scholarly journals Effect of Online Training during the COVID-19 Quarantine on the Aerobic Capacity of Youth Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6195
Author(s):  
Paweł Kalinowski ◽  
Jakub Myszkowski ◽  
Jakub Marynowicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Motor abilities, such as endurance and the optimal level of physical activity, play a fundamental role in football as they are necessary to maintain the high effectiveness of the training process. The aim of this study was the observation of the trend of changes in the level of cardiorespiratory endurance of young football players in a one-year cycle overlapping with the COVID-19 lockdown and an assessment of the impact of the training intervention during home confinement. The participants of the study were 24 young football players. We analysed the results of the study in a one-year training cycle (lockdown from 11 March 2020 to 6 May 2020). The cardiorespiratory endurance was measured using the Multistage 20 m Shuttle Run test—Beep Test. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used in the study. Detailed comparisons were made using Tukey’s HSD test. Statistically significant differences were noted in endurance in a one year cycle: F(5.115) = 22.65; p < 0.001; partial Eta-squared = 0.50. An increase in the level of endurance by mean = 179.17 m, SD ± 189.87 m was noted between T1 and T6. After the break caused by the COVID-19 restrictions, a decrease in the level of cardiorespiratory endurance was noted. Only after two training mesocycles was a significant increase in the mean value noted compared to the period before the pandemic (p < 0.05). With the negative impact of restrictions in mind, coaches and physiotherapists should exercise caution when planning training, taking into consideration the level of physical activity during the pandemic.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 quarantine on dietary habits and physical activity in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Abduljalil Bakhsh ◽  
Jomana Khawandanah ◽  
Rouba Khalil Naaman ◽  
Shoug Alashmali
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments around the world to impose strict hygiene and national lockdown measures, which in turn has changed the dietary and lifestyle habits of the world’s population. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate whether dietary and physical activity behaviors of Saudi Arabia’s adult population changed during the COVID-19 quarantine. Methods An electronic questionnaire which assessed changes in body weight, dietary habits, and physical activity of Saudi Arabia’s adult population (n = 2255) during the COVID-19 quarantine was distributed on social media between June and July 2020. To test the differences between changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors in relation to changes in body weight a Chi-square test was used. Results Over 40 and 45% of participants reported eating and snacking more, respectively, which led to weight gain in around 28%. Most participants reported that they consumed home-cooked (73%) and healthy meals (47%), while only 7% reported that they consumed foods from restaurants. Feelings of boredom and emptiness (44%) and the availability of time for preparing meals (40%) were the main reasons for changing dietary habits. Honey (43%) and vitamin C (50%) were the most consumed immune-boosting food and dietary supplement, respectively. COVID-19 also had a negative impact on physical activity, lowering the practice in 52% subjects, which was associated with significant weight gain (p < 0.001). Conclusion Assessing the changes to the population’s dietary habits and physical activity during the lockdown will help predict the outcome of the population’s future health and wellbeing after the pandemic.

scholarly journals Legacies of a mega sporting event for healthy adolescent development: a case study of the 2010 Vancouver Olympic and Paralympic Games

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ann Smith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adolescent Development ◽  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Healthy Adolescent ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies have considered the impact of hosting a mega sporting event on adults. Using the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics and Paralympics as a case study, this thesis is the first to consider the impact of such an event on adolescents over a decade pre and post the event. It investigates the legacies of the 2010 Games on physical activity, employment, and community connectedness, and the environmental, psychological and social mechanisms through which any legacies may have occurred. A mixed-methods approach was used which combined analyses of cross-sectional data from the BC Adolescent Health Survey and Homeless and Street Involved Youth Survey, with sports club membership data and stakeholder consultations. Using selfreport data from over 60,000 adolescents—including three subpopulations typically excluded from mega events (adolescents with a disability, experiencing homelessness, and at risk of incarceration)—the study considered positive and negative, planned and unplanned, tangible and intangible legacies, and the time and space in which they occurred (Preuss, 2016). Results differed by age, gender and location. For example, the 2010 Games were more likely to have both a positive and negative impact on homeless youth in host communities compared to non-host communities. However, across British Columbia, a positive perception of the Games’ impact was associated with regular physical activity. Vulnerable subpopulations generally reported more negative impacts of the Games, but those who reported positive impacts experienced some reduction in health disparities with the general population. However, rather than serving as a catalyst to close the gap in organised sports participation between adolescents with a physical disability and their peers, the disparity increased following the Games. Stakeholder consultations provided context to these findings, and offered insight into how future mega sporting events might be leveraged to support healthy adolescent development at the population and subpopulation level.

