scholarly journals Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteremia from multiple clinical samples in a nosocomial infection in Erbil City

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allaa Aldilemi ◽  
Fattma A. Ali ◽  
. Susan F. Kh. AlSudani ◽  
Payam A. Othman ◽  
Bnar H. Nuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background:  Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a gram-negative pathogen that causes urinary tract infections, diarrhea, septicemia, and wound infections. Due to the spread of patients with high mortality but low mortality in Sphingomonas paucimobilis, it has been isolated from different clinical samples and is increasing antibiotic resistance all over the world.   Objectives: The aim of our research was to look at the epidemiology, antibiotic susceptibility series, and pathogenic potential of clinical samples from Erbil's Rizgary and Raparin hospitals.   Materials and Methods: A total of 2582 samples were reviewed from different clinical samples from Rizgary Hospital and Raparin Hospital from male and female, we found 24 Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolates, identified by using microscopical, morphological, biochemical tests and Vitek2 compact system according to the standard protocol against Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Cefazolin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Imipenem, Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, Lev- ofloxacin, Trimethoprim. using Vitek 2 compact system. Results: 24 total positive results of Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolated from 2582 different clinical specimens the highest percentage of Sphingomonas paucimobilis was isolated from female samples (65%) while from male (35%) wen performing antibiotic susceptibility the highest resistance rate was Trimethoprim (66.66%), followed by To bramycin (50%), Ciprofloxacin (50%) and Levofloxacin (41.66%), respectively in contrast the highest effective antibiotic against Sphingomonas paucimobilis was Cefepime (75%), Imipenem (75%), followed by Ceftriaxone (66.66%), Ceftazidime (66.66%), Cefazolin (66.66%), Ampicillin/Sulbactam (66.66%) Conclusion: Morbidity attribute to antibiotic resistance to third generation cephalosporin resistant, Sphingomonas paucimobilis resistant is significant, if prevailing resistance trends continue, high societal and economic costs can be expected. Better management of antibiotic use, and infection control is needed to avoid infections that caused by drug resistant pathogens like Sphingomonas paucimobilis.  

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification, Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Uro- Pathogenic E.Coli (UPEC) Isolated From Non-Hospitalized Urinary tract infections (UTI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Zahoor Ahmed Badini ◽  
Abdu Rauf ◽  
Mumtaz Ali Sanjrani ◽  
Mohammad Rahim Niazi ◽  
Zia-Ud-Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Tract Infections

Background of the study: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Uro-pathogenic E.coli (UPEC) considered as most serious infections with increased mortality and morbidity. The ability of UPEC to encode variety of virulence determinants correlated with high recurrence rates and antibiotic resistance. Purpose of the study: The present study focuses on DNA Extraction from E.coli by rapid PCR method and also characterization of Emboli’s molecules. E coli has the carrying ability of many mobile genes, these mobile genes carry the virulence factors. The present study was designed to detect these virulence genetic factors, using phenotypic method like multiplex PCR and detecting capsule synthesis, invasions toxin’s, Adhesions and side-rophores, The study also focused on a specific gene CHUA having ability in heme iron acquisition system and investigation of various virulence determinants expressed by UPEC and their relationship with antibiotic resistance. Methods: Total 15 clinical samples of UPEC were isolated, identified and screened for antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test and micro broth dilution method were used to measure the antibiotic sensitivity testing of UPEC isolates. The susceptibility was tested by measuring the zone size after impregnated with antibiotic discs. Results: The interpretation of zone size was done according to the proposed protocol of Clinical Laboratory and Standard Institute (CLSI). Majority of UPEC isolates (22%) were sensitive to tetracycline followed by Norfloxacin (18%). However, least sensitivity was observed against ampicillin (2%) and no sensitivity was experienced against cephalosporin (0%) and penicillin (0%). Conclusion: It has been concluded that majority of UTI patient were suffering from UPEC. Resistance of UPEC against frontline drugs increasing rapidly. Thereby rational and appropriate use of antibiotics is the only way to save important therapeutic options.

