Dissipation rates of some selected pesticides from the soil of tea agroecosystem in Assam, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumnam Devashree ◽  
B. K. Dutta ◽  
S. B. Paul ◽  
Sudip Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was carried out in Rosekandy Tea Estate, Barak Valley, Assam to investigate the persistence of some selected pesticides (i.e Endosulfan, Fipronil, Paraquat and 2,4-D) on the soil. These pesticides were applied in the soil as per the application rate, where one year old tea plants were growing and the residue were analysed for a period of 50 days. Their degradation kinetics in soil was also studied and described. Soil samples were collected with the help of soil corer. The samples were brought to the laboratory, air dried in room temperature and extracted for analysis with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the pesticides 2,4-D was highly persistent with half life of 57.75 days followed by Endosulfan which lost 42.64% of its initial concentration by the last sampling period (i.e 50 days) after the spraying. Fipronil and paraquat lost 65% and 70.32% of initial residue in soil making them the least persistent amongst these pesticides in the studied soil. Considering the impact of pesticide residues on human health, the less persistent pesticides may be used in tea plantations to minimize the potential negative impact of pesticides in the environment. The cost benefit ratios of the use of the pesticides should be also worked out.

The impact of cats and foxes on the small vertebrate fauna of Heirisson Prong, Western Australia. II. A field experiment

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Risbey ◽  
Michael C. Calver ◽  
Jeff Short ◽  
J. Stuart Bradley ◽  
Ian W. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Predator Removal ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Small Vertebrate ◽  
The Impact

The hypothesis that predation by feral cats and introduced foxes reduces population sizes of small, native vertebrates was supported by results of a predator-removal experiment at Heirisson Prong, a semi-arid site in Western Australia. The methods of control used against cats and foxes to protect native mammals reintroduced to Heirisson Prong produced three broad ‘predator zones’: a low-cat and low-fox zone, where foxes were eradicated and spotlight counts of cats declined after intensive cat control; a high-cat and low-fox zone where spotlight counts of cats increased three-fold after foxes were controlled; and a zone where numbers of cats and foxes were not manipulated. Small mammals and reptiles were monitored for one year before and three years after predator control began. Captures of small mammals increased in the low-cat and low-fox zone, but where only foxes were controlled captures of small mammals declined by 80%. In the absence of cat and fox control, captures of small mammals were variable over the sampling period, lower than where both cats and foxes were controlled, yet higher than where only foxes were controlled. The capture success of reptiles did not appear to be related to changes in predator counts. This study presents the first experimental evidence from mainland Australia that feral cats can have a negative impact on populations of small mammals.

scholarly journals Analysis of factors that influence the ICT adoption by SMEs in Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Osorio-Gallego ◽  
John Londoño-Metaute ◽  
Esteban López-Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ict Adoption ◽  
New Business ◽  
Adoption Level ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The objective of this article is to analyze the factors that influence the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by SMEs in Colombia.Design/methodology: To prove empirically these hypotheses, we administered a questionnaire to a sample of 474 SMEs in Colombia regarding the adoption of ICT and independent variables identified in the literature. Then, we conducted a series of multiple regression models using the data we obtained.Findings: We developed a model that identifies a positive relation between new business opportunities that ICT offer and their adoption level. Likewise, this research identified that a lack of confidence in ICT's security and privacy, a perception of ICT cost-benefit unbalance have a negative impact on the implementation of these technologies.Research limitations/implications: This study has limitations that are inherent to cross-sectional research. These restrict the possibility of conducting dynamic analysis between independent and dependent variables. Likewise, the generalization of results is circumscribed to a geographical context and the type of enterprises surveyed.Practical implications: The results of this research provide valuable contributions to decision-making by SMEs' directors and to public policies that foster the implementation of ICT in SMEs based on an analysis of benefits and barriers found in this study.Originality/value: In view of a lack of empirical work that analyzes the implementation of technology in enterprises in emerging countries, this study provides a valuable contribution to the creation of knowledge when attempting to explain the implementation of ICT using a representative sample of SMEs in Colombia identifying the quantitative form of the impact of the benefits and barriers of these technologies.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Credit Growth in Lebanon

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Awdeh
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Credit Growth ◽  
One Year ◽  
Loan Growth ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at defining the credit growth determinants in Lebanon by exploiting a panel data of 34 commercial banks over the period 2000-2015. The empirical results show that deposit growth, GDP growth, inflation, and money supply, all boost bank credit to the resident private sector. Conversely, credit risk, lending interest rate, T-bill rate, public borrowing, and remittance inflows decrease loan growth. We extend our analysis and detect the impact of one year lag of all exploited variables in order to find out if they have a delayed impact on credit growth, where we find several different results. For instance, lag LLP recorded the opposite effect of LLP; ROA does not affect credit growth, whereas its lag lowers credit growth; the impact of a change in money supply amplifies considerably after one year; and finally, the negative impact of remittances fades away after one year.  

scholarly journals Simulated mining-related sedimentation impacts on the deep-sea macrofauna of the Chatham Rise, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Campbell Murray
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

