scholarly journals UTILIZATION SPENT BLEACHING EARTH AS A FILLER OF MATERIAL CONSTRUCTION

INFO-TEKNIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Yusnimar Yusnimar ◽  
J. N. Rahman ◽  
P. Ningendah
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bleaching Earth ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is a waste from cooking oil industry. It is categorized as one of the hazardous and toxic materials, because oil residues in it. Generally, SBE is overcome by landfill and it’s sometimes become problems. Basically SBE contains SiO2 and the size of the grain is very fine, almost the same as the fine aggregate of sand used for making brick. In this study, the making of brick used SBE with several variations (2.75% - 27.52%) of the total raw materials used. Brick making methods are based on SNI 03-0348-1989 for raw material ratio, SNI 03-0348-1989 for molding and presshing, SNI 03-6825-2002 for drying and curing. The brick quality was determined based on fineness modulus parameters, dry weight, brick absorption to water and compressive strength. Brick contain SBE 2.75% was produced with molding size of 15cm x 30cm x 9cm, it has an average dry weight of 7.80 kg, compressive strength of 8.95 MPa and absorbing power of 1.26%.

Effect of Raw Material Ratios on the Compressive Strength of Chang Jiang Iron Ore Gangues Aerated Concrete Block

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Wen Hua Xu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Wei Jun Ren ◽  
Jin Yi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Aluminum Powder ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Aerated Concrete

The present study was to investigate the production of aerated concrete block from ChangJiang iron ore gangues. Analyze Quartz Sand, cement, CaO and gangue’s ratio’s influence on the aerated concrete block’s compressive strength, and then determine the optimum ratio. The results shows that gangue, quartz sand, cement, CaO, gypsum, aluminum powder, additive’s optimum ratio is 60.11%，8.26%，15.03%, 14.07%, 2%, 0.06% and 0.07% the dry weight of raw materials. Obtain the strongest compressive strength with the ratio 0.59:1 for water and raw materials. Adding iron gangues into aerated concrete block can turn wastes into treasures, which is originally done by us.

MgO Influence on the Fundamental Characteristics of Corundum Refractory Castables

2016 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Nevřivová
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Corundum Refractory ◽  
Refractory Castables ◽  
Dense Refractory ◽  
Materials Used

The paper focuses on the determination of how periclase content in the raw material influences the final properties of no-cement refractory castables. The motivation for this research was the continued pressure on increasing the utility properties of refractory castables, especially their corrosion resistance. The influence of MgO was observed in vibration-compacted refractory castables; the mixtures were made so that the consistency of each one was the same. There were only minimal differences in the water content of the mixtures. The mineral composition of the raw materials used in the manufacturing of the refractory castables was determined and the influence of the firing temperature on their compressive strength, flexural strength, apparent porosity, mineralogy and pore structure was described. The corrosion resistance was determined by means of the crucible test according to CSN P CEN/TS 15418 (726022) Method of test for dense refractory products – Guidelines for testing the corrosion resistance of refractories caused by liquids.

scholarly journals Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sarika ◽  
Paul Nancarrow ◽  
Abdulrahman Khansaheb ◽  
Taleb Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

Research on Simulation Test of Coal Similar Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 850-851 ◽  
pp. 847-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chao Dai
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio

In order to study the coal and gas outburst similar simulation experiment, coal similar material was made up based on the similarity theory. Based on the previous similar material study, the cement, sand, water, activated carbon and coal powder was selected as the raw material of similar material. Meanwhile similar material matching program with 5 factors and 6 levels was designed by using Uniform Design Method. And the physical and mechanical properties of the similar material compressive strength was measured under different proportions circumstances. The relationship between similar material and the raw materials was analyzed. The results show that choosing different materials can compound different similar materials with different requirements. And the water-cement ratio plays a decisive influence on the compressive strength of similar material. The compressive strength of similar material decreases linearly when the water-cement ratio increases.

scholarly journals Incorporation of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as an alternative raw material for red ceramic

Cerâmica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (351) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. P. Faria ◽  
J. N. F. Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

The sugarcane industry generates huge amounts of sugarcane bagasse ashes (SCBA). This work investigates the incorporation of a SCBA waste as an alternative raw material into a clay body, replacing natural clay material by up to 20 wt.%. Clay ceramic pieces were produced by uniaxial pressing and fired at temperatures varying from 700 to 1100 ºC. The technological properties of the clay ceramic pieces (linear shrinkage, apparent density, water absorption, and tensile strength) as function of the firing temperature and waste addition are investigated. The phase evolution during firing was followed by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the SCBA waste could be incorporated into red ceramics (bricks and roofing tiles) in partial replacement for natural clay material. These results confirm the feasibility of valorisation of SCBA waste to produce red ceramic. This use of SCBA can also contribute greatly to reducing the environmental problems of the sugarcane industry, and also save the sources of natural raw materials used in the ceramic industry.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH FLY ASH DARI PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA PADA PEMBUATAN SEMEN PCC (PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT) DI PT SEMEN XYZ LAMPUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Septiyana Sari ◽  
◽  
Susanti Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This study discusses the use of fly ash waste from coal burning on the manufacture of PCC (Portland composite cement) at PT. XYZ Lampung. The purpose of this research is to look at the technical studies and the efficiency of raw materials in the use of fly ash in cement making, in this case PCC cement (Portland Composite Cement). The steps taken in analyzing the data in this study were viewed from a technical aspect by means of a physical test, namely the cement compressive strength test at the age of 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days using the Compression Testing Machine. This test was conducted to see the comparison of the compressive strength of PCC cement using limestone and fly ash as raw materials, then calculate the difference in raw material costs in the year before and after the replacement of limestone with fly ash. The results showed that cement with the addition of fly ash after 3 days, 7 days and 28 days had an increased compressive strength value, which increased 21.69%, 16.07% and 8.05% respectively of the compressive strength of cement using limestone. The use of fly ash as a substitute for limestone has an effect on the cost of raw materials, where the difference between the cost of raw materials in 2019 and the cost of raw materials in 2018 is Rp. 39,440,952,074.