Evaluation of Parental Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use in Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslınur Albayrak ◽  
Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş ◽  
Bensu Karahalil
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract BackgroundUpper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. Most URTIs have been shown to be of viral origin. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance. The problem of unnecessary antibiotic use among children is a concern for antibiotic resistance in low- and middle-income developing countries.MethodsOur study is a cross-sectional survey study. It was carried out between 14 December 2020 and 1 April 2021 for parents over 18 years of age with a child under 18 years’ old who applied to the general pediatrics outpatient clinics of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Department of Pediatrics.Results554 parents responded to the questionnaire. A total of 15.7% of parents stated to use antibiotics in any child with fever. 37% of parents believed that antibiotics could cure infections caused by viruses. 6.3% of parents declared that they put pressure on pediatricians to prescribe antibiotics. 85.6% of the parents stated that they never gave their children non-prescription antibiotics when they had a high fever. 80.9% of them declared that they never used past antibiotics in the presence of a new infection. Female gender, high level of education, high income level and low number of antibiotics used in the last 1 year were found to be statistically significant with the better knowledge level of the parents (p <0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results of our study of parents' lack of knowledge about antibiotics in Turkey, though generally it shows proper attitude and behavior. It shows that some of the restrictions imposed by the National Action Plan are partially working. However, it is still necessary to continue to inform parents, pediatricians and pharmacists about the use of antibiotics, and to be more sensitive about the prescribing of antibiotics, and if necessary, sanctions should be imposed by the state in order to prevent unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing urinary tract infections in Youssef Hospital Center: first report from Akkar governorate, North of Lebanon

10.3823/0802 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monzer Hamze ◽  
Marwan Osman ◽  
Hassan Mallat ◽  
Elie Bou Raad
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Hospital Center

Background. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common infection feature worldwide.   Infected patients are usually treated empirically treated without culture or antibiotics susceptibility testing, and which may lead to increase antibiotic resistance level. This study aims to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of common uropathogenic bacteria isolated at Youssef Hospital Center, Akkar governorate, North of Lebanon. Methods. Spot midstream of urine samples from 9662 patients with UTI symptoms who came for medical investigation to Youssef Hospital Center located in Akkar governorate.  Urine specimens were collected in sterile plastic bottles. Culture, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using conventional tools according to the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Results.  A total of 1009 bacterial uropathogens were isolated. Escherichia coli was most presented (72.5%) of all isolates, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.2%), Enterococcus spp. (5.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.5%), Proteus spp. (3%), Enterobacter spp. (2%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (1.6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (0.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii(0.2%) and Providencia rettgeri (0.1%). Moreover, the mean antibiotic resistance rates of isolates was relatively high, but comparable to previously published data in Lebanon. Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation reporting epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial uropathogens isolated from patients in the Akkar governorate. Our data indicated the urgent need of a strategic plan to tackle antibiotic resistance, particularly in deprived regions with poor healthcare centers.   Keywords: Uropathogens, Epidemiology, Antibiotic susceptibility, Risk factors, Akkargovernorate, North Lebanon.

scholarly journals Increased antibiotic use in Norwegian hospitals despite a low antibiotic resistance rate

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2643-2646 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Haug ◽  
D. Berild ◽  
M. Walberg ◽  
A. Reikvam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistance Rate

scholarly journals Prevalence of antibiotic resistance and blaIMP-1 gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn and urinary tract infections in Isfahan, central Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeimeh Sadat Hashemi ◽  
Meysam Mojiri ◽  
Parivash Yazdani Kachouyi ◽  
Shiva Eskandari ◽  
Mehrsa Mohammadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tract Infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens responsible for various types of hospital infections. High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa strains of human clinical samples cause more severe diseases for a longer period of time. The current research was done in order to study the distribution of blaIMP-1 gene among the imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn and urinary tract infections of hospitalized patients. Two-hundred and forty-three P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from the cases of burn and urinary tract infections of inpatients and outpatients were analysis for antibiotic resistance pattern using the disk diffusion method. Then, imipenem-resistant isolates were further analyzed for distribution of blaIMP-1 gene using the PCR. Of 243 P. aeruginosa isolates, 146 strains (60.08%) were taken from outpatients and 97 strains (39.91%) were taken from inpatients. P. aeruginosa isolates harbored the highest levels of resistance against streptomycin (100%), nalidixic acid (100%), aztreonam (100%), cotrimoxazole (95.47%), ciprofloxacin (88.47%), cefotaxime (84.36%) and gentamycin (83.95%). Inpatients had a relatively higher levels of antibiotic resistance. One-hundred and twenty-one out of 126 (96.03%) imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates harbored the blaIMP-1 gene. Inpatients also had a relatively higher prevalence of blaIMP-1 gene. High prevalence of blaIMP-1 gene and also imipenemresistant P. aeruginosa are important public health issue. Clinical laboratories should consider the detection of the blaIMP-1 gene among the P. aeruginosa isolates of clinical samples.

