Effects of marine oligomeric polyphenols on body composition and physical ability of elderly individuals with sarcopenia: a pilot study

[Purpose] We aimed to identify the effects of marine oligomeric polyphenol (MOP) intake in elderly individuals with sarcopenia.[Methods] Older adults (aged 65 years or older) were recruited based on the diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia and were randomly assigned to the MOP intake group (n=10) or the placebo (PBO) intake group (n=10). To determine the effect of MOP intake received for four weeks, the pre- and post-intake body composition (weight, skeletal muscle mass, and bone density) and senior fitness tests were assessed.[Results] Our results showed there were significant differences in the skeletal muscle mass (p =0.039), bone density (p =0.020), fat-free mass index (p =0.026), and 2.4 m up and go test (p =0.001) between pretest and post-test. There was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test and an interaction effect for the one-leg stand test (p =0.010 and p =0.049, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in body fat percentage, calf circumference, grip strength, or the chair rise test.[Conclusion] Some variables exhibited significant differences in the pre- and post-assessments, and there was an interaction effect for the one-leg stand. However, this was insufficient to prove the effectiveness of MOP intake in improving sarcopenia. Therefore, additional studies are essential to examine the effects of MOP intake and exercise intervention on the body composition and fitness of patients over a longer period.

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Body composition and energy intake — skeletal muscle mass is the strongest predictor of food intake in obese adolescents: The HEARTY trial

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0479 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 611-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Jameason D. Cameron ◽

Ronald J. Sigal ◽

Glen P. Kenny ◽

Angela S. Alberga ◽

Denis Prud’homme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Obese Adolescents

There has been renewed interest in examining the relationship between specific components of energy expenditure and the overall influence on energy intake (EI). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the strongest metabolic and anthropometric predictors of EI. It was hypothesized that resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skeletal muscle mass would be the strongest predictors of EI in a sample of overweight and obese adolescents. 304 post-pubertal adolescents (91 boys, 213 girls) aged 16.1 (±1.4) years with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex OR at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes risk factor were measured for body weight, RMR (kcal/day) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by magnetic resonance imaging (fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, fat mass (FM), and percentage body fat), and EI (kcal/day) using 3 day food records. Body weight, RMR, FFM, skeletal muscle mass, and FM were all significantly correlated with EI (p < 0.005). After adjusting the model for age, sex, height, and physical activity, only FFM (β = 21.9, p = 0.007) and skeletal muscle mass (β = 25.8, p = 0.02) remained as significant predictors of EI. FFM and skeletal muscle mass also predicted dietary protein and fat intake (p < 0.05), but not carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, with skeletal muscle mass being the best predictor of EI, our results support the hypothesis that the magnitude of the body’s lean tissue is related to absolute levels of EI in a sample of inactive adolescents with obesity.

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Combining Amino Acid and Vitamin D Supplementation with Exercise Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss in Participants with Low Muscle Mass

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v10n2p28 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Ha Cao Thi Thu ◽

Satoshi Kurose ◽

Yaeko Fukushima ◽

Nana Takao ◽

Natsuko Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Supplement Group

This study evaluated the impact of exercise training with amino acid and vitamin D supplementation on muscle and bone mass in participants with low muscle volume. Twenty-nine Japanese participants (56-84 years old) were enrolled and assigned into the supplement (n=15) and non-supplement (n=14) groups. All participants underwent a 6-month exercise program. Supplements and nutrition support were provided to the participants in the supplement group for 12 weeks. Body composition and whole bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The outcomes, including body composition, whole BMD, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), were evaluated twice: pre- and post-intervention. The SMI was 6.51(6.28; 7.14) and 5.58 (5.24; 6.05) (kg/m2) in men and women, respectively. The average SMI change was 0.13% (-0.05%; 0.31%) and 2.33% (-0.88%; 5.48%); [mean (lower; upper quartile)]. The average BMD loss in the non-supplement group was -2.78%, and the BMD increased in the supplement group by 4.34%; there was an absolute difference between the two groups (p<0.05). After the intervention, serum myostatin was changed (p=0.001, non-supplement>supplement), serum vitamin D was increased (p=0.03; supplement>non-supplement), and BMD was maintained (p=0.03, supplement>non-supplement). There was a significant difference in the serum myostatin level at baseline and at 6-month in the non-supplement group, with a mean difference of 483.78 ng/ml (p=0.01). There was no significant improvement in the total lean mass, and handgrip strength. Resistance exercise combined with an amino acid supplement affects muscle and bone mass in the short-term intervention.

