scholarly journals HYDROLOGICAL ASPECT OF BATANG ALAI WEIR WATERSHED DUE TO LAND USE CHANGES INTO MINING AREAS

CERUCUK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Achmad Surian Nur ◽  
M. Azhari Noor
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Daily Discharge

The policy of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources that provides permits for mining production activities for PT. MCM in the Batang Alai River area has an impact on the hydrology of the area. This study will discuss the changes in land use in the Batang Alai River area, Batang Alai Timur District, Hulu Sungai Tengah to the aspects of high flow and low flow hydrology.          The research method used is manual calculation with rational methods for high flow hydrology and calculations using the ArcSWAT 2012.10.1.18 for low flow hydrology. The data needed in the processing are rainfall data, DEM data, daily discharge data, climatology data, land use data, land use change data, and Batang Alai watershed data.          The results of the study were that the ratio of peak discharge of land use was changed to the mining area and land use was not converted into a mining area for high flow hydrology calculations. There is an increase in plan flood discharge in the Batang Alai River if there is a change in land use into a mining area, the design flood discharge always increases in each period. Whereas for low flow hydrology is the comparison between the daily use of land use converted into a mining area and land use is not converted into a mining area, then the daily discharge results are calculated for the availability of water. The results of low-flow hydrological modeling are categorized as good and have high influence based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency value grouping and the coefficient of determination, and water availability decreases if land use is converted into a mining area.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal aspects of high streamflow periods within the Danube drainage basin in Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-22
Author(s):  
Kalin SEYMENOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Daily Discharge ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Positive Correlations

High flow events are the main prerequisites for floods with negative social and environmental consequences. Their study under uncertain and changing climate gives informative knowledge for further management decisions. This paper seeks to analyze the spatio-temporal parameters of high flow periods within the Danube drainage basin in Bulgaria. Three characteristics of the hazard phenomena: time of occurring, frequency and duration are investigated. The analysis is based on daily discharge data collected from 20 gauging stations for the period 2000–2005. The surplus water quantities are identified by the Threshold level method using fixed values – Q25 and Q5, derived from the flow duration curve. Results show a concentration of the high flow periods during the spring hydrological season, with an average duration up to six weeks. The calculations establish positive correlations between the duration of high flow, the altitude of catchments, and the density of drainage network. The resulting information can serve as a support for the development of preliminary flood risk assessments in the Danube River Basin.

scholarly journals Geospatial Modelling of Watershed Peak Flood Discharge in Selangor, Malaysia

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Cheah ◽  
Lawal Billa ◽  
Andy Chan ◽  
Fang Yenn Teo ◽  
Biswajeet Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Geospatial Modelling ◽  
Peak Flood

Conservative peak flood discharge estimation methods such as the rational method do not take into account the soil infiltration of the precipitation, thus leading to inaccurate estimations of peak discharges during storm events. The accuracy of estimated peak flood discharge is crucial in designing a drainage system that has the capacity to channel runoffs during a storm event, especially cloudbursts and in the analysis of flood prevention and mitigation. The aim of this study was to model the peak flood discharges of each sub-watershed in Selangor using a geographic information system (GIS). The geospatial modelling integrated the watershed terrain model, the developed Soil Conservation Service Curve Cumber (SCS-CN) and precipitation to develop an equation for estimation of peak flood discharge. Hydrological Engineering Center-Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS) was used again to simulate the rainfall-runoff based on the Clark-unit hydrograph to validate the modelled estimation of peak flood discharge. The estimated peak flood discharge showed a coefficient of determination, r2 of 0.9445, when compared with the runoff simulation of the Clark-unit hydrograph. Both the results of the geospatial modelling and the developed equation suggest that the peak flood discharge of a sub-watershed during a storm event has a positive relationship with the watershed area, precipitation and Curve Number (CN), which takes into account the soil bulk density and land-use of the studied area, Selangor in Malaysia. The findings of the study present a comparable and holistic approach to the estimation of peak flood discharge in a watershed which can be in the absence of a hydrodynamic simulation model.

Impact of the Cascaded Reservoirs and the Tributaries Confluence on the Eco-Hydrology of the Reserve in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 1953-1960
Author(s):  
Li Zhao ◽  
Qi Dong Peng ◽  
Qu Chang Chen ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Zheng Jie Yin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Minjiang River ◽  
River Confluence ◽  
Gauge Station ◽  
Daily Discharge ◽  
Cascaded Reservoirs

For studying the impacts of the tributaries confluence on the hydrological processes in the downstream reaches of the four cascaded reservoirs in the downstream of Jinshajiang River, this paper simulated the daily discharge at the outlet of the cascaded reservoirs and along the reserve mainstream in typical years with the operation programming of the reserve and MIKE11 hydrodynamic model, and eco-hydrology indicators were selected and calculated by IHA to quantify the hydrology process. The result showed that at Xiangjiaba Gauge Station discharge on April and May increased by about 100%, the discharge in low flow year decreased by 50% and the timing of annual 1-day minimum discharge has significantly alteration. The confluence of Minjiang River could effectively mitigate the impacts of the cascaded reservoirs on eco-hydrology of the downstream of the confluence, but the mitigation of others three tributaries were not significant. Moreover the pre-flood high flow in the downstream of the Minjiang River confluence increased by 50%, and other indicators alteration were not significant.