scholarly journals AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO RECYCLE 3D PRINTING CONCRETE SCRAP

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
D.A. Tolypin ◽  
N. Tolypina
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Control Samples

the article proposes a rational method for processing 3D printing concrete scrap using vibration equipment, which allows obtaining a multicomponent building material with minimal electricity consumption. As a crite-rion for the degree of grinding of concrete scrap, it is proposed to use the specific surface area of the finely dispersed part of concrete scrap, which should correspond to 400-500 m2/kg. The possibility of reusing the resulting product instead of the traditional fine aggregate of quartz sand is shown. It was found that the con-crete scrap without the addition of Portland cement hardens, reaching up to 48% of the compressive strength of the control samples by 28 days. When 10% of the binder CEM I 42.5 N was added to the concrete scrap processing product, the compressive strength of fine-grained concrete increased by 106.6%, and 20% of Portland cement - by 112.2 %, compared to the strength of control samples of a similar composition on tra-ditional quartz sand after 28 days of hardening. It is noted that this is primarily due to the weak contact zone of quartz sand and the cement matrix of concrete. The use of the product of processing concrete scrap al-lows obtaining building composites based on it with the complete exclusion of natural raw materials

Petrography

2016 ◽  
pp. 232-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Degryse ◽  
Dennis Braekmans
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
Fabric Analysis ◽  
Trade And Exchange ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ceramic Petrography ◽  
Material Provenance

Petrography has developed into an indispensable tool for ceramic fabric analysis, specifically studying the mineralogical and textural composition of ceramic objects. Petrography is a technique commonly used in geology to describe and classify rocks. Ceramic petrography studies clay-based archaeological or historical materials. Using a polarizing light microscope (PLM) in ceramic studies, the different raw materials used to make a ceramic object can be identified, ranging from clays and other minerals to rock fragments and inorganic or organic temper. The technique moreover feeds into the study of raw material provenance and origin, and is able to discern the different technological procedures followed to make the ceramic object (from shaping to firing), next to providing clues on the function of the object. This information not only helps reconstruct trade and exchange of raw materials and ceramics, but aids in reconstructing society behind the pot.

Fabrication and Properties of Panicum repens Reinforced Cement

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Varinthorn Boonyaroj ◽  
Sirichai Saramanus
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Panicum Repens ◽  
Reinforced Cement ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Scanning Electron

This research aims to fabrication and evaluation the properties of cement reinforcement made from Panicumrepens. The research is divided into two parts are as follows; to determined the optimal ratio selection, and to compare the properties of Panicumrepens reinforced cement, and without grasses by using the optimal ratio. The raw materials used in this research were cut in length of 2.0-2.5 cm. In this research was determined the properties of Panicumrepens reinforced cement in terms of bulk density, water absorption, and compressive strength. The influence of fibers soaked with 5% of sodium hydroxide concentration was also conducted in this research. The surface structure and chemical characteristics of fibers used to produce reinforced cement were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS), respectively. Moreover, relationships of information collected from this research were concerned. Furthermore, the addition of Panicumrepens fibers could improve the flexural strength of composite materials.

Use of Septic Tank Sludge as Raw Material in the Manufacture of Bricks

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 921-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Del Pilar Durante Ingunza ◽  
Andressa Dantas Lima ◽  
Andre Luis Calado Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Technical Feasibility

The present paper analyzes the feasibility of using septic tank sludge subsequently treated in an anaerobic pond as raw material in the ceramic industry. An experiment was conducted involving the manufacture of 500 bricks using 6.5% (dry weight) of sludge at a ceramic plant in the Northeast of Brazil. To reproduce the methodologies, the same conditions and methods used by the local ceramic industry were adopted. To evaluate the bricks produced and environmental risk, compressive strength, water absorption and lixiviation tests were carried out, obeying current Brazilian norms, according to international standards. Results show the technical feasibility of using sludge as raw material in the red ceramic industry, highlighting the firing temperature of the bricks as a determinant variable. Moisture content of the sludge-clay mixture emerges as limiting factor in the manufacturing process. The moisture value determined as acceptable in the study was 22%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document