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Appendicular skeletal muscle mass to truncal fat mass ratio as a new index for osteosarcopenic obesity syndrome in older adults: emphasizing the role of central obesity

10.21203/rs.2.22583/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lazuardhi Dwipa ◽

Rini Widiastuti ◽

Alif Bagus Rakhimullah ◽

Marcellinus Maharsidi ◽

Yuni Susanti Pratiwi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

Abstract Background The relationship between obesity and low bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults is still unclear. Most of the previous study did not account the factor of sarcopenia which is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass due to aging, and distribution of fat in obesity. Thus, this study was aimed to explore the correlation between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), total fat mass (FM), and truncal fat mass (TrFM) as well as indexes (ASMM/FM and ASMM/TrFM ratio) with BMD in older adults.Methods This was an analytic cross-sectional study. Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) were used to assess BMD and body composition, respectively. Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASMM) were used in the analysis to reflect sarcopenia, Fat Mass (FM) and Trunkal Fat Mass (TrFM) were used to reflect general and central obesity, respectively. All data were obtained from medical records of Geriatric Clinic of Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Indonesia from January 2014 to December 2018. The correlation between body compositions variable with BMD were analyzed using Spearman’s test. We also conducted a comparison analysis of body composition variables between low and normal BMD using Mann-Whitney test. Results A total of 112 subjects were enrolled in the study. ASMM and TrFM were positive (rs=0.517, p<0.001) and negative (rS=-0.22, p=0.02) correlated with BMD, respectively. FM were not correlated with BMD, rS=-0.113 (p=0.234). As indexes, ASMM/FM and ASMM/TrFM had positive correlation with BMD, rS=0.277 (p<0.001), and rS=0.391 (p<0.001), respectively. The ASMM, TrFM, and ASMM/TrFM ratio between normal and low BMD also significantly different (p<0.001), meanwhile FM were not (p=0.204).Conclusion ASMM and TrFM have a positive and negative correlation with BMD, respectively. ASMM/TrFM ratio as new sarcopenia-central obesity index has a positive correlation with BMD.

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P0960HOME BASED RESISTANCE EXERCISE PROGRAM AND SARCOPENIA IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: IT IS A USEFUL INTERVENTION?

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Vicent Esteve Simó ◽

Anna Junqué Jiménez ◽

Verónica Duarte Gallego ◽

Irati Tapia González ◽

Fátima Moreno Guzmán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Home Based

Abstract Background and Aims Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disorder associated with adverse outcomes including falls, physical disability and mortality particularly in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Currently, progressive resistance training exercise has been shown a proven method to treat and prevent sarcopenia. Nevertheless, these findings are poorly investigated in HD patients since exercise programs are not widespread. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of a home-based resistance exercise program (HBREP) on muscular strength, functional capacity and body composition in our hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria (EWGSOP2). Method A 12 weeks single-center prospective study. HD patients from our institution with EWGSOP2 sarcopenia diagnosis were enrolled in a HBREP. Demographical an anthropometrical data, main biochemical and nutritional parameters, hand grip (HG) muscular strength, functional capacity tests: Sit to stand to seat 5 (STS5); Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed (GS), as well as body composition determined by electrical bioimpedance (BIA) and sarcopenia severity were analized. Results 18 HD patients with sarcopenia (71.4% severe) were included (4 drop out).78.6% men. Mean age 74.7 years and 53.3 months on HD. The main etiologies of ESRD were the HBP (21.4%) and DM (14.3%). Globally, a significant improvement was observed at the end of the study in relation to muscular strength (HG 19.9±6.1 vs 22.2±7.1 kg, p 0.001) and functional capacity tests (STS5 21.9±10.3 vs 17.2±9.9 sec, p 0.001; SPPB (6.9±2.3 vs 9.1±2.5 score, p 0.001 and GS 0.8±0.1 vs 0.9±0.2 m/s, p 0.015). Likewise, higher total skeletal muscle mass (SMM, 14.3±2.8 vs 14.5±2.9 kg) and SMM index (SMM/height2, 5.5±0.7 vs 5.7±0.9 Kg/m2 ) were found at the end of the study, although these differences were not significant. Finally, 2 patients (14.8%) reverse the EWGSOP2 sarcopenia criteria and 3 (21.4%) enhanced their severe sarcopenia. No relevant changes regarding anthropometrical data, main biochemical and nutritional parameters or dialysis adequacy were observed at the end of the study. Conclusion A home-based resistance exercise program improves muscular strength, functional capacity and body composition in our sarcopenic hemodialysis patients. With our results, home-based resistance exercise programs should be considered a key point in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle mass reduction due to sarcopenia in these patients. Further studies are mandatory to confirm our encouraging results.

