Pengembangan Potensi Ekstrak Belut (Monopterus albus) dalam Menangkal Radikal Bebas

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Havizur Rahman ◽  
Putri Maya Sari ◽  
Fitrianingsih Fitrianingsih ◽  
Ai Kurniati ◽  
Fitri Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meat Sample ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Monopterus Albus ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Albumin Content

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antioksidan dari ekstrak belut (Monopterus albus) yang hidup di perairan provinsi jambi. Radikal bebas cenderung menimbulkan reaksi berantai yang apabila terjadi di dalam tubuh akan dapat menimbulkan kerusakan sel yang berlanjut dan terus menerus terutama pada penyakit kronis seperti diabetes, hipertensi dan hiperkolesterol. Pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan seyawa antioksidan, salah satunya asam amino. Di dalam al-Quran disebutkan bahwa bangkai yang halal untuk dimakan adalah ikan dan belalang. Belut merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang memiliki kandungan albumin yang tinggi. Sampel daging belut yang telah difillet dan dipisahkan dari kepalanya, dipotong kecil-kecil dengan ukuran 1,5 cm2 dan dibalut dengan kain tipis dalam sebuah mangkuk, lalu dikukus, dipress, dan disentrifus.  diambil fase air dan minyak dan dibuang pengotornya dengan cara disaring, lalu dikeringkan menggunakan freeze drying sehingga diperoleh ekstrak belut dalam bentuk serbuk. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Radical Scavenging method menggunakan senyawa kimia DPPH (2,2- difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil). Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa nilai IC50 ekstrak belut sebesar 29,0816 ppm. Ekstrak belut memiliki potensi menangkal radikal bebas dengan aktifitas kuat. Kata Kunci: Ektstrak Belut, Monopterus albus, Penangkal Radikal Bebas This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of eel (Monopterus albus) extracts that live in the waters of the province of Jambi. Free radicals tend to cause chain reactions that occur in the body and will cause ongoing and continuous cell damage, especially in chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Prevention can be done by providing antioxidants, one of which is amino acids. In the Koran, it is stated that the carcasses that are lawful to eat are fish and grasshoppers. Eel is a type of fish that has a high albumin content. The eel meat sample that has been filled and given from its head, is cut into small pieces with a size of 1.5 cm2 and wrapped in a thin cloth in a container, then steamed, pressed, and centrifuged. the air and oil phases are taken and the impurities are removed by filtering, then they are dried using freeze drying in order to obtain the eel extract in powder form. The method used in this study is the Radical Scavenging Method using the chemical compound DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil). From the research results it was found that the IC50 value of eel extract was 29.0816 ppm. Eel extract has the potential to ward off free radicals with strong activity.

Investigating Benzene and Metabolite Mediated Alterations in Nrf2 Signaling in Murine Fetal Liver Cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Lam
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Additional Cell ◽  
Other Substances

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood, where the body produces an overabundance of immature white blood cells. It is the most common childhood cancer and possibly originates from chemical exposure during fetal development. Understanding the molecular mechanism and causes of childhood leukemia will help the development of therapeutic and preventative strategies to reduce and treat occurrences of this cancer. Benzene is a non-polar aromatic ring that has been confirmed to cause leukemia in adults. Benzene metabolites can generate free radicals that could potentially be involved in the development of childhood leukemia through in utero exposures. It is found in tobacco smoke, gasoline, industrial solvents and many other substances. Pregnant mothers can be chronically exposed to these substances through daily activities. In order to help determine the mechanism of benzene toxicity, a study was performed to determine the presence of free radicals in the livers of fetal mice at gestation day 14. Fetal liver cell cultures were exposed to varying concentrations of benzene and additional cell cultures were exposed to various concentrations of a benzene metabolite mixture, composed of hydroquinone and benzoquinone. RNA was extracted from these cells and converted into complementary DNA. cDNA was then used in quantitative polymerase chain reactions to analyze a set of genes that are regulated by an antioxidant pathway. This pathway can be activated in response to oxidative stress, and a change in gene expression would indicate the presence of benzene or benzene metabolite toxicity in the liver at gestation day 14.

