scholarly journals Estimasi Daya Dukung Mass Balance terhadap Efluen Tambak di Desa Sebamban Baru Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan (Estimation Mass Balance carrying capacity of the effluent pond in the village of Sebamban Baru Tanah Bumbu regency of South Kalimantan Province)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Fatmawati Fatmawati ◽  
K Soewardi ◽  
T Kusumastanto ◽  
L Adrianto
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Mass Balance Models ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Aquaculture Area ◽  
The Village

The purpose of this study was to estimate the carrying capacity of coastal waters of the pond effluent. The data required for analysis of mass balance models of carrying capacity is based on the total ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in coastal waters. Estimation of carrying capacity with the concept mass balance model using the formula Tchobanoglous (1990) and Predalumpaburt (1996) in Tookwinas (1998) which has been modified by including the formula Widigdo and Pariwono (2001). Carrying capacity of coastal waters of Sebamban Baru Village, Tanah Bumbu Regency maximum pond area calculation may be developed for aquaculture area of 412,583 hectares, this shows that the concentration of ammonia released by the pond has not been an impact on the quality of coastal waters because the existing pond area is new opened an area of 368.542 ha has not exceeded the carrying capacity of the mass balance.

scholarly journals Simple improvement of digested sludge quality: is postaeration the key?

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642
Author(s):  
M. Vojtiskova ◽  
B. Satkova ◽  
J. Bindzar ◽  
P. Jenicek
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
Sludge Dewaterability ◽  
Few Data

Abstract Postaeration, where digested sludge is introduced into aerobic conditions, is a technology that could improve the quality of sludge and sludge liquor in many ways. Although it is a fairly simple process, only few data about the effect of postaeration have been published. In this study, batch experiments have been performed first, indicating that postaeration affects the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and sludge dewaterability. In the removal of TAN, both stripping and biological oxidation can play an important role depending on specific condition. Then the postaeration was investigated in a semicontinuous batch reactor. In addition, the effect of postaeration on the concentration of selected micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, EOX and AOX was studied. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8, 6, 4 and 2 days and different aeration intensities were tested. The TAN removal efficiency achieved was about 40–60%, sludge dewaterability expressed by sludge cake total solids (TS) concentration after dewatering improved relatively by 5–30%. In addition, TS degradation is also taking place and therefore the reduction of the amount of final sludge to be disposed could be even higher. The biggest changes in observed parameters were recorded at the longest HRT.

Understanding monsoon controls on the energy- and mass-balance of glaciers in High Mountain Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Fugger ◽  
Evan Miles ◽  
Michael McCarthy ◽  
Catriona Fyffe ◽  
Marin Kneib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Mass Balance Models ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Study Sites

<p>The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) shapes the melt and accumulation patterns of glaciers in large parts of High Mountain Asia (HMA) in complex ways due to the interaction of persistent cloud-cover, large temperature amplitudes, high atmospheric water content and high precipitation rates. While the ISM dominates in the southern and eastern regions, it progressively loses influence westward towards the Karakoram, where the influence of westerlies is predominant. Previous applications of energy- and mass-balance models for glaciers in HMA have been limited to single study sites (in Khumbu, Langtang and Parlung) and a few attempted to link model results to large-scale weather patterns. While these studies have helped to understand the energy- and mass-balance of glaciers in HMA under specific local climates, a regional perspective is still missing. In this study, we use a full energy- and mass-balance model together  with eight on-glacier AWS datasets around HMA to investigate how ISM conditions influence glacier-surface energy and mass balance. In particular, we look at how debris-covered and debris-free glaciers respond differently to the ISM, validating our results against independent in-situ measurements. This work is fundamental to the development of parameterizations of glacier melt for long-term hydrological studies and to the understanding of the present and future HMA cryosphere and water budget evolution.</p>

scholarly journals Milk Protein Concentration Using Negatively Charged Ultrafiltration Membranes