Analyzing the Impacts of Urbanization on Watershed Streamflow Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qining Shen ◽  
Zhentao Cong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Flow Frequency

<p>It is widely recognized that urbanization has a significant impact on streamflow characteristics. However, the influences of economic development, increasing population and positioning of urban development on streamflow regimes is still not fully understood. This study aims to clarify these influences by analyzing 134 catchments in China and 1064 catchments in the United State. Urbanization metrics were derived from gridded GDP dataset, gridded population dataset and land use/land cover datasets, while the streamflow characteristics were calculated using annual streamflow and mean daily discharge data. The statistical analysis indicated that the rate of change in rainfall-runoff ratio is positively related to the growth rate of GDP and urban area both in China and the U.S., but this relationship was not found in population growth rate. Increasing the extent of urbanized area increased high and low flow frequency in Kansas metropolitan region as well as San Antonio metropolitan region, while reduced low flow frequency in Atlanta metropolitan region. In addition, urban expansion also enhanced streamflow flashiness. Compared to down-stream development, up-stream development increased high flow volume in Atlanta metropolitan region and Kansas metropolitan region, while decreased high flow volume in San Antonio metropolitan region and low flow volume in all study metropolitan regions. The findings in this study provide a sight for future researches in hydrological variation due to urbanization.</p>

scholarly journals Hydrological modeling of Upper Ribb watershed, Abbay Basin, Ethiopia.

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Forested Areas

<p>Hydrological modeling of a watershed is necessary for water resources planning and management. The hydrology of upper Ribb watershed has been analyzed using spatially semi-distributed Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model. This study aimed to determine the water balance components and its relation with the rainfall which reaches to the surface of the earth. Different spatio-temporal (land use, soil, digital elevation model, climate data, river discharge) data were used for hydrological modelling of Upper Ribb watershed. The applicability of SWAT model in Upper Ribb watershed has been evaluated using coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash Sutcliff efficiency (NSE) parameters. The calibration results revealed the observed data showed a very good agreement with the simulated data with the R2 and NSE values of 0.90 and 0.84 respectively. Similarly, the validation results of streamflow were acceptable with the R2 and NSE values of 0.80 and 0.82 respectively. The monthly average streamflow from Upper Ribb watershed were found 13.39 m3/s. The major portion of the rainfall contributes to the surface runoff due to the major percentage of the watershed is covered with agricultural lands. The groundwater flow was high in forested areas, while evapotranspiration was found very high in water bodies (Ribb reservoir). In this study area the rainfall showed a direct relationship with the streamflow. The ratio of streamflow and evapotranspiration with rainfall was 0.61 and 0.36 respectively. Due to the presence of high amount of surface runoff and evapotranspiration the deep recharge which contributes to the ground water is not that much significant.</p>

scholarly journals ECODRAINAGE SYSTEM EVALUATION AND CONTROL OF FLOODS IN JOMBANG DISTRICT, EAST JAVA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Sri Rahmawati ◽  
Anita Rahmawati ◽  
Azizah Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Return Period ◽  
System Evaluation ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Design Rainfall ◽  
And Control ◽  
Green Land

Jombang sub-district is the most densely populated sub-district because it is located in the middle of Jombang district and is also the center of government. Because it is a densely populated area, resulting in many changes in land use, green land for absorption has turned into a watertight area. The results of the analysis from this aspect indicate that several channels in Jombang District are not able to accommodate the design flood discharge. The calculation of the height of rain design in this study used the Log Person type III method with a return period of 5 years, which resulted in the design rainfall of 157 mm. The results of the analysis show that there are 8 channels out of 74 that are unable to accommodate the design flood discharge. After planning the infiltration wells, a different number was obtained for each road. For Jalan Sentot Prawirodirjo, there are 8 infiltration wells with a reduction power of 51.62%.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Perkiraan Debit Banjir Rancangan Menggunakan Data Hujan dan Debit di DAS Kaliwadas Kab. Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S. Samatan
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Flood Discharge

Design flood discharge is one of the important parameters in the management of water resources, especially water resources utilization structures and water damage control structures. This parameter serves to determine the dimensions and capacity of the planned water structures. As an important reference, this design flood discharge must be carefully determined so that the planned building is effective and financially functional and economically efficient. This study aims to determine the design flood discharge using rainfall data which will be recommended as a reference for the design of a micro-hydro power plant building in Kaliwadas River, Pekalongan Regency, Central Java Province. The results of the analysis based on rainfall data are compared with estimates using discharge data to determine deviations resulting from the use of rainfall data. Frequency analysis is applied to both types of rainfall and maximum daily discharge data. Chi-Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were performed to test four distribution methods: Normal, Normal Log, Pearson Log III and Gumbel. Transformation of design rainfall into design discharge is done using the Snyder Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Method, by first optimizing the hydrograph parameter. The analysis shows that the design flood discharge using rainfall data is relatively lower than using discharge data with an average deviation of more than 15%. This deviation is expected to occur when the transformation of rainfall into discharge is influenced by various very complex parameters, especially changes in land cover and rainfall distribution that have not been fully accommodated. However, for watersheds with very limited discharge data, the use of rain data can be an option for establishing a design flood discharge.