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The Appendicular Lean Mass Index Is a Suitable Surrogate for Muscle Mass in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (10) ◽

pp. 1863-1868

Author(s):

Ibrahim Duran ◽

Kyriakos Martakis ◽

Mirko Rehberg ◽

Christina Stark ◽

Anne Koy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Appendicular Lean Mass ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Level I

ABSTRACT Background Densitometrically measured lean body mass (LBM) is often used to quantify skeletal muscle mass in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Since LBM depends on the individual's height, the evaluation of $\frac{{{\rm{LBM}}}}{{heigh{t^2}}}\ $ (lean BMI) is often recommended. However, LBM includes not only skeletal muscle mass but also the mass of skin, internal organs, tendons, and other components. This limitation applies to a far lesser extent to the appendicular lean mass index (LMIapp). Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate skeletal muscle mass in children with CP using total lean BMI (LMItot) and LMIapp. Methods The present study was a monocentric retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data among children and adolescents with CP participating in a rehabilitation program. In total, 329 children with CP [148 females; Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) I, 32 children; GMFCS II, 73 children; GMFCS III, 133 children; GMFCS IV, 78 children; and GMFCS V, 13 children] were eligible for analysis. The mean age was 12.3 ± 2.75 y. Pediatric reference centiles for age-adjusted LMIapp were generated using data from NHANES 1999–2004. Low skeletal muscle mass was defined as a z score for DXA determined LMItot and LMIapp less than or equal to −2.0. Results The z scores for LMIapp were significantly lower than LMItot in children with CP, GMFCS levels II–V (P < 0.001), with the exception of GMFCS level I (P = 0.121), where no significant difference was found. The prevalence of low LMItot (16.1%; 95% CI: 16.1, 20.1%) was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the prevalence of LMIapp (42.2%; 95% CI: 36.9, 47.9%) in the study population. Conclusions The prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass in children with CP might be underestimated by LMItot. LMIapp is more suitable for the evaluation of skeletal muscle mass in children with CP.

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Body composition as a predictor of sunitinib toxicity in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e15566 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e15566-e15566

Author(s):

Samantha Cushen ◽

Aoife M Ryan ◽

MinYuen Teo ◽

Peter MacEneaney ◽

Patrick McLaughlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Renal Cell ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Cell Cancer ◽