scholarly journals Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2015–17 in Turkey: data based on CLSI, EUCAST (dose-specific) and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i88-i99
Author(s):  
D Torumkuney ◽  
A Tunger ◽  
B Sancak ◽  
A Bıçakçıgil ◽  
B Altun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Time ◽  
Higher Doses

Abstract Objectives To determine antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolates from community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CA-RTIs) collected in 2015–17 from Turkey. Methods MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and susceptibility was assessed using CLSI, EUCAST (dose-specific) and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints. Results A total of 179 S. pneumoniae and 239 H. influenzae isolates were collected. Few (27.9%) pneumococci were penicillin susceptible by CLSI oral or EUCAST low-dose breakpoints, but by EUCAST high-dose or CLSI IV breakpoints 84.4% were susceptible. The most active antibiotics (excluding penicillin IV) by CLSI breakpoints were fluoroquinolones (98.9% of isolates susceptible), ceftriaxone (83.2%), amoxicillin (78.8%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (78.8%). Pneumococcal susceptibility to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was lower using EUCAST low-dose breakpoints (49.7%), although susceptibility increased when using EUCAST high-dose (57.0%–58.1%) and PK/PD (78.8%–87.7%) breakpoints. Twenty-three H. influenzae isolates were β-lactamase positive, with 11 characterized as β-lactamase negative and ampicillin resistant following EUCAST criteria and 5 by CLSI criteria. Generally antibiotic susceptibility was high using CLSI breakpoints: ≥92.9% for all antibiotics except ampicillin (87% by CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (67.4% and 72% by CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints, respectively). Susceptibility using EUCAST breakpoints (where these are published) was similar, except for cefuroxime (oral) with 3.8% of isolates susceptible. PK/PD breakpoints indicated low susceptibility to macrolides (5.9%–10%) and cefaclor (13%). The application of different EUCAST breakpoints for low and higher doses for some of the antibiotics (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, penicillin, ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) allowed, for the first time in a SOAR study, the effect of raising the dosage on susceptibility to be quantified. Conclusions Antibiotic susceptibility of S. pneumoniae was generally low, which is in keeping with evidence of inappropriate and high antibiotic use in Turkey. H. influenzae susceptibility was high. These data are important for empirical therapy of CA-RTIs.

scholarly journals Beta-Lactamases Production in Multi-drug Resistant Acinetobacter species Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Mary Neupane ◽  
Sudeep K.C. ◽  
Subash Kumar Thakur ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
Dev Raj Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Acinetobacter spp. from different clinical specimens and detect different types of β-lactamase enzymes. Methods: Different clinical samples were collected and 125 Acinetobacter spp. were isolated.  Various biochemical tests were carried out to speciate the Acinetobacter spp. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern and β-lactamase enzymes like Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) and AmpC β-lactamase were determined. Results: Of the total 125 isolates, the most predominant species was Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (Acb) complex (80%). Highest rate of isolation of Acinetobacter species were from in-patients (neonates’ blood sample).  Among all, 44.8% isolates were found to be MDR with the majority being resistant to aminoglycosides, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones but not to colistin. ESBL, MBL and AmpC beta-lactamase was detected in 43.2%, 15.2% and 1.6% of the isolates respectively. Conclusion: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex should be considered for detection in hospitalized patients. The analysis of antibiotic susceptibility pattern and β-lactamases would be helpful to establish network surveillance in order to maintain and control the spread of these resistant strains.

scholarly journals Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kiana Karimi ◽  
Omid Zarei ◽  
Parinaz Sedighi ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Amin Doosti-Irani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tract Infections

