scholarly journals ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY IN AUTOMATED CONTROL OF WATER RESOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Іryna Gryshanova
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rough Water

Control of water resources is becoming an important strategic issue. That is why authorities set the goal for wa-ter agencies to manage the availability of water and create regulations to its rational use. The main point in water control is measurement. There are three important aspects of measurements of water resources: at water extraction from nature, at the consumption and at custody transfer. Control of water consumption sometimes is based not on measurements, but on preliminary estimation, for example, by pumping. Ultrasonic measurement technology as a key feature of automated control of resources has a potential role in this market. In contrast to mechanical (turbine) meters, ultrasonic meters have a priority because they also give a possibility to realize smart metering. In contrast to electromagnetic meters, which also measure with high accuracy and realize smart functions, ultrasonic meters much more suitable for rough water, wastewater and sewage. Such water resources are usually poorly controlled, which means that no one knows their exact cost. Measurement is mandatory to control cost and for billing. Accuracy is important issue, especially when we say about measurements in large pipe diameters. There is practically no alternative to ultrasonic flow meters. Market of diverse meters concentrated on diameters under 400 mm. For larger diameters, only ultrasonic meters are in use. They have many chords, difficult algorithms for data processing. Thus, they are applicable over a very wide flow range. In this paper, we discover transit-time ultrasonic flow meters to understand features of their measurement theory taking into account all factors affecting their work. This article describes errors inherent in these flowmeters during measurements. As far as accuracy is significantly important in billing, the cost of 1% measurement error in consumption of water resources for small (DN50÷DN150 mm) and large (DN200÷DN1200 mm) pipe diameters has been evaluated and analyzed. The losses from the installation of low-quality metering devices are demonstrated and discussed.

The Study on High Precision 3D Detection Method of Steel Plate Surface Based on Structured Light

2012 ◽  
Vol 572 ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Guo Liang ◽  
Quan Yang ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Xiao Chen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Plate Surface ◽  
Factors Affecting

Structured light 3D measurement technology with its simple structure, non-contact measurement, fast measurement speed and other advantages, has been widely used. Steel plate surface quality detection is not confined to the two-dimensional feature of gray detection, and local topography measurement for surface quality of steel plate detection becomes increasingly important. In this paper, steel plate surface 3D detection method based on structured light and the factors affecting the measurement accuracy are analyzed. Several effective methods of improving 3D detection accuracy are put forward. Compared with the traditional structured light 3D detection methods, the detection accuracy of new methods is remarkably improved, thus possessing better application values.

scholarly journals Farmers’ participation in Water User Association in western Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Gholamrezai ◽  
Fatemeh Sepahvand
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
User Association ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Water User ◽  
Water User Association ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Agriculture Water

AbstractOne of the main challenges of water scarcity is the water consumption in the agriculture sector. Therefore, optimizing water consumption and applying an optimal management in the agriculture sector is necessary. The implementation of a participatory management of water resources in the rural areas and the creation of Water User Association (WUA) can be a successful approach towards this management. That requires the continuity of the management, the comprehensive participation of farmers, and the exploitation of water resources; however, this action needs to understand the factors affecting the behavior of consumers. Thus identifying the factors influencing farmers’ intentions towards participation in WUA is essential. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting farmers' intentions towards participation in water user association, by theory of planned behavior (TPB). There are 21 agriculture water pumping stations active in Lorestan Province. Farmers at each agriculture water pumping stations make up a Water User Association. The population of this study consisted of all WUAs in western Iran (N = 1990), and through a proportional stratified random sampling technique farmers were selected (N = 133) from the population. Moreover, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated at pre-test stage for different parts of the questionnaire ranging from 0.83 until 0.91. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20 software. The results revealed that there were effective variables including subjective norm, attitude, and extension training courses which contributed to the importance of participation in the water management, and that the educational level of farmer was a controlled variable that could affect farmers' attitudes towards participating in Water User Association; these factors could explain 53% of farmers' participation totally.

FACTORS AFFECTING WATER AVAILABILITY AT HOUSE HOLD LEVEL A CASE STUDY OF QUETTA BALOCHISTAN

Al-Burz ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-276
Author(s):  
Shaheen Usman Kakar ◽  
Dr. Mumtaz Ali Baloch ◽  
Dr. Shahida Habib
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sanitation Systems

  Water is of basic substance for Human development, the water brought environment, economy, civilization, livelihood provisions and well being for the society. Comprehensively understanding factors affecting the availability of water for household the water consumption behavior are required to be designed for efficient and effective water uses. To address the issue we randomly investigated 200 households in five different populated towns of Quetta city. The primary data was collected through household questionnaire survey and observation. On the other hand, secondary data included books, journal articles and websites. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings of this study revealed that type of family, monthly income, major source of water, presence of garden at household and responsible factor of water shortage are significantly correlated with water availability. The survey concludes that the available water resources provided by the government are not enough for the daily household usage resultantly the respondents struggle hard to managed alternative water resources as per their requirement. The paper recommend to bring  awareness for the public sector about their right to water and provision of water sources is core responsibly of Government, especially to draw a policy for new constructions of water resources or by the remodeling of water and sanitation systems.

Agricultural water poverty in Marvdasht County, Southern Iran

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Forouzani ◽  
Ezatollah Karami ◽  
Gh. Hossein Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Water Poverty Index ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Different Climates

The paper discusses the application of the Agricultural Water Poverty Index (AWPI) as an assessment tool for agricultural water in rural areas of Marvdasht County, Fars Province, Iran. Along with the global concern, water has become an increasing concern during the recent years in Iran. This paper