scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Actual Cost and INA CBG Rate in Diabetic Gangrene Inpatients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Diajeng Putri Kinanti ◽  
Umi Athiyah ◽  
Yunita Nita ◽  
Muhammad Noor Diansyah
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Actual Cost ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
Cost Of Disease ◽  
Diabetic Gangrene ◽  
The Difference ◽  
System Objective

Background: Diabetic gangrene is a complication of diabetes mellitus that imposes a substantial financial burden on patients and their families as well as the health care system. Objective: To determine the total cost of disease, and the difference between real cost and INA CBG rate for diabetic gangrene inpatients from January - December 2017 at Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively by using a total sampling method. The perspective used was the hospital perspective. This study's direct medical costs were laboratory, drug and consumable medical device costs, medical equipment rental, radiology examination, red cross, oxygen, service, and room costs. Data analysis was performed using an independent samples t-test. Results: The results showed that 148 patients met the inclusion criteria. The total real cost of diabetic gangrene inpatients at Universitas Airlangga Hospital in 2017 was IDR 1,339,949,381, and the total INA CBG rate for inpatients with diabetic gangrene was IDR 1,365,047,500. The difference was (p = 0.000) between real cost and INA CBG rate. Conclusion: There is a difference between the actual cost and the INA CBG rate for diabetic gangrene inpatients.

scholarly journals Comparing the Estimated and Actual Cost of Disposable Surgical Equipment

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vasudev ◽  
R Lowe ◽  
C Maxwell-Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Actual Cost ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
Surgical Equipment ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Financial Climate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Disposable Equipment

In the current financial climate the NHS faces budget cuts. A good knowledge of the costs of the equipment used in theatres will allow more cost-efficient allocation of resources. The equipment used is dependent on the consultant surgeon leading the operation, with individual surgeons having their own preferences. For the efficient running of a department one would assume that the surgeons would have a working knowledge of the cost of equipment. This study looked at the awareness of surgeons of the cost of disposable equipment. It aimed to highlight the difference between the estimated and actual cost of disposable items, providing feedback to the surgeons so they become more aware of the real cost of their choices in order to help optimise use of equipment. This will hopefully lead to more cost-effective theatres.

scholarly journals COST OF ILLNESS PASIEN KANKER PAYUDARA DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT PROF DR R.D KANDOU MANADO

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Fridly Manawan ◽  
Gunawan Pamudji Widodo ◽  
Tri Murti Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBreast cancer still became priority concern in developed country, but 69% the dead incident came from developing country. Many of them been diagnose at advance stage, that make treatment and cost more higly. The objectives of this study were to know the burden cost of breast cancer patient in Prof Dr Kandou Medical Center Manado based on hospital perspective, the difference between the real cost and the INA-CBG’s cost, and the key factors that might drive the burden of the real cost of breast cancer. The study was a pharmacoeconomics analys based on hospital perspective to direct medical cost, using non-experimental analysis with cross-sectional design. Data restropectively collect from breast cancer inpatient registered as member of National Health Insurance (JKN) during September 2017-August 2018 period and from financial department of Prof Dr Kandou Medical Center Manado. The sample was used 329 episode of treatment. the data being analyzed using one sample t-test to compare the congruence between the real cost and INA-CBG’s cost. Multivariat linear regression Analysis to find the various predictor factors that might affect on the real cost. The result of the study showed that the average of the real cost per episode of treatment in chemotherapy patient with C-14-3 code was Rp. 13.806.325, treatment in breast procedure with L-1-50 code was Rp. 24.306.626, and treatment for breast tumor with L-4-11 code was Rp. 11.989.772. The difference value between INA-CBG’s and the real cost was Rp. -668.973.281 for 183 breast cancer patient. The congruence value between the real cost and the INA-CBG’s cost generally significantly different except for C-4-13-II, L-1-50-III and L-4-11-I. Based on multivariat linier regression analysis, severity level, :LOS, and treatment care was the factors that affect the real cost. Keywords : Cost of illness, INA-CBG’s, Breast Cancer, Prof. Dr. R.D Kandou Medical Center Hospital Manado ABSTRAKKasus kanker payudara memang menjadi permasalahan penting di negara maju, namun 69% angka kematian terjadi di negara berkembang. Kebanyakan kasus kanker payudara ditemukan berada pada stadium lanjut, dimana menyebabkan upaya dan nilai biaya pengobatan semakin besar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui biaya terapi penyakit kanker payudara di RSUP Prof Dr Kandou Manado berdasarkan perspektif rumah sakit, mengetahui perbedaan antara tarif rumah sakit dengan tarif paket INA-CBGs pada perawatan pasien kanker payudara, dan mengetahui faktor apa saja yang berpengaruh terhadap besarnya biaya terapi penyakit kanker payudara. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis farmakoekonomi berdasarkan perspektif rumah sakit terhadap biaya medis langsung, berupa penelitian analitik noneksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Data diambil secara retrospektif dari pasien rawat inap kanker payudara peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) selama periode September 2017-Agustus 2018 dan dari bagian keuangan di RSUP Prof Kandou Manado. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 329 episode perawatan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan one sample t-test untuk membandingkan total biaya riil dengan tarif INA-CBGs. Analisis korelasi multivariat regresi linier untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi total biaya riil. Hasil penelitian pasien rawat inap peserta JKN di RSUP Prof Dr Kandou Manado periode September 2017 – Agustus 2018 menunjukkan rata-rata biaya riil pasien kemoterapi per episode perawatan dengan kode C-4-13 sebesar Rp. 13.806.325, tindakan pada payudara dengan kode L-1-50 sebesar Rp. 24.306.626 dan tumor payudara dengan kode L-4-11 sebesar Rp. 11.989.772. Selisih tarif INA-CBG’s dengan total biaya riil adalah sebesar Rp.-668.973.281 untuk total 183 pasien. Kesesuaian total biaya riil dengan tarif INA-CBG’s menggunakan one sample t-test secara umum berbeda bermakna, kecuali pada kode C-4-13-II, L-1-50-III dan L-4-11-I. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi multivariat regresi linier, Faktor tingkat keparahan, LOS dan kelas perawatan mempengaruhi total biaya riil. Kata kunci: Cost of illness, INA-CBG’s, Kanker payudara, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado

On Capital Allocation And The Real Cost Of Labour (Notes & Comments)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-499
Author(s):  
F. E. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Capital Allocation ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Industrial Wage ◽  
Two Sectors

This note is an extension of several contributions to the problem of re¬source allocation in a developing economy. In separate papers, I.M.D. Little and F. Seton* have introduced a model in which labour in a developing economy cannot be shifted from the subsistence to the industrial sector at zero opportunity cost, even though this labour displays zero marginal product in its 'traditional' occupations; and in what follows this problem will be attacked via a diagramma¬tic analysis. A short appendix will treat a side issue of the topic. As Little presented the model, there was an initial amount of capital K to be divided between two sectors, the I (industrial) sector, and the C (subsistence, traditional, or agricultural) sector. In the C-sector, there is excess labour or dis¬guised unemployment, in the sense of Professor W. A. Lewis2, in that the marginal product of labour in this sector is taken as equal to zero. As it happens, however, this labour cannot be moved to the I-Sector without an increase in production in the C-sector. The reason for this is because as labour is transferred to the industrial sector, consumption per head increases in the C-sector, thus decreasing the surplus available for workers being transferred to the I-sector. The transfer can only be carried out if a surplus equal to the difference between the industrial wage in C-goods and the amount of C-goods 'released' by the C-sector is forth¬coming, and for this an increased production of C-goods (via the input of capital into the C-sector) must take place. A similar situation would exist if transferring workers required a wage differential; or if C-goods had to be exported to obtain certain types of capital goods for the labour being reallocated, and/or housing, training, etc.

scholarly journals Influence of Tool Length and Profile Errors on the Inaccuracy of Cubic-Machining Test Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Zongze Li ◽  
Hiroki Ogata ◽  
Ryuta Sato ◽  
Keiichi Shirase ◽  
Shigehiko Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Machining Error ◽  
Tool Profile ◽  
Machining Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Side Error ◽  
Profile Errors ◽  
Five Axis

A cubic-machining test has been proposed to evaluate the geometric errors of rotary axes in five-axis machine tools using a 3 × 3 zone area in the same plane with different tool postures. However, as only the height deviation among the machining zones is detected by evaluating the test results, the machining test results are expected to be affected by some error parameters of tool sides, such as tool length and profile errors, and there is no research investigation on how the tool side error influences the cubic-machining test accuracy. In this study, machining inaccuracies caused by tool length and tool profile errors were investigated. The machining error caused by tool length error was formulated, and an intentional tool length error was introduced in the simulations and actual machining tests. As a result, the formulated and simulated influence of tool length error agreed with the actual machining results. Moreover, it was confirmed that the difference between the simulation result and the actual machining result can be explained by the influence of the tool profile error. This indicates that the accuracy of the cubic-machining test is directly affected by tool side errors.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Space–Time Effect of a Double-Pipe Frozen Curtain Formation with Different Groundwater Velocities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3830
Author(s):  
Shicheng Sun ◽  
Chuanxin Rong ◽  
Hua Cheng ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Xiaogang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Physical Model Test ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Groundwater Velocity ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Freezing Test ◽  
Double Pipe ◽  
Thermal Physical Properties

Groundwater velocity has significant effects on the formation of a frozen curtain during freezing. In order to study the influence of the velocity on a frozen curtain, a large physical model test platform was established for double-pipe freezing. Based on this platform, freezing tests for different velocities were carried out. Quartz sand was selected as a similar material. The freezing temperature of the saturated sand layer was found by analyzing the results of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Based on the study of the thermal physical properties of the sand layer, the freezing test results were analyzed, and the results showed that the flow led to the differential development of the temperature between the upstream and downstream sections of the freezing pipes. Moreover, the larger the velocity, the greater the difference. The flow prolonged the overlapping time of the frozen curtains. Additionally, the flow slowed down the development of the frozen curtain area and the frozen curtain thickness. The larger the flow velocity, the greater the inhibition of the flow on the development of the frozen curtain. The test results can provide more references for the design and construction of freezing engineering with flowing groundwater.

Influence of Collagen Status on Microstructures of Porous Collagen/TCP Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
Chao Zou ◽  
Wen Jian Weng ◽  
Xu Liang Deng ◽  
Kui Cheng ◽  
Pi Yi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Collagen Matrices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Porous Composites ◽  
Better Than

Two starting collagens, sponge and floc collagen, were used to prepare collagen/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) composites. The resulting composites were porous and had 200μm pore size. However, there was a difference in the microstructure of the pore walls for the composites derived from the two collagens, the pore walls in sponge collagen/TCP composite were still porous and had 200 nm micropores size, TCP particles were trapped in collagen matrices. While floc collagen/TCP composite had smooth and dense walls in which TCP particles were embedded. The difference could be attributed to the starting collagen with different status. Sponge collagen has a soft structure, which easily becomes disassembled fibrils during alkali treatment, the disassembled fibrils are integrated again to form a dense morphology for pore walls after freeze-drying. While floc collagen has already a low disassembly degree, the alkali treatment could not be able to separate the fibrils, this remains as micropores in pore walls after freeze-drying. Both porous composites are significant in bone tissue engineering or regeneration. MTT test results showed the two composites had good cytocompatibility, and sponge collagen/TCP composite was somewhat better than floc collagen/TCP composite, which could result from that micropores derived roughness in pore walls of sponge collagen/TCP composite is suitable for cell growth.

Reply to comments of D. H. Zeuch

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1959-1960
Author(s):  
Hu Gengxiang ◽  
Chen Shipu ◽  
Wu Xiaohua ◽  
Chen Xiaofu
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Compression Testing ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Specimen Length ◽  
The Difference

Compression test results of our research on Al3Ti-base alloys are reported. It is evident that the specimen length-to-width ratio we used for compression testing can significantly reflect the difference in ductility of different alloys. Thus the tests fulfilled the aim of our present research.

Two important bridges protected from earthquake by extremely big sliding pendulum isolators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Marioni ◽  
Roberto Dalpedri ◽  
Marco Banfi ◽  
Carla Cai
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Surface Type ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Padma River ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Under Construction

<p>The Padma Bridge is a multipurpose road-rail bridge across the Padma River currently under construction in Bangladesh and is one of the most important projects in the whole south east Asia with a total length of 6150 m. The maximum design vertical load reaches 98725 kN.</p><p>The Holtekamp Bridge is a steel road bridge with 2 main spans of 150 m and 2 lateral spans of 75 for a total length of 450 m. The bridge is isolated by use of sliding pendulum isolators having a maximum vertical load capacity at ULS of 54915 kN.</p><p>In both cases the isolators are double sliding surface type but with a different approach about the central articulation. The paper aims to put in evidence the difference in behaviour of the 2 types of pendulum, analysing both the theoretical approach and the test results with a special focus over the adopted solution for perform the test on a device which exceed the capacity of aby existing laboratory.</p>

Moving to e-bidding

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoen San Santoso ◽  
Nuttapon Bourpanus
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thai Government ◽  
Infrastructure Project ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Public Money ◽  
Mean Differences

Purpose This study aims to examine the influences of shifting the bidding system of Thai public infrastructure projects from e-auction to e-bidding. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was conducted with owners or senior managers with direct responsibility in deciding the mark-up of 72 small and medium-sized contractor firms. Five senior professionals were interviewed to provide insights into and to strengthen the discussion of the findings. The Wilcoxon test was applied to analyze the difference in the importance of the factors between e-auction and e-bidding. Findings The results revealed a shift in the importance of the factors, from those related to the financial aspects in the e-auction to the situational aspects in the e-bidding. The comparison test results also suggested that the majority of factors become significantly less important in the e-bidding system, with “identity of competitors” and “general expense of the bidding process” having the most apparent mean differences. The interview results supported by data on winning prices and estimations strongly indicated that bid collusions likely exist in the e-auction. By shifting to e-bidding, the data also show that the Thai Government can save public money in its infrastructure project development. Originality/value The study provides an analysis from the perspectives of contractor firms on how e-auction and e-bidding options influence bid mark-up decisions. Many studies have focused on the issues and advantages provided by the e-procurement mainly from the owner (government)’s perspective but how the change influences the contractor’s attitude has been less explored.

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