Aim. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an encapsulated Gram-negative bacterium that can lead to 14–20% of nosocomial infections. The ability of biofilm formation in this bacterium decreases the host immune response and antibiotic efficacy. This may impose a huge impact on patients and healthcare settings. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from two major Hamadan hospitals, west of Iran. Methods. A total of 83 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from clinical samples of patients in different wards of Hamadan hospitals from September 2018 to March 2019. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the crystal violet method. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software and chi-square test. Results. The results showed that clinical samples included 18 urinary tract samples (22%), 6 wound samples (7%), 6 blood samples (7%), 17 tracheal tube aspiration samples (20%), 32 throat cultures (38%), 2 sputum samples (2.5%), and 2 abscess drain cultures (2.5%). High-level resistance to cefotaxime was detected in 92%, and all of isolates were susceptible to colistin. Biofilm formation was seen in 62 (75%) isolates. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 17 (20%) strains. A significant correlation was seen between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance ( P value <0.05). Conclusion. Our findings emphasize the need for proper diagnosis, control, and treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae especially in respiratory tract infections due to the strong biofilm formation and high antibiotic resistance in these strains.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections inPakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Sarmad Zahoor ◽  
Naveed Shehzad Ahmad ◽  
Sadia Asif ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Sajid Jehangir ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary track infection (UTI) is a common infection in Pakistan. Poor knowledge about personal hygiene and lack of awareness are major reasons of this infection. All over the world and in Pakistan E. coli and K. pneumonia are main causative agents of UTI.Objectives:To analyze Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections.Methods: In present study total 227 samples from Genomic Research Lab and Diagnostic Center Rawalpindi, Pakistan were tested for presence of different microbial infectious agents and their antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern. Biochemical test such as Gram staining, Lactose fermentation test, Motility test, Catalase test and Colony formation on MacConkey agar, Indole test, and Citrate utilization test were applied. The antibiotic susceptibility and resistance pattern was evaluated by using fourteen different antibiotics on MullarHigton agar. Top ten antibiotics were selected at a cut off value of 100 samples for E. coli and 20 samples for Klebsiella.Results: Against E. coli and K. species the most susceptible antibiotic was Imipenam with 97.5% and Amikacin with 94.9% susceptibility respectively. Moreover, against E. coli and K. species the most resistance antibiotic was Ciprofloxacin 81.7% and Tobramycin with 76.1% resistance respectively. The comparison of present study with pervious studies had shown an increase in resistance against various antibiotics.Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that antibiotic resistance is on raise in Pakistan and the effect of each antibiotic was different with respect to type of infectious agent so it is recommended that the doctor should determine the dominant type of infectious agent and its susceptibility response before prescription of any antibiotic.   

scholarly journals Outpatient prescribing of four major antibiotic classes and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in US adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Goldstein ◽  
Derek R. MacFadden ◽  
Robyn S. Lee ◽  
Marc Lipsitch
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atlas Data ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information on the relation between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in the US.MethodsWe used multivariable logistic regression to relate state-specific rates of outpatient prescribing overall for fluoroquinolones, penicillins, macrolides, and cephalosporins between 2011-2014 to state-specific prevalence of resistance for select combinations of antibiotics/bacteria among catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in the CDC Patient Safety Atlas data between 2011-2014 for adults aged 65+y and 19-64y, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsRates of fluoroquinolone prescribing were positively associated with prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (both age groups), resistance to extended-spectrum (ES) cephalosporins in E. coli (aged 19-64y), and resistance to methicillin in Staphylococcus aureus (aged 19-64y). Rates of penicillin prescribing were positively associated with prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones in E. coli (aged 65+) and P. aeruginosa (both age groups), and resistance to ES cephalosporins in Klebsiella spp. (both age groups). Rates of cephalosporin prescribing were negatively associated with prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones in E. coli and resistance to ES cephalosporins in Klebsiella spp. (both age groups). Average annual temperature was positively associated with prevalence of resistance to ES cephalosporins in E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and resistance to fluoroquinolones in E. coli.ConclusionsOur results suggest that prescribing of fluoroquinolones and penicillins to US adults is associated with prevalence of antibiotic resistance, including ESBLs and MRSA. Further work is needed to understand the potential benefit of replacing fluoroquinolones and penicillins by other antibiotics for reducing prevalence of antibiotic resistance.

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