the possible outcome of this transformation by situating the case of Turkey in the context of the contemporary international social policy environment shaped by neo-liberal globalization.It is possible to suggest that throughout the world a new system of welfare governance has recently emerged, which is characterized, first, by a novel emphasis on workfare as opposed to welfare. It modifies, second, redistributive action by the state through diverse partnerships between the state, private sector and voluntary initiatives in the provision of social care and public services. The impact of this new system of welfare governance on social policy is especially important in less developed countries where the role of the state in welfare provision is recently being taken more seriously. With the new emphasis on workfare accompanied by the increasing role of non-state actors, the newly introduced social policy measures might not necessarily consolidate the basis of citizenship rights but they might mainly serve to keep under control the socio-economic insecurity aggravated by the expansion of market relations. This observation is of particular significance for the analysis of the contemporary social policy environment in Turkey that this article presents.

scholarly journals Civil society in the context of tourism institute development

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Yu. Karpenko ◽  
M. Logvyn ◽  
L. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Definition Of

Approaches and definition of the civil society phenomenon in the context of comprehension and interconnection with institution of tourism are generalized. The carried out analysis results in to conclusion that civil society is a sphere of society endowed with principle supremacy over the state, acts independently within its legal field, but at the same time interacts with it. In particular, tourism makes it possible to implement effectively the principles of equality, non-discrimination of human and civil rights and freedoms, to realize the values of civil society and the need for its sustainable development. Civil society is viewed through the system of connections, relationships and interactions of society members, which is formed as a result of their self-organization for self-preservation in order to protect and completely realize their interests and rights. Tourism is developing as a system that affects the quality and meaning of people's lives, by creating opportunities for them to soak up the history, culture, customs, and values in order to deepen the dialogue of civilizations, to achieve mutual understanding between countries and people. In addition, tourism refers to the tertiary sector of the economy, which in the economically developed countries has the largest number of employees and is growing at the fastest pace since it interacts with the largest number of other economy sectors and accelerates the growth of the latter. The set of social institutions and practices are created and functioning to spread the relevant values and virtues, which include the institution of tourism in particular. It is proved that one of the conditions for civil society existence is the availability of effective social institutions of the state created and functioning for spreading the relevant values and virtues. Such institutions include the institution of tourism, which activities are aimed at structuring and coordinating economic relations in order to ensure their effectiveness, achieving major socio-political goals, reducing uncertainty in relations, reaching unity and consensus, promoting conflict resolution and overcoming contradictions in economy.

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