Drug Dose ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Overweight Group

e15566 Background: Sunitinib is a standard first-line option for metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). Identification of biomarkers associated with outcome or toxicity is a challenge. Body composition is a prognostic factor in cancer and sarcopenia is associated with treatment toxicity and survival. We investigated if body composition by CT scan predicted dose limiting toxicity (DLT) from sunitinib in mRCC. Methods: Patients (pts) with mRCC receiving sunitinib 50mg as 1stline therapy between 2007-2012 were included. Ethical approval was obtained and prospectively maintained databases analysed. Skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at L3 was measured by CT. Sarcopenia was defined using published cut offs. Toxicity was assessed after 4 cycles of drug (CTCAE, v4.0). Results: 55 pts (43 male), mean age 64yrs (±10.6) were included. 67% were overweight/obese (BMI>25kg/m2). Sarcopenia was present in 33% (56% of normal BMI, 44% overweight group). Overall 40 pts (73%) experienced DLT (51% M, 100% F, p<0.016). DLT occurred in <6 months in 53% (44% M vs 83% F, p<0.016) and these pts were older (mean 68 yrs vs 60 yrs, p<0.01), had lower skeletal muscle mass (51.8 cm2/m2 vs 59.4 cm2/m2, p<0.012), and fat free mass (FFM) (51.4kg vs 57.7kg, p<0.03), and received higher drug dose in mg/kg FFM (1.01 vs 0.89, p<0.02). Common toxicities were GI (65%) and fatigue (47%). Of pts <25th percentile skeletal muscle mass 92% experienced DLT, higher than pts >75th percentile (p<0.05). Pts <25th percentile had an average of 5 toxicities vs 2 in those >75th percentile (p<0.003). All toxicities were more common in muscle wasted patients (p<0.05). 77% (n=10) of pts receiving a drug dose >75th percentile (1.105mg/FFM) experienced DLT in <6 months vs 44% (n=17) receiving a dose <75thpercentile (<1.099mg/FFM; p<0.037). Conclusions: Sarcopenia is prevalent in patients with mRCC, is easily measured, is an occult condition in pts with normal/high BMI, and is a significant predictor of DLT in pts receiving 1st line sunitinib. Our results highlight the potential use of baseline body composition to predict toxicity. The role of sarcopenia in targeted therapy is evolving and its potential to predict toxicity should be further studied.

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Body composition in the elderly: Reference values and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy to predict total body skeletal muscle mass

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2008.10.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 52-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Marja Tengvall ◽

Lars Ellegård ◽

Vibeke Malmros ◽

Niklas Bosaeus ◽

Lauren Lissner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Reference Values ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

The Elderly ◽

Total Body

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Intensive Sports Nutrition Program Improving Body Composition and Energy Intake among Elite Combat Sport Athletes

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v5i2.2021.127-132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Aprilia Kusumawardhani ◽

Farapti Farapti ◽

Mahmud Aditya Rifqi ◽

Sri Adiningsih

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Sport Nutrition ◽

Combat Sport ◽

Before And After

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang :Gizi olahraga merupakan aspek penting dalam mengatur asupan makanan dan komposisi tubuh untuk mencapai performa yang optimal. Studi epidemiologis menunjukkan sebagian besar asupan atlet tidak adekuat dan dapat mempengaruhi komposisi tubuh yang ideal.Tujuan :Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendampingan gizi olahraga terhadap komposisi tubuh dan asupan energi atlet bela diri.Metode :Pendampingan gizi intensif dilakukan selama empat bulan (Juni- September 2019). Pengukuran komposisi tubuh dilakukan 2 kali, yakni sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dengan menganalisis hasil pengukuran dari alat BIA (Bio Impadance Analyzer) tipe MBCA (Medical Body Compotiton Analyzer) 515/514 merk seca©. Variabel yang dianalisis diantaranya, total asupan kalori sehari diukur menggunakan instrumen Recall-24 jam, komposisi tubuh diukur dengan alat BIA yakni Fat Mass (FM), Fat Free Mass (FFM) dan Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM). Pendampingan gizi dilakukan oleh ahli gizi olahraga yang mengunjungi 24 responden setiap bulan dan memberikan materi pendidikan gizi, memberikan makanan sehat dan memberikan konseling permasalahan gizi atlet.Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan secara signifikan pada asupan energi total (1496,2±654,4 menjadi 1688,5±679,8, p= 0,002). Pada komposisi tubuh terjadi peningkatan pada FFM dan SMM yakni (56,57 ± 9,91 kg vs 57,01 ± 9,53, p = 0,032) dan (27,49 ± 5,58 vs 27,75 ± 5,31, p = 0,005) dan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam variabel FM.Kesimpulan : Kesimpulan dari percobaan ini adalah pendampingan gizi secara intensif dapat meningkatkan asupan energi total, FFM dan SMM pada atlet bela diri. Kata Kunci : Komposisi tubuh, pendampingan gizi, asupan energiABSTRACTBackground :Sports nutrition is very urgent to improve nutrition knowledge, dietary intake and body composition to achieve an optimum athletic performance. Epidemiological studies showed most athletes lack of getting adequate intake and maintaining an ideal body composition.Objective :This study aims to analyze the effect of sport nutrition education on body composition and energy intake among elite combat sport athletes.Methods :Intensive sport nutrition was conducted for four months June until September 2019. Body composition was assessed for 2 times, before and after intervention using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), with seca© brand 515/514 type of stainless steel electrodes.Measurement of energy intake with recall 24 hours before and after the intervention. The variables studied were Fat Mass (FM), Fat Free Mass (FFM), Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) and energy intake.The professional sport nutritionist and dietitians visited 24 subjects every month by teaching nutrition education, bringing the healthy food, and facilitating the counseling about sport nutrition.Result :Energy intake increased significantly (1496,2±654,4 to 1688,5±679,8, p= 0,002). FFM and SMM increased significantly pre to post (56.57±9.91 kg vs 57.01±9.53, p=0.032) and (27.49±5.58 vs 27.75±5.31, p=0.005) respectively, meanwhile no significant differences in FM variable.Conclusion : Our findings indicate that intensive sport nutritionimproved energy intake, FFM and SMM among elite combat sport athletes. Keywords : Body compotition, sport nutririon education, energy intake