scholarly journals P1415PARATHYROIDECTOMY IMPROVES MUSCULAR FUNCTION BUT NOT MUSCLE MASS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Crispilho ◽  
Eduardo J Duque ◽  
Carla Avesani ◽  
Rosa Maria R Pereira ◽  
Ana Lúcia De Sá-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Muscular Function ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims Increased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with a negative impact on the bone-muscle axis including sarcopenia with muscle weakness and muscle atrophy and osteoporosis, and it is possible that treating hyperparathyroidism (HPT) can ameliorate these disturbances. However, the effects of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on muscle mass, strength and performance, and physical activity have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to evaluate the impact of PTX on muscle (mass, strength, and performance), physical activity, body fat and resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients on hemodialysis with severe HPT. Method We are prospectively evaluating muscle mass strength, performance and physical activity of 30 patients before and after 6 months of PTX by using Actigraph GT3X accelerometer, timed-up-and-Go (TuG), Sit-to-Stand-to-Sit (STS) and muscle strength tests [handgrip (HGS), supine (SP) and leg press (LP)]. Body composition changes were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and REE was examined by indirect calorimetry. Results At 6 months after PTX, 11 patients who already completed the protocol, showed a significant drop in PTH [1445 (1363-1937) vs. 54 (23-132) pg/mL; p = 0.002] and alkaline phosphatase [306 (235-744) vs. 77.5 (52-100] U/L); p = 0.002], a significant increase of number of steps/day [4321 (3384 – 6317) vs. 5950 (3918 – 7159); p = 0.04] and improvements of strength tests: HGS (27 ±14 vs. 31 ±15 kg; p = 0.01); SP (27 ±15 vs. 31 ±17 kg; p = 0.01] and LP [27 (2-36) vs. 36 (24-89) kg; p 0.04]. In addition, there was a significant reduction of TuG [10 (8-15) vs. 8 (7-11) seconds; p = 0.01], and a tendency towards STS improvement [6 (0-7) vs. 8 (7-11); p = 0.06]. A significant increase in body weight (66 ± 12 vs. 68 ± 14 Kg; p = 0.02), body mass index [24 (21–26) vs. 26 (21–28) kg/m2; p 0.001], and bone mineral content (BMC) [1.8 (1.3-2) vs. 2.1 (1.7-2.7); p=0.002] was seen. However, lean body mass (LBM) decreased [40.4 (38-55) vs. 39 (37-51) Kg; p=0.001], whereas fat mass (FAT) increased [18 (17-28) vs. 24 (17–30) kg; p = 0.02]. No change was noted in skeletal muscle index (SMI) and in REE [1580 (1193–1988) vs. 1473 (1326 - 1786) kcal/day; p = 0.7). We noticed a tendency toward an increase in IGF-1 levels [180 (141-207) vs. 223 (151-281) µg/L; p = 0.08], but no significant variation was found in serum albumin, insulin and HOMA index. Conclusion In hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing PTX, there were marked improvements of muscular function and bone mass, but not of muscle mass. Our findings suggest that PTH-associated sarcopenia is mediated not only by a decrease in muscle mass but also by muscle dysfunction. The long-term effect of PTX on muscle status remains to be further examined.

Dissipation rates of some selected pesticides from the soil of tea agroecosystem in Assam, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumnam Devashree ◽  
B. K. Dutta ◽  
S. B. Paul ◽  
Sudip Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was carried out in Rosekandy Tea Estate, Barak Valley, Assam to investigate the persistence of some selected pesticides (i.e Endosulfan, Fipronil, Paraquat and 2,4-D) on the soil. These pesticides were applied in the soil as per the application rate, where one year old tea plants were growing and the residue were analysed for a period of 50 days. Their degradation kinetics in soil was also studied and described. Soil samples were collected with the help of soil corer. The samples were brought to the laboratory, air dried in room temperature and extracted for analysis with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the pesticides 2,4-D was highly persistent with half life of 57.75 days followed by Endosulfan which lost 42.64% of its initial concentration by the last sampling period (i.e 50 days) after the spraying. Fipronil and paraquat lost 65% and 70.32% of initial residue in soil making them the least persistent amongst these pesticides in the studied soil. Considering the impact of pesticide residues on human health, the less persistent pesticides may be used in tea plantations to minimize the potential negative impact of pesticides in the environment. The cost benefit ratios of the use of the pesticides should be also worked out.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Credit Growth in Lebanon