scholarly journals Free Radical–Mediated Cell Damage After Experimental Status Epilepticus in Hippocampal Slice Cultures

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2909-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kovács ◽  
Sebastian Schuchmann ◽  
Siegrun Gabriel ◽  
Oliver Kann ◽  
Julianna Kardos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Hippocampal Slice ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Mitochondrial Depolarization ◽  
Hippocampal Slice Cultures

Generation of free radicals may have a key role in the nerve cell damage induced by prolonged or frequently recurring convulsions (status epilepticus). Mitochondrial function may also be altered due to production of free radicals during seizures. We therefore studied changes in field potentials (fp) together with measurements of extracellular, intracellular, and intramitochondrial calcium concentration ([Ca2+]e, [Ca2+]i, and [Ca2+]m, respectively), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), NAD(P)H auto-fluorescence, and dihydroethidium (HEt) fluorescence in hippocampal slice cultures by means of simultaneous electrophysiological and microfluorimetric measurements. As reported previously, each seizure-like event (SLE) resulted in mitochondrial depolarization associated with a delayed rise in oxidation of HEt to ethidum, presumably indicating ROS production. We show here that repeated SLEs led to a decline in intracellular and intramitochondrial Ca2+ signals despite unaltered Ca2+ influx. Also, mitochondrial depolarization and the NAD(P)H signal became smaller during recurring SLEs. By contrast, the ethidium fluorescence rises remained constant or even increased from SLE to SLE. After about 15 SLEs, activity changed to continuous afterdischarges with steady depolarization of mitochondrial membranes. Staining with a cell death marker, propidium iodide, indicated widespread cell damage after 2 h of recurring SLEs. The free radical scavenger, α-tocopherol, protected the slice cultures against this damage and also reduced the ongoing impairment of NAD(P)H production. These findings suggest involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of mitochondrial origin in the epileptic cell damage and that free radical scavenging may prevent status epilepticus–induced cell loss.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Kandungan Metabolit Sekunder dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak n-Heksana Kulit Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima Merr.).

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Oriana Jawa La ◽  
Repining Tiyas Sawiji ◽  
Ni Made Rai Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Grapefruit Peel ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Capture Method ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Degenerative diseases triggered by antioxidants in the body are unable to neutralize the increased concentration of free radicals that can cause cell damage, so to destroy free radicals it is necessary to have antioxidants from outside the body. Grapefruit peel (Citrus Maxima Merr) is one plant that is known to have a lot of secondary metabolite content however it is not fully utilized. To analyze the content of chemical compounds and the antioxidant effect of n-hexane extract of Grapefruit peel (Citrus Maxima Merr.). Identification of chemical compounds was carried out by phytochemical screening and confirmed by the analysis of the extract thin layer chromatography profile, whereas the antioxidant activity test was carried out using the radical capture method of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with Trolox as a comparison. The results of the identification of Grapefruit peel (Citrus Maxima Merr) extracts is containing secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids/steroids, and tannins. The results of antioxidant activity test extracts of grapefruit peel(Citrus Maxima Merr) and Trolox each showed values that: IC50 111.69 ppm and 12.143 ppm. From the results of this test, the extract of grapefruit peel (Citrus Maxima Merr) has moderate antioxidant activity when compared to Trolox.

scholarly journals Scavenging of Free Radicals Generated in Biological Tissues Exposed to Ionizing Radiation Using Silver Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
pp. 2257-2265
Author(s):  
Asia H. Al-Mashhadani ◽  
Omar Salah Ashour
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Electrical Explosion ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Before And After