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhiram Arunkumar ◽  
Mark Etzel
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membranes ◽  
Milk Protein Concentrate ◽  
Mass Balance Models ◽  
Charged Membranes ◽  
Charged Ultrafiltration Membranes

In this work, milk protein concentrate (MPC) was made using wide-pore negatively charged ultrafiltration membranes. The charged membranes were used for a six-fold volume concentration of skim milk and subsequent diafiltration to mimic the industrial MPC process. The charged 100 kDa membranes had at least a four-fold higher permeate flux at the same protein recovery as unmodified 30 kDa membranes, which are currently used in the dairy industry to make MPC. By placing a negative charge on the surface of an ultrafiltration membrane, the negatively charged proteins were rejected by electrostatic repulsion and not simply size-based sieving. Mass balance models of concentration and diafiltration were developed and the calculations matched the experimental observations. This is the first study to use wide-pore charged tangential-flow membranes for MPC manufacturing. Additionally, a unique mass balance model was applied, which accurately predicted experimental results.

Organic matter reduction using four densities of seaweed (Gracilaria verucosa) and green mussel (Perna viridis) to improve water quality for aquaculture in Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Lestari L. Widowati ◽  
S. Budi Prayitno ◽  
Sri Rejeki ◽  
Tita Elfitasari ◽  
Pujiono W. Purnomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

The high organic waste content of river water in Demak, north coast of Java, has caused traditional small-scale pond farmers to stop stocking shrimp. This paper examines whether seaweed and mussel will improve the quality of water these farmers use. The effect of Gracilaria verucosa and Perna viridis on the water quality was assessed by measuring the removal rates (RRs) of total organic material (TOM), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, and nitrate. The specific growth rates (SGRs) of seaweed and mussel were also measured. Thirty-six semi-outdoor tanks containing 800 L of brackish water and 7 cm substrate were randomly assigned to four replications of four densities of G. verucosa: 50 (S50), 100 (S100), 150 (S150), and 200 (S200) g m−2, and of P. viridis: 60 (M60), 90 (M90), 120 (M120), and 150 (M150) g m−2. Weekly, the TOM, TAN, nitrite, and nitrate contents were measured, seaweed and mussel weighted; RRs and SGRs were calculated at the end of the study. The effect of densities on the RRs was significant for both seaweed and mussel. P. viridis was more effective in reducing TOM (by 38%) than G. verucosa (7%); G. verucosa achieved higher RRs for TAN, nitrite, and nitrate. At S200, TOM and TAN decreased by 7.4% and 67%, respectively. At M90, TOM and TAN, decreased by 38% and 49%, respectively. However, nitrite increased significantly at S200 and M150. The SGR of seaweed was significantly lower at S200 than that at S150, S100, and S50. The best performing densities were S100 and M90.

A Preliminary Study of Ecopath with Ecosim to the Shrimp Pond Ecosystem

2011 ◽  
Vol 88-89 ◽  
pp. 423-426
Author(s):  
Tian Wen Zhang ◽  
Yue Peng Su ◽  
Shen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Ecopath With Ecosim ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Shrimp Ponds ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Mass Balance Models ◽  
Pond Ecosystem ◽  
Preliminary Study

Marine aquaculture is an important growing worldwide industry. An ecosystem approach to study the effects of aquaculture on shrimp ponds was implemented by using a trophic mass-balance model in order to estimate the potential effects of aquaculture and, therefore, to identify the species playing a key-role in ecosystem. Furthermore, the use of mass-balance models can provide important information to improve shrimp culture.