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Awdeh
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Credit Growth ◽  
One Year ◽  
Loan Growth ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at defining the credit growth determinants in Lebanon by exploiting a panel data of 34 commercial banks over the period 2000-2015. The empirical results show that deposit growth, GDP growth, inflation, and money supply, all boost bank credit to the resident private sector. Conversely, credit risk, lending interest rate, T-bill rate, public borrowing, and remittance inflows decrease loan growth. We extend our analysis and detect the impact of one year lag of all exploited variables in order to find out if they have a delayed impact on credit growth, where we find several different results. For instance, lag LLP recorded the opposite effect of LLP; ROA does not affect credit growth, whereas its lag lowers credit growth; the impact of a change in money supply amplifies considerably after one year; and finally, the negative impact of remittances fades away after one year.  

scholarly journals The Effect of Pandemic Movement Restriction Policies on Children's Physical Fitness, Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawnda A. Morrison ◽  
Kaja Meh ◽  
Vedrana Sember ◽  
Gregor Starc ◽  
Gregor Jurak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
The Impact

Background: The negative impact of isolation, confinement, and physical (in)activity due to pandemic movement restriction has been well-documented over the past year, but less is known on the impact of these policies on children's physical fitness. This study was designed to determine the effects of pandemic movement restriction policies on the 24-hour movement behavior (24-HMB) of children, and whether any alterations are reflected in worsening physical fitness outcomes determined via direct testing.Methods: A two-phase, repeated-measures study with matched controls was conducted. Phase One: N = 62 schoolchildren (N = 31 female) completed self-assessment questionnaires on 24-HMB in October 2018 (pre-pandemic) and again in April 2020, at the height of movement restrictions enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic first wave. Phase Two: physical fitness of the original N = 62 children were determined directly pre- and post-isolation using an eight-component standardized fitness test battery and compared to N = 62 control children who were matched for age, sex, school region, and fitness centile scores.Results: During lockdown (total duration: 63 days), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) decreased by ~46 min per day, screen time demonstrated a significant interaction effect, such that kids reported spending less recreational screen time on weekends during lockdown compared to no restriction, and sleep duration was consistently lower (95% CI: −104.1 to −45.5 min, p &lt; 0.001). No interaction effect was present for direct fitness indicators, including: hand tapping (reaction time), standing broad jump, polygon backward obstacle course (coordination), sit-ups, stand-and-reach, bent-arm hang, 60-m, and 600-m run (p ≥ 0.05) although significant main effects are noted for both sexes.Conclusion: Initial changes in 24-HMB did not translate to reductions in physical fitness per se, likely due to the high initial fitness levels of the children. Further work is needed to confirm whether longer or repeated movement restrictions exacerbate initial negative 24-HMB trends, especially for children who are less fit when restrictions are initiated, prolonged, or repeated.

The Spiral Effect of Incarceration

2016 ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
Ekunwe Ikponwosa ◽  
Stephen Egharevba
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prison Sentence ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
The Family ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latent Function

The discussions surrounding imprisonment in response to crime in society has traditionally been on deterrent. A latent function of incarceration is the impact that a prison sentence has on the family of prisoners. Not much attention has been given to the spiral effect on families during incarceration. For example, in the United States, with increasingly harsh sentences being served in prisons in remote locations, severe hardships fall upon inmates and their families. The present study explores the ways in which Finland has sought to reduce the negative impact of a prison sentence on both inmate and family members. The study is based on one year of participant observation in an “open prison” in Finland, and interviews and observations with inmates and their families (numbers of inmates and families observed). Two questions that guide this research are: 1) What problems arise due to the incarceration of a family member? 2) What strategies are employed to respond to these problems? For example, having served times in prison reduces ex-prisoners' marriages as marriages does prevent recidivism. In other words, wives often instilled discipline in their partners in such a way to avoiding deviant behaviour. The open prison in Finland does reduces ill-mannered treatment of inmate partners by prison staffs during visits, reduces expensive collect calls, and the long waiting times for visitations, etc.

