scholarly journals DNA ISOLATION FROM HUMAN URINE STAIN AS AN ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL FOR PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION EXAMINATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yudianto ◽  
Yeti Eka Sispitasari
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Buccal Swab ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Alternative Material

Accurate determination of personal identity is crucial for an investigation since any inaccuracy may lead to fatal consequences in the judicial process. Identification through DNA analysis involves somatic chromosomes and mtDNA. Each part of the human body can be taken as a specimen since every nucleated cell in the body of an individual has identical DNA sequence. To date, samples for identification through DNA analysis are obtained from blood stains, semen stains, bones, vaginal swab, buccal swab etc. In certain cases, urine stains on the clothing have frequently been overlooked. So far, personal identification through DNA analysis by the use of urine stains has not been commonly carried out. The present study detected bands in the loci CSF1PO, THO1, TPOX and 106bp-112bp amelogenin in all samples visualized from the results of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with Polyacrylamid Agarose Gel Electrophoreses-silver staining for exposure durations of 1, 7 and 14 days. However, for exposure duration of 20 days (the maximum in the study), bands were only detected in the loci THO1 and TPOX in all samples (100%), whereas the loci CSF1PO and 50% amelogenin exhibited obvious bands. This indicated that DNA analysis of urine stains through detection of the locus STR CSF1PO, THO1, TPOX exhibited different detection responses for different exposure durations assigned to the samples of urine stain. Successful detection of these loci was supported by the differences in amplicon product and GC content at each locus. Of the loci studied, the ratio of GC content of the primers, sorted from the lowest, were as follows: locus CSF1PO of 42.6 1%, TPOX of 56.25%, and THO1 of 63.83%. In conclusion, the loci THO1 and TPOX had the same probability of success in the STR examination compared with the locus CSF1PO.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characterization of bilirubin-10-sulfonate and comparison of its acid–base behavior with unconjugated bilirubin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Čepa ◽  
Veronika Dejmková ◽  
Ladislav Lešetický ◽  
Ivan Jelínek ◽  
Stanislav Smrček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unconjugated Bilirubin ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Physico Chemical

AbstractUnconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is the end-product of heme catabolism in the intravascular compartment. Although beneficial for human health when mildly elevated in the body, when present at greater than a critical threshold concentration, UCB exerts toxic effects that are related to its physico-chemical properties, particularly affecting the central nervous system. The aim of the present study was to characterize bilirubin-10-sulfonate (ranarubin), a naturally occurring bile pigment, including determination of its mixed acidity constants (pKa*). Thanks to the presence of the sulfonic acid moiety, this compound is more polar compared to UCB, which might theoretically solve the problem with an accurate determination of the UCB pKa* values of its propionic acid carboxylic groups. Bilirubin-10-sulfonate was synthesized by modification of a previously described procedure; and its properties were studied by mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Determination of pKa* values of bilirubin-10-sulfonate and UCB was performed by capillary electrophoresis with low pigment concentrations in polar buffers. The identity of the synthesized bilirubin-10-sulfonate was confirmed by MS, and the pigment was further characterized by NMR, IR, and CD spectroscopy. The pKa values of carboxylic acid moieties of bilirubin-10-sulfonate were determined to be 5.02, whereas those of UCB were determined to be 9.01. The physico-chemical properties of bilirubin-10-sulfonate were partially characterized with low pKa* values compared to those of UCB, indicating that bilirubin-10-sulfonate cannot be used as a surrogate pigment for UCB chemical studies. In addition, using a different methodological approach, the pKa* values of UCB were found to be in a mildly alkaline region, confirming the conclusions of a recent critical re-evaluation of this specific issue.

The Frequency and Clinical Significance of Twin Gestations According to Zygosity and Chorionicity

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung A. Lee ◽  
Kyung Joon Oh ◽  
Seung Mi Lee ◽  
Ahm Kim ◽  
Jong Kwan Jun
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Dna Analyses ◽  
Mz Twins