Nutrient Variability Following Dairy Manure Storage Agitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio A Aguirre-Villegas ◽  
Mahmoud A Sharara ◽  
Rebecca A Larson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Nutrient Variability ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The nutrient profile in stored manure can be highly variable due to the solids building up at the bottom of the storage over time as unagitated manure is removed. This variability can lead to under- or over-application of nutrients potentially reducing crop yields or increasing nutrient losses, respectively. Agitation of stored manure is a common practice to re-suspend solids providing a more uniform nutrient consistency for application. This study explores the solids and nutrient variability in stored dairy manure after agitation and the relationship between the number of samples and the quality of the nutrient content estimate. A total of 16 dairy facilities across Wisconsin were sampled in the study. Samples were taken during agitation and analyzed for total solids (TS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and microminerals. Overall, TKN, TAN, and TP contents were more uniform than TS. The mean concentrations (wet basis) from the 16 farms range from 2.45% to 15.28% for TS, 0.17% to 0.53% for TKN, 0.01% to 0.33 for TAN, 0.02 to 0.06 for TP, and 0.11% to 0.31% for TK. This range is mostly attributed to the between-farms variability in manure nutrient content. In addition, 54% of the total variation in the TS content was attributable to within-farm sample variability. These results show that TS was variable on farms whereas TKN, TAN, and TP were variable between farms. A random resampling analysis showed that three samples generate a mean between 20% to 30% of the true experimental mean for TKN and TAN whereas nine samples are required to be in this range for TP. Results show that the improvement achieved by adding more samples than 11 is less than 10%. Keywords: Dairy manure, Manure agitation, Nutrients, Nutrient variability, Sample size.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Relationships between Bacterial Dynamics and Water Quality of Aquaculture Systems Supplemented with Carbon Source and Biofilm Substratum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2168
Author(s):  
Er-Meng Yu ◽  
Zhen-Chi Li ◽  
Zhi-Fei Li ◽  
Guang-Jun Wang ◽  
Yun Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Bacterial Dynamics ◽  
Total Ammonia

Aquaculture is crucial for achieving the FAO’s goal of a world without hunger and malnutrition. Recently, biofilm substratum has been proposed as an effective means to control waste pollution caused by excessive nutrient inputs from aquaculture, but key bacterial communities involved in the remediation remain unclear. Here we reported a freshwater mesocosm study where the addition of biofilm substrata with external carbon effectively controlled the total ammonia nitrogen and improved fish growth. 16S rRNA study and Weighted UniFrac analysis revealed that bacterial compositions were significantly different (999 permutations, p-value < 0.01) between the biofilm-substrata-added and biofilm-substrata-free systems. Planctomycetes were found, as key bacteria benefited from the biofilm substrata addition and exerted the major function of ammonia nitrogen control. Our study demonstrated that the addition of biofilm substrata and an external carbon source favored fish growth and improved the aquaculture environment by the formation of a unique bacteria community.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KESESUAIAN PERAIRAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA IKAN DALAM KERAMBA JARING APUNG DI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA BARAT PROVINSI MALUKU

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Andi Akhmad Mustafa ◽  
Tarunamulia Tarunamulia ◽  
Hasnawi Hasnawi ◽  
I Nyoman Radiarta
Keyword(s):  
Linear Combination ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Weighted Linear Combination ◽  
Tidal Current Velocity ◽  
Net Cage

Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat (MTB) memiliki potensi untuk pengembangan budidaya ikan dalam keramba jaring apung (KJA), tetapi belum tersedia data karakteristik perairannya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesesuaian dan daya dukung perairan berdasarkan karakteristik perairannya untuk budidaya ikan dalam KJA di kawasan pesisir Kabupaten MTB Provinsi Maluku, Indonesia. Data karakteristik perairan yang dikumpulkan berupa pasang surut, kecepatan dan arah arus, kedalaman, kecerahan, suhu, salinitas, oksigen terlarut, pH, nitrat, nitrit, nitrogen amonia total, fosfat, padatan tersuspensi total, dan bahan organik total air, serta jenis substrat dasar. Kesesuaian perairan ditentukan melalui analisis dengan weighted linear combination dalam sistem informasi geografis (SIG) dan luasan daya dukung perairan untuk budidaya ikan dalam KJA didasarkan pada referensi yang telah ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum karakteristik perairan Kecamatan Tanimbar Utara, Wuarlabobar, dan Selaru, Kabupaten MTB dapat mendukung kegiatan budidaya ikan dalam KJA, namun kedalaman perairan yang relatif dangkal yang menjadi faktor pembatas dalam kesesuaian perairan untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan dalam KJA. Dari 67.287,84 ha kawasan pesisir yang diteliti di Kabupaten MTB dijumpai yang tergolong sangat sesuai seluas 1.564,43 ha; cukup sesuai seluas 10,687,78 ha; kurang sesuai sesuai 2.103,92 ha; dan tidak sesuai seluas 52.931,71 ha untuk budidaya ikan dalam KJA. Di kawasan pesisir Kecamatan Tanimbar Utara, Wuarlabobar, dan Selaru dapat dilakukan budidaya ikan dalam KJA dengan daya dukung perairan masing-masing seluas 363, 292, dan 570 ha yang dapat digunakan untuk masing-masing 5.445; 4.380; dan 8.550 unit KJA ukuran 8 m x 8 m.Maluku Tenggara Barat District has potential waters for the development of floating net cage mariculture. However, the characteristics and quality of the waters have not been well studied. This study was aimed to assess the suitability and carrying capacity of coastal waters of Maluku Tenggara Barat based on the requirements of net cage mariculture. The measured waters characteristics included tidal, current velocity (speed and direction), water depth, transparency, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, total ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, total suspended solids, and total organic matter as well as bottom substrate types. The weighted linear combination (WLC) method in geographic information system (GIS) was used to determine the level of waters suitability and carrying capacity to support floating net cage mariculture operation. The WLC criteria used were based on the existing standard environmental criteria. The results showed that the coastal waters of Tanimbar Utara, Wuarlabobar, and Selaru sub-districts were suitable for fish culture in floating net cage. Nevertheless, the relatively shallow water depth in the study area was identified as the primary limiting factor of suitability. Of the total of the coastal areas studied (67,287.84 ha), 1,564.43 ha; 10,687.78 ha; 2,103.92 ha; and 52,931.71 ha were respectively categorized as very suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable for fish culture in floating net cage. The carrying capacity of the coastal waters of Tanimbar Utara, Wuarlabobar and Selaru sub-districts were estimated able to support 5,445; 4,380; and 8,550 floating net cage units sized 8 m x 8 m distributed in total farm areas of 363, 292, and 570 ha, respectively.

scholarly journals Air temperature variability over three glaciers in the Ortles–Cevedale (Italian Alps): effects of glacier fragmentation, comparison of calculation methods, and impacts on mass balance modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1129-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Carturan ◽  
F. Cazorzi ◽  
F. De Blasi ◽  
G. Dalla Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mass Balance Models

Abstract. Glacier mass balance models rely on accurate spatial calculation of input data, in particular air temperature. Lower temperatures (the so-called glacier cooling effect) and lower temperature variability (the so-called glacier damping effect) generally occur over glaciers compared to ambient conditions. These effects, which depend on the geometric characteristics of glaciers and display a high spatial and temporal variability, have been mostly investigated on medium to large glaciers so far, while observations on smaller ice bodies (< 0.5 km2) are scarce. Using a data set from eight on-glacier and four off-glacier weather stations, collected in the summers of 2010 and 2011, we analyzed the air temperature variability and wind regime over three different glaciers in the Ortles–Cevedale. The magnitude of the cooling effect and the occurrence of katabatic boundary layer (KBL) processes showed remarkable differences among the three ice bodies, suggesting the likely existence of important reinforcing mechanisms during glacier decay and fragmentation. The methods proposed by Greuell and Böhm (1998) and Shea and Moore (2010) for calculating on-glacier temperature from off-glacier data did not fully reproduce our observations. Among them, the more physically based procedure of Greuell and Böhm (1998) provided the best overall results where the KBL prevails, but it was not effective elsewhere (i.e., on smaller ice bodies and close to the glacier margins). The accuracy of air temperature estimations strongly impacted the results from a mass balance model which was applied to the three investigated glaciers. Most importantly, even small temperature deviations caused distortions in parameter calibration, thus compromising the model generalizability.

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