<p>With the possibility of deep-sea mining of marine mineral resources occurring in the near future, it is necessary to understand the potential impacts that mining may have on benthic communities. Previous simulated mining experiments have observed direct impacts of deep-sea mining (e.g., faunal mortality); however, indirect impacts of sedimentation were not understood. In New Zealand, there has been interest in mining the seabed of the Chatham Rise, but mining consents have been refused, partly due to the uncertainties of sedimentation impacts on benthic communities. A disturbance experiment conducted in 2019 on the Rise used a modified agricultural plough designed to create a sediment cloud that could result from mining. This disturbance was used to assess the resilience of benthic communities to sedimentation in a proposed future mining area. Macrofaunal and sediment samples were collected with a multicorer before, immediately after and one year after disturbance to assess the impact on the community and its ability to recover. Samplingevents took place in disturbed (physically run over by the plough and subjected to sedimentation) and undisturbed areas (subjected to sedimentation only) at each sampling period. Macrofaunal abundance significantly decreased in disturbed areas after disturbancebut not in undisturbed areas. However, community structure changed in both areas after disturbance; in disturbed areas this was mostly driven by changes in numerically dominant fauna, but in undisturbed areas by the more sensitive fauna which may provide an early warning sign for further changes under increased sedimentation. One year after disturbance, community structure had recovered in both areas. Abundance-based community structure correlated most strongly with C:N molar ratios in the sediment which increased after disturbance. Ecosystem function was measured by sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC) which increased similarly in both disturbed and undisturbed areas after disturbance; SCOC may be a more sensitive measure than community structure in assessing sedimentation impacts. No correlations were found between SCOC and macrofaunal abundance, biomass, diversity or bacterial abundance. The results of this research are useful for managing the impacts of industries where sedimentation is an issue, such as for bottom trawl fisheries and deep-sea mining. The results highlight the importance of leaving unmined patches of seabed adjacent to or within mined areas, to aid the recovery of macrofaunal communities subjected to mining disturbance.</p>

scholarly journals Next level proctored exam for proficiency testing in Primary Care Education: an observatory study on efficiency and accuracy and on exam outcome. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte Schoenmakers ◽  
Johan Wens
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Primary Care Education ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The COVID19 pandemic affected education and assessment and led to a complex planning. Therefore, we organised the proficiency test for admission to Family Medicine as a proctored exam. To prevent from fraud we developed a virtual supervisor app tracking and tracing candidates’ behaviour. OBJECTIVE To assess efficiency and accuracy of the proctored exam procedure and to test the impact on the exam scores. METHODS The app operates on three levels to register events: recording of actions, analyses of behaviour and live supervision. Each suspicious event is given a score. To assess efficiency we inventoried the technical issues and the interventions. To test accuracy we counted the number of suspicious students and behaviours. To test the impact of the supervising app on students’ exam outcome we compared the scores between the proctored and the on campus group. Candidates were free to register for off or on campus participation. RESULTS 593 candidates subscribed to the exam: 472 (79%) candidates used the supervisor app and 121 (20%) were on campus. Test results of both groups were comparable. We registered 15 technical issues in off campus context. Two candidates experienced a negative impact on the exam due to the technical issue. The app detected 22 candidates with a suspicious level >1, mainly increased due to background noise. All events occurred without fraud purpose. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrated that a supervisor app with recording and registration behaviour is able to detect suspicious events without an impact on the exam. Background noise was the most critical event. There was no fraud detected. A supervisor app registering and recording behaviour to prevent from fraud during exams is efficient and not affecting the exam outcome. In future research, a controlled design should compare the cost-benefit balance between the complex intervention of the supervisor app and the combination of the candidates’ awareness of being monitored with a safe exam browsing plug in. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

The Spiral Effect of Incarceration

2016 ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
Ekunwe Ikponwosa ◽  
Stephen Egharevba
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prison Sentence ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
The Family ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latent Function

The discussions surrounding imprisonment in response to crime in society has traditionally been on deterrent. A latent function of incarceration is the impact that a prison sentence has on the family of prisoners. Not much attention has been given to the spiral effect on families during incarceration. For example, in the United States, with increasingly harsh sentences being served in prisons in remote locations, severe hardships fall upon inmates and their families. The present study explores the ways in which Finland has sought to reduce the negative impact of a prison sentence on both inmate and family members. The study is based on one year of participant observation in an “open prison” in Finland, and interviews and observations with inmates and their families (numbers of inmates and families observed). Two questions that guide this research are: 1) What problems arise due to the incarceration of a family member? 2) What strategies are employed to respond to these problems? For example, having served times in prison reduces ex-prisoners' marriages as marriages does prevent recidivism. In other words, wives often instilled discipline in their partners in such a way to avoiding deviant behaviour. The open prison in Finland does reduces ill-mannered treatment of inmate partners by prison staffs during visits, reduces expensive collect calls, and the long waiting times for visitations, etc.