Background:Although the clinical importance of chorionicity in twin pregnancies has been studied widely, the significance of perinatal determination of zygosity using molecular genetic analyses remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical significance of twin gestations according to zygosity and chorionicity in a Korean population.Methods:We enrolled 569 women who delivered twin newborns (> 24 weeks) at Seoul National University Hospital between 1999 and 2008. Chorionicity was established by histologic examination of placentae. Zygosity was determined with sex of neonates, chorionicity, and DNA analysis of umbilical cord blood.Results:The frequency of dizygotic (DZ) twins was 71.0% (404/569 pairs) based on the opposite sex (238/404 [58.9%]) and DNA analyses (166/404 [41.1%]); that of monozygotic (MZ) twins was 29.0% (165/569), including monochorionic (MC) (72.1% [119/165]) and dichorionic (DC) twins (27.9% [46/165]), which was confirmed by DNA analyses. Among spontaneously conceived twins, the frequency of MZ twins was more than twice that of DZ twins. The risk of low birth weight was 1.8-fold higher among MZDC twins and 1.9-fold higher among MZMC twins than among DZDC twins (p< .05). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred more frequently among MZMC twins than among DZDC twins (adjusted OR 8.42, 95% CI 1.82–39.08,p< .01). However, the frequencies of other neonatal morbidities were not significantly higher in the MZMC group than in the MZDC and DZDC groups. The perinatal mortality rate was 15 per 1000 total births in the DZDC twins, 20 per 1000 total births in the MZDC and 56 per 1000 total births in the MZMC (p< .01).Conclusions:Although monozygosity was shown to be a risk factor for perinatal death and accurate determination of zygosity plays a great role in the future consideration of organ transplantation and twin studies, the value of zygosity determination along with chorionicity in relation to overall neonatal morbidity was not definite.

Some Applications and Limitations of the Enzymic, Reducing (Somogyi), and Anthrone Methods for Estimating Sugars

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W Fales ◽  
Jane A Russell ◽  
John N Fain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
Zinc Hydroxide ◽  
Water Space ◽  
Clearance Test

Abstract The colorimetric glucose-oxidase and the Somogyi-Nelson reducing-sugar methods yield the same blood-glucose values when applied to carefully prepared zinc hydroxide filtrates of blood obtained from fasting individuals. The anthrone method yields values only slightly higher than those obtained by the enzymic and the reducing-sugar methods. Use of the enzymic method in conjunction with the reducing-sugar or the carbohydrate method allows the simultaneous accurate determination of other carbohydrates added to the blood, with only microquantities of blood being required for analysis. Possible applications include the galactose and fructose tolerance tests, the inulin clearance test, and the determination of the body water "space" of various carbohydrates. To allow valid glucose determinations by the enzymic method, glutathione, cysteine, and amylase substrates such as glycogen must be absent. The anthrone reaction with glucose is enhanced by chloride, bromide, and iodide. To eliminate interference of chloride with estimation of blood glucose, the samples must be diluted appropriately before analysis.

scholarly journals PROCEDURE FOR SEX DETERMINATION OF HUMAN SCAPULA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
A. A. Chertovskikh
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
Time Expenditures

The determination of sex drawing on the differences in certain dimensions of skeletal bones constitutes one of the main tasks of forensic medicine and osteology.Aim. To develop informative and reliable science-based diagnostic criteria for sex determination (as part of personal identification in forensic medicine) on the basis of a number of parameters associated with the scapula, drawing on statistically calculated formulae.Material and methods. The study included 108 corpses of people, who died aged 19 to 99 years in the Central region of Russia in 2016 from cardiovascular diseases, acute poisoning with ethanol and/or drugs, as well as from concomitant mechanical injuries to the body. Morphometric, osteometric and statistical methods of research were employed, along with a mathematical one when using a software package for the statistical analysis of the material.Results. New formulae have been obtained that allow sex to be determined on the basis of individual parameters associated with the scapula.Conclusion. The obtained data will help reliably reduce the number of osteometric studies, shifting focus to the collection of specific material, which will decrease economic and time expenditures on conducting the morphometric studies of bones in general, as well as dramatically increase the evidentiary significance of the examination in criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF INTRAVITAM BODY TYPE IN MEN DRAWING ON THE OSTEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SKELETONISED CLAVICLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
A. V. Smirnov ◽  
D. V. Sundukov
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
State University ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Diagnostic Models ◽  
Skeletal Samples

One of the major challenges faced by a forensic medical expert when performing the examination of bone remains for the purposes of personal identification is the determination of group characteristics, which include the person’s body type. The present study focuses on a new method for determining the intravitam body type when considering skeletonised remains.Aim. To develop diagnostic mathematico-statistical models that allow the intravitam body type in men to be determined, drawing on the osteometric characteristics of skeletonised clavicles.Material and methods. We studied clavicles from the osteological collection held at the Department of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University (62 adult male skeletons) according to the expanded osteometric program (15 characteristics). The obtained data were processed by StatSoft STATISTICA 10 using multivariate stepwise discriminant analysis (MDA).Results. We have developed diagnostic models allowing the intravitam body type (ectomorph, mesomorph and endomorph) to be determined on the basis of skeletonised clavicles with an accuracy of 62.9–79 %. Using the proposed models, a more accurate determination of ectomorphs and mesomorphs (90 %) than endomorphs (41–58.8 %) is observed. In order to increase the objectiveness of the expert’s conclusion, we used function Pl showing the probability of correct body type classification in every single case. The diagnostic models were successfully verified using the skeletal samples held at the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, with the maximum accuracy level reaching 80 %.