Humans are exposed to nuclear radiations every day, and these radiations are both natural and artificial. When the body tissues are exposed to nuclear radiation, free radicals are formed, which are responsible for cancer development. In this research, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by electrical explosion wire method. Nanoparticles were added to deionized water that contained free radicals before and after exposure to gamma rays. The obtained results indicate that the silver nanoparticles have antioxidant potential through possessing free radical scavenging activity, as they can donate electron to free radicals and become neutralize. Then, these nanoparticles were injected to mice before and after their irradiation with gamma ray. The liver and kidney of the mice were shown to be unaffected by gamma irradiation.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Drug Design: Historical and Recent Developments

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-56
Author(s):  
Melford C. Egbujor ◽  
Samuel A. Egu ◽  
Vivian I. Okonkwo ◽  
Alifa D. Jacob ◽  
Pius I. Egwuatu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
Recent Developments

The sustained interest in the design of potent antioxidants drugs over the years can be attributed to the indispensable roles antioxidants play in the mitigation of oxidative stress and its concomitant diseases. The high demand for exogenous antioxidants has been ascribed to the prevalence of oxidative stress-mediated diseases such as cancer, diabetes, stroke, cell aging, arteriosclerosis and central nervous system disorders occasioned by a biochemical disequilibrium between the production of free radicals and the body’s ability to eliminate these reactive species from the biological system. COVID-19 severity and death have been linked to a free radical generating process known as the cytokine storm. In an attempt to maintain optimal body function, antioxidant supplementation has increasingly become a wide spread practice because of antioxidants’ ability to directly scavenge free radicals, inhibit oxidative chain reactions thereby increasing the antioxidant defenses of the body. Recent data showed that researchers had made significant efforts to demonstrate the importance and timeliness of antioxidant therapy based on drug design from natural and synthetic sources. Therefore this review presents antioxidant drug design methodologies, identifying the lead and hits to provide a historical and up-to-date collection of research briefs on antioxidant drug design into a single piece in order to ensure easy accessibility, motivate readership and inspire future researches.

scholarly journals The Effect of Purple Sweet Potato Extract on The Circulating Endothelial Cell (CEC) levels in Rat Model of Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Emilia Puspita Sari ◽  
Edi Junaidi ◽  
Heni Fatmawati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Impaired Metabolism ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins are characterized by hiperglycemia caused by insufficiency of insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of death in Indonesia, especially in developing countries. Most (90%) classified as type 2 diabetes mellitus and 10% of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In DM, increased oxidative stres. DM oxidative stres due to the increase of free radicals in the body. Oxidative stres can lead to irreversible endothelial injury that would lead to the loss of endothelial cells characterized by the expression of CD 146. Ipomoea batatas L. anthocyanin-containing compound is an antioxidant that can reduce free radicals and reduce oxidative cell damage caused by free radicals. From the analysis of the data obtained Ipomoea batatas L. mempuyai influence on the content of the CEC of 42.5%.

scholarly journals Comparative Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic extracts of Whole Plant and Leaf Callus of Mollugo oppsitifolia L. A Potent Traditional Medicinal Herb

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Anju G Nagannawar ◽  
M. Jayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
The Body ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Dietary Plants

Natural products from dietary components such as Indian species and medicinal plants are known to possess antioxidant activity. Antioxidants are inhibitors of oxidation are compounds which prevent the oxidation and in general prolong the life of the oxidizable matter. Majority of the diseases/disorders are mainly linked to oxidative stress due to free radicals. The free radicals (oxidants) are species with very short half-life, high reactivity and damaging activity towards macromolecules like proteins, DNA and lipids. In general, the reactive oxygen species circulating and react with the electron of other molecules in the body and these also affect various enzyme systems and cause damage which may further contribute to conditions such as cancer, ischemia, ageing, adult respiratory distress syndromes, rheumatoid arthritis etc. Dietary plants contain variable amounts of antioxidants. It has been proved that plant antioxidants may contribute to the beneficial health effects of dietary plants. The present study was to evaluate antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of iv vivo whole plant and in vitro leaf callus of Mollugo oppositifolia L. is an important traditional medicinal herb belonging to the family Molluginaceae using 2,2-diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. The results obtained showed that the ethanolic extracts of whole plant in vivo and in vitro leaf callus showed significant DPPH activity with IC50 value of 52.82± 0.0017 μg/mL and 58.66±0.004μg/mL respectively, while IC50 of vitamin C as standard was 84.84±11.54μg/mL. Present study revealed that an antioxidant activity was higher leaf callus extract compare to whole plant extract of Mollugo oppositifolia L.