scholarly journals Effect of Online Training during the COVID-19 Quarantine on the Aerobic Capacity of Youth Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6195
Author(s):  
Paweł Kalinowski ◽  
Jakub Myszkowski ◽  
Jakub Marynowicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Motor abilities, such as endurance and the optimal level of physical activity, play a fundamental role in football as they are necessary to maintain the high effectiveness of the training process. The aim of this study was the observation of the trend of changes in the level of cardiorespiratory endurance of young football players in a one-year cycle overlapping with the COVID-19 lockdown and an assessment of the impact of the training intervention during home confinement. The participants of the study were 24 young football players. We analysed the results of the study in a one-year training cycle (lockdown from 11 March 2020 to 6 May 2020). The cardiorespiratory endurance was measured using the Multistage 20 m Shuttle Run test—Beep Test. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used in the study. Detailed comparisons were made using Tukey’s HSD test. Statistically significant differences were noted in endurance in a one year cycle: F(5.115) = 22.65; p < 0.001; partial Eta-squared = 0.50. An increase in the level of endurance by mean = 179.17 m, SD ± 189.87 m was noted between T1 and T6. After the break caused by the COVID-19 restrictions, a decrease in the level of cardiorespiratory endurance was noted. Only after two training mesocycles was a significant increase in the mean value noted compared to the period before the pandemic (p < 0.05). With the negative impact of restrictions in mind, coaches and physiotherapists should exercise caution when planning training, taking into consideration the level of physical activity during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Analysis of welding kind impact upon phase structure and inner stresses of austenitic and duplex steel welded joints

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Sergey Kuryntsev
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Duplex Steel ◽  
High Cooling Rates ◽  
The Impact

A literature review and own investigations of the impact of a welding kind and post-welding thermal treatment upon a phase structure and residual stresses of welded joints are carried out. It is defined that such high-performance and promising welding kinds as electronic-beam welding (EBW) and laser welding (LW) have a negative impact upon a phase structure of two-phase (duplex) and single-phase steels as a result of high cooling rates of welded joints.

scholarly journals The Impact of War in Yemen on Immunization Coverage of Children Under One Year of Age: Descriptive Study

10.2196/14461 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e14461
Author(s):  
Amr Torbosh ◽  
Mohammed Abdulla Al Amad ◽  
Abdulwahed Al Serouri ◽  
Yousef Khader
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
One Year ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marked Drop

Background After 2 years of war that crippled the capacity of the Yemeni National Health System and left only 45% of health facilities functioning, Yemen faced increasing vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) outbreaks and may be at high risk of polio importation. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the 2015 war on the immunization coverage of children under 1 year. Methods Data on vaccination coverage for 2012-2015 were obtained from the national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). The vaccination coverage was calculated at the national and governorate levels by dividing the number of actually vaccinated children by the estimated population of children under 1 year. Results Although there was an increase from 2012 to 2014 in the national coverage for penta-3 vaccine (82% in 2012 vs 88% in 2014) and measles vaccine (70% in 2012 vs 75% in 2014), the coverage was still below the national target (≥95%). Furthermore, the year 2015 witnessed a marked drop in the national coverage compared with 2014 for the measles vaccine (66% in 2015 vs 75% in 2014), but a slight drop in penta-3 vaccine coverage (84% in 2015 vs 88% in 2014). Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine also showed a marked drop from 73% in 2014 to 49% in 2015. These reductions were more marked in governorates that witnessed armed confrontations (eg, Taiz, Lahj, and Sa’dah governorates). On the other hand, governorates that did not witness armed confrontations showed an increase in coverage (eg, Raymah and Ibb), owing to an increase in their population because of displacement from less secure and confrontation-prone governorates. Conclusions This analysis demonstrated the marked negative impact of the 2015 war on immunization coverage, especially in the governorates that witnessed armed confrontations. This could put Yemen at more risk of VPD outbreaks and polio importation. Besides the ongoing efforts to stop the Yemeni war, strategies for more innovative vaccine delivery or provision and fulfilling the increasing demands are needed, especially in governorates with confrontations. Enhancing EPI performance through supportable investments in infrastructure that was destroyed by the war and providing decentralized funds are a prerequisite.

scholarly journals Is Capitalization of Operating Lease Way to Increase of Comparability of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with IFRS and US GAAP?

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514
Author(s):  
Hana Bohušová
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Common Effort ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lease Contracts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Us Gaap

The paper is concerned with an evaluation of possibilities of companies using operating lease and prepared financial statements under IFRS or US GAAP comparison. The data of non-financial companies listed on the Prague Stock Exchange and reporting information on operating lease in accordance with IAS 17 are used. The study presents the impact of operating lease capitalization on companies’ financial statements and financial analysis ratios. The results show a negative impact of operating lease capitalization on financial analysis ratios. The study was motivated by a common effort of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to develop the common standard for Lease reporting. In 2013, a joint exposure dra of standard (ED2013/6) Leases was published. Under the new standard, it is required to capitalize all lease agreements over one year. The distinction between operating leases and finance leases should not exist anymore. The study was carried out to demonstrate the potential impact resulting from the proposed adoption of the new accounting standard concerning mandatory capitalization of all lease contracts.

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