A quantitative approach to inner shell losses

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
D.F. Mayers
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Background Intensity ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Cross Section Differential ◽  
Bound Electrons

Microanalysis by EELS has been developing rapidly and though the general form of the spectrum is now understood there is a need to put the technique on a more quantitative basis (1,2). Certain aspects important for microanalysis include: (i) accurate determination of the partial cross sections, σx(α,ΔE) for core excitation when scattering lies inside collection angle a and energy range ΔE above the edge, (ii) behavior of the background intensity due to excitation of less strongly bound electrons, necessary for extrapolation beneath the signal of interest, (iii) departures from the simple hydrogenic K-edge seen in L and M losses, effecting σx and complicating microanalysis. Such problems might be approached empirically but here we describe how computation can elucidate the spectrum shape.The inelastic cross section differential with respect to energy transfer E and momentum transfer q for electrons of energy E0 and velocity v can be written as

Gender determination of caucasoid hair using image analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
T.B. Ball ◽  
W.M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences

It has been demonstrated that cross sections of bundles of hair can be effectively studied using image analysis. These studies can help to elucidate morphological differences of hair from one region of the body to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to use image analysis to determine whether morphological differences could be demonstrated between male and female human Caucasian terminal scalp hair.Hair samples were taken from the back of the head from 18 caucasoid males and 13 caucasoid females (Figs. 1-2). Bundles of 50 hairs were processed for cross-sectional examination and then analyzed using Prism Image Analysis software on a Macintosh llci computer. Twenty morphological parameters of size and shape were evaluated for each hair cross-section. The size parameters evaluated were area, convex area, perimeter, convex perimeter, length, breadth, fiber length, width, equivalent diameter, and inscribed radius. The shape parameters considered were formfactor, roundness, convexity, solidity, compactness, aspect ratio, elongation, curl, and fractal dimension.

Fast calibration of CBED patterns for quantitative analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
M.A. Gribelyuk ◽  
M. Rühle
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Transmitted Beam ◽  
Reciprocal Vector ◽  
On Line

A new method is suggested for the accurate determination of the incident beam direction K, crystal thickness t and the coordinates of the basic reciprocal lattice vectors V1 and V2 (Fig. 1) of the ZOLZ plans in pixels of the digitized 2-D CBED pattern. For a given structure model and some estimated values Vest and Kest of some point O in the CBED pattern a set of line scans AkBk is chosen so that all the scans are located within CBED disks.The points on line scans AkBk are conjugate to those on A0B0 since they are shifted by the reciprocal vector gk with respect to each other. As many conjugate scans are considered as CBED disks fall into the energy filtered region of the experimental pattern. Electron intensities of the transmitted beam I0 and diffracted beams Igk for all points on conjugate scans are found as a function of crystal thickness t on the basis of the full dynamical calculation.

Computer-Assisted High-Re Solution TEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
F.A. Ponce ◽  
H. Hikashi
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Astigmatism Correction

The determination of the atomic positions from HRTEM micrographs is only possible if the optical parameters are known to a certain accuracy, and reliable through-focus series are available to match the experimental images with calculated images of possible atomic models. The main limitation in interpreting images at the atomic level is the knowledge of the optical parameters such as beam alignment, astigmatism correction and defocus value. Under ordinary conditions, the uncertainty in these values is sufficiently large to prevent the accurate determination of the atomic positions. Therefore, in order to achieve the resolution power of the microscope (under 0.2nm) it is necessary to take extraordinary measures. The use of on line computers has been proposed [e.g.: 2-5] and used with certain amount of success.We have built a system that can perform operations in the range of one frame stored and analyzed per second. A schematic diagram of the system is shown in figure 1. A JEOL 4000EX microscope equipped with an external computer interface is directly linked to a SUN-3 computer. All electrical parameters in the microscope can be changed via this interface by the use of a set of commands. The image is received from a video camera. A commercial image processor improves the signal-to-noise ratio by recursively averaging with a time constant, usually set at 0.25 sec. The computer software is based on a multi-window system and is entirely mouse-driven. All operations can be performed by clicking the mouse on the appropiate windows and buttons. This capability leads to extreme friendliness, ease of operation, and high operator speeds. Image analysis can be done in various ways. Here, we have measured the image contrast and used it to optimize certain parameters. The system is designed to have instant access to: (a) x- and y- alignment coils, (b) x- and y- astigmatism correction coils, and (c) objective lens current. The algorithm is shown in figure 2. Figure 3 shows an example taken from a thin CdTe crystal. The image contrast is displayed for changing objective lens current (defocus value). The display is calibrated in angstroms. Images are stored on the disk and are accessible by clicking the data points in the graph. Some of the frame-store images are displayed in Fig. 4.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document