The impact of different types of physical activity on walking as a vital everyday movement in older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Svobodová ◽  
Martin Sebera ◽  
Kateřina Strašilová ◽  
Tomáš Hlinský ◽  
Marie Crhová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Proprioceptive Training ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:Due to an international trend of the aging population, we see increased attention paid to studies dealing with the factors that have a positive or negative impact on successful aging. As we know, a higher level of physical activity and thus increased physical fitness sig-nificantly affect the quality of aging. One of the major problems in the elderly is the risks of falls. This age group is at high risk of injuries caused by falls. Analyses of aspects related to the falls revealed the significance of lower muscular tension, previous experience with falling, the bad stereotype of the walk, impaired balanced abilities, and so on. Purpose: In this study, we focused on the impact of different types of physical activity on walking as a vital everyday movement. Methods: Fortyfour older adults (Mage 69,09 years, SD 4,25; 22 male and 22 female) were randomly assigned to four groups, three training groups, and one control group; resistance training group, proprioceptive training group, endurance training group. The group consisted of seniors without a history of malignant disease during their life and without regular physical activity. All groups were tested on timed 10-meter walk test (10MWT), the 3-m backward walk (3MBW), and the 6-minute walk test (6MWD) at baseline, after 12 weeks and after 14 weeks (2 weeks after finishing intervention program). The 10MWT is used to assess walking speed over a short distance. The 3MBW is a test-close related fall risk. The 6MWD is a sub-maximal exercise test used to assess aerobic capacity and endurance. The distance covered over a time of 6 minutes is used as the outcome by which to compare changes in performance capacity. Results: We revealed differences between the types of exercises and the sustain-ability of the acquired skills. Results indicated significant improvements in gait speed in all ex-ercise groups. Subsequent measurements after a 14-day off indicated a slight deterioration trend in all groups. The resistance group showed the best results in the walk-back test. This group was the only one to maintain its standard also after 14-days off. All groups, including control, showed an improvement in aerobic capacity and endurance (measured by 6MWD). We found out differences between groups only after 14-day off. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the usefulness of performing targeted physical activity in older adults. Resistance and proprioceptive training has shown an important role in the pre-vention of falls.

scholarly journals Effect of football boot upper padding on shooting accuracy and velocity performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine Okholm Kryger ◽  
Séan Mitchell ◽  
Diwei Zhou ◽  
Steph Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Test Setup ◽  
Reliable Test ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
University Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceived Velocity

AbstractFootball boots are marketed with a specific performance feature focus, for example, power boots are marketed for optimal shooting performance. However, little evidence exists on the impact of boot design on shooting performance. This study assessed the effect of upper padding on shooting velocity and accuracy using a test–retest reliable test setup. Nine university level football players performed a protocol of shooting to: (1) maximise velocity; and (2) maximise accuracy in football boots with and without upper padding (Poron Memory foam). The protocol was completed twice; the non-padded boot results were used for test–retest validation, while the non-padded versus padding results were used to investigate the effect of padding. Velocity was assessed through actual ball velocity, percentage of maximum velocity and perceived velocity. Accuracy was assessed through radial offset, vertical offset, horizontal offset, success (goal/no goal), zonal offset and perceived accuracy. No significant differences between boots were observed in the velocity measures for either velocity or accuracy focused shots. Significant differences between boots were observed in vertical offset for both accuracy (without padding mean ± standard deviation − 0.02 ± 1.05 m, with padding 0.28 ± 0.87 m, P = 0.029) and velocity (without padding 0.04 ± 1.33 m, with padding 0.38 ± 0.86 m, P = 0.042) focused shots resulting in more missed shots above the goal for the padded boot (without padding 41–43% missed, with padding 56–72% missed). These findings suggest the addition of upper padding has a negative impact on shooting accuracy while not impacting shooting velocity.

Effects of Exergaming Based Exercise on Urban Children’s Physical Activity Participation and Body Composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 992-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zan Gao ◽  
Ping Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Physical Activity Participation ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Background:Exergaming has been considered a fun solution to promoting a physically active lifestyle. This study examined the impact of an exergaming-based program on urban children’s physical activity participation, body composition and perceptions of the program.Methods:A sample of 185 children’s physical activity was measured in August 2009 (pretest), and percent body fat was used as index of body composition. Fourth graders were assigned to intervention group engaging in 30 minutes exergaming-based activities 3 times per week, while third and fifth graders were in comparison group. Measurements were repeated 9 months later (posttest). Interviews were conducted among 12 intervention children.Results:ANCOVA with repeated measures revealed a significant main effect for intervention, F(1, 179) = 10.69, P < .01. Specifically, intervention children had significantly greater increased physical activity levels than comparison children. Logistic regression for body composition indicated intervention children did not differ significantly in percent body fat change from comparison children, Chi square = 5.42, P = .14. Children interviewed reported positive attitudes toward the intervention.Conclusions:The implementation of exergaming-based program could have a significantly positive effect on children’s physical activity participation and attitudes. Meanwhile, long-term effect of the program on children’s body composition deserves further investigation.

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