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A Machine Learning Approach to Predict Body Composition in Advanced Cancer Patients.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-200977/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pablo Cresta Morgado ◽

Alfredo Navigante ◽

Adriana Pérez

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Variable Selection ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Smoothing Splines

Abstract BACKGROUND:Body composition and its changes affect cancer patient outcomes. Its determination requires specific and expensive devices. We designed a study to evaluate machine learning approaches to predict fat and skeletal muscle mass using daily practice clinical variables.METHODS:We designed a cross-sectional study in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients. Response variables were skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass, measured by bioimpedance analysis. Predictors were laboratory and anthropometric variables. Imputation methods were applied. Six approaches were analyzed: (1) multicollinearity analysis, best subset selection (BSS) and multiple linear regression; (2) multicollinearity, BSS and generalized additive models (GAM); (3) multicollinearity, lasso to perform variable selection and GAM; (4) ridge regression; (5) lasso regression; (6) random forest. Model selection was performed evaluating the Mean Squared Error calculated by leave-one-out cross-validation.RESULTS:We included 101 patients under chemotherapy treatment. For skeletal muscle mass, the best approach was the combination of multicollinearity analysis followed by BSS and GAM using smoothing splines with 6 variables (albumin, Hb, height, weight, sex, lymphocytes). The adjusted R2 was 0.895. The best approach for fat mass was multicollinearity analysis, variable selection by lasso, and GAM using smoothing splines with 3 variables (waist-hip ratio, weight, sex). The adjusted R2 was 0.917.CONCLUSION:We developed the first accurate predictive models for body composition in cancer patients applying daily practice clinical variables. This study shows that machine learning is a useful tool to apply in body composition. This is a starting point to evaluate these approaches in research and clinical practice.

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High skeletal muscle mass is associated with increased serum 25(OH)D levels in elderly

Zinc supplementation improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead ◽

10.18051/univmed.2017.v36.236-242 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 236

Author(s):

Verawati Sudarma ◽

Lukman Halim

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Anthropometric Measurements

Background Low vitamin D has been associated with various health problems. Aging influences body composition, especially body fat and fat-free mass. Anthropometric measurements, such as body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), waist circumference (WC) and the waist-height ratio (WHtR) represent body composition which many studies proposed will influence serum vitamin D [25(OH)D]. The objective of the present study was to determine which anthropometric measurements were determinants of 25(OH)D levels in elderly. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 126 elderly (>60 years old) men and women at Pusat Santunan Dalam Keluarga (PUSAKA) Central Jakarta centers. Anthropometric measurements [body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat (BF), and waist circumference (WC)] were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Omron body composition monitor with scales (HBF-375, Omron, Japan). Fasting blood samples were taken to measure 25(OH)D level by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results The data showed that BMI, BF, and WC were higher than recommended, while SMM and serum 25(OH)D were lower. When the analysis was done based on sex, there were significant differences in BF, SMM, WHtR, and serum 25(OH)D. In the linear regression multivariate analysis of log 25(OH)D with age and body anthropometric measurements, only SMM reached significance level (β=0.019; p=0.025). Conclusions This study demonstrated a positive association between skeletal muscle mass and serum levels of vitamin D in elderly.

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