scholarly journals Variation in radical antioxidant capacity and the total amount of carotenoids in razor clams, Ensis marginatus (Pennant, 1777), from the Çanakkale Strait (Abidealtı), Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Bayram Kizilkaya ◽  
Sefa Acarli ◽  
Pervin Vural Ertuğrul ◽  
Selçuk Berber ◽  
Pınar Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sweeping Effect ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Razor Clams

Abstract Metabolic activities such as breathing and digestion, resulting from natural functions of the body through oxidation, lead to the formation of free radicals that cause cancer, premature cardiac aging and some chronic diseases. Antioxidants are substances that remove free radicals and prevent cell damage. Seafood significantly contributes to the elimination of free radicals, especially owing to its high quality nutrient content. In this context, the objective of the study was to determine the radical antioxidant capacity and the total amount of carotenes in razor clams. The IC50 (mg g−1) value of the DPPH radical sweeping effect varied over the months (p < 0.05), showing the highest value in June, gradually decreasing from September and reaching the lowest level in February. The total amount of carotenoids also varied, with the highest value in September (p < 0.05). The total amount of chlorophyll ranged from 6.15 μg g−1 in August to 66.71 μg g−1 in December.

ANTIOXIDANTS IN ORAL DISEASES: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
N. Harika ◽  
K. Sridevi ◽  
B. Krishnaveni ◽  
N. Prasanth Kumar ◽  
G. Mounika
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Health And Well Being

Antioxidants are compounds that destroy the free radicals in the body, thereby preventing harmful oxidation-reduction reactions. Free radicals are chemical species possessing an unpaired electron that can be considered fragments of molecules and generally very reactive. They are produced continuously in cells either as accidental by-products of metabolism or deliberately during, phagocytosis. However, excess free radical production originating from endogenous or exogenous sources might play a role in many diseases. Antioxidants are man-made or natural substances that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage. Antioxidants are crucial for maintaining optimum health and well-being. Free radicals have been implicated in numerous oral diseases like leukoplakia, Periodontal diseases, and oral cancer.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE DURATION TO ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE SMOKE ON DIFFERENCES IN SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND MALONDIALDEHYDE IN BLOOD OF WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
RIVAN VIRLANDO SURYADINATA ◽  
BAMBANG WIRJATMADI ◽  
MERRYANA ADRIANI ◽  
SRI SUMARMI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Exposure to electronic cigarette smoke causes an increase of free radicals. Physiologically, the body produces antioxidant superoxide dismutase to neutralize the free radicals. However, an excessive increase of the free radicals will result in an imbalance between the amount of free radicals and antioxidants. The free radicals in the body can trigger lipid peroxidation so that it will result in oxidative stress causing cell damage. Malondialdehyde increase is a marker of oxidative stress in the body. The aim of this research is to understand the changes and the relationship between levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in the blood due to exposure to electronic cigarette smoke. Methods: This research is an experimental study using male Wistar rats as experimental animal models. In the study, the exposure to electronic cigarette smoke with different duration of administration was carried out. Next, blood samples were taken to check the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. Results: The results showed a difference in antioxidant levels between antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Meanwhile the relationship between the two groups showed a strong (r = 0.893) and significant (p = 0.000) relationship. Conclusion: The exposure to electronic cigarette smoke can reduce the level of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and increase the level of malondialdehyde in blood. In addition, changes in the levels of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde had a strong and significant relationship.

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