scholarly journals Influence of calculation criteria on the values of low-flow recession constants in a non-homogenous catchment in Slovenia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudija Sapač ◽  
Simon Rusjan ◽  
Mojca Šraj
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Initial Discharge ◽  
Recession Curve ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Daily Discharge ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we analyse the influence of three different calculation criteria on the values of low-flow recession constants, namely the influence of the calculation method, recession curve segment length (4, 5, 6, or 7 days) and of the selected period (whole period, monthly, seasonally) for the calculation of the initial discharge, which determines the threshold on the falling limb of the hydrograph for the recession analysis. The analysis is based on daily discharge data of 11 gauging stations in the hydrogeologically non-homogenous Ljubljanica River catchment. For each of the stations, we calculated 24 values of recession constants using a different combination of criteria. Based on these values we determined the influence of each criterion on the final result using statistical tests and graphical approaches. Analysis showed that the recession constants calculated using various methods are statistically significantly different for all gauging stations. The recession constants obtained using the individual recession segment method (IRS) are on average 3.1 days higher than those calculated using the master recession curve method (MRC). The influence of the other two criteria, namely the length of the segment and the period for calculating the initial discharge, is not so obvious, since it is most likely conditioned by catchments’ characteristics influencing the time dynamics of the runoff.

scholarly journals Can We Calibrate a Daily Time-Step Hydrological Model Using Monthly Time-Step Discharge Data?

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soham Adla ◽  
Shivam Tripathi ◽  
Markus Disse
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Monthly Data

Hydrological models are generally calibrated at longer time-steps (monthly, seasonal, or annual) than their computational time-step (daily), because of better calibration performance, lower computational requirements, and the lack of reliable temporally-fine observed discharge data (particularly in developing countries). The consequences of having different calibration and computation time-steps on model performance have not been extensively investigated. This study uses the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to explore the correctness of calibrating a hydrological model at the monthly time-step even if the problem statement is suited to monthly modeling. Multiple SWAT models were set up for an agricultural watershed in the Indo-Gangetic basin. The models were calibrated with observed discharge data of different time-steps (daily and monthly) and were validated on data with the same or different time-steps. Intra- and inter-decadal comparisons were conducted to reinforce the results. The models calibrated on monthly data marginally outperformed the models calibrated on daily data when validated on monthly data, in terms of P- f a c t o r , R- f a c t o r , the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency ( N S E ). However, the monthly-calibrated models performed poorly as compared to daily-calibrated models when validated on daily discharge data. Moreover, the daily simulations from the monthly-calibrated models were unrealistic. Analysis of the calibrated parameters revealed that the daily- and monthly-calibrated models differed significantly in terms of parameters governing channel and groundwater processes. Thus, though the monthly-calibrated model captures the patterns in monthly discharge data fairly well, it fails to characterize daily rainfall-runoff processes. The results challenge the existing practice of using different calibration and computation time-steps in hydrological modeling, and suggest that the two time-steps should be the same, irrespective of the time-step required for modeling.

Biogeochemical Asynchrony: Ecosystem Drivers of Seasonal Concentration Regimes across the Great Lakes Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Van Meter ◽  
Nandita Basu ◽  
Danyka Byrnes
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Stream Metabolism ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

&lt;p&gt;Changes in seasonal climate regimes, and related changes in seasonal nutrient dynamics, are occurring across a range of climates and land use types. Although it is known that seasonal patterns in nutrient availability are key drivers of both stream metabolism and eutrophication, there has been little success in developing a comprehensive understanding of seasonal variations in nutrient export across watersheds or of the relationship between nutrient seasonality and watershed characteristics. In the present study, we have used concentration and discharge data from more than 200 stations across US and Canadian watersheds to identify (1) archetypal seasonal concentration regimes for nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total phosphorus, and (2) dominant watershed controls on these regimes across a gradient of climate, land use, and topography. Our analysis shows that less impacted watersheds, with more forested and wetland area, most commonly exhibit concentration regimes that are in phase with discharge, with concentration lows occurring during summer low-flow periods. Agricultural watersheds also commonly exhibit in-phase behavior, though the seasonality is usually muted compared to that seen in less impacted areas. With increasing urban area, however, nutrient concentrations frequently become essentially aseasonal or even exhibit clearly out-of-phase behavior. In addition, our data indicate that seasonal SRP concentration patterns may be strongly influenced by proximal controls such as the presence of dams and reservoirs. In all, these results suggest that human activity is significantly altering nutrient concentration regimes, with large potential consequences for both in-stream metabolism and eutrophication risk in downstream water bodies.&lt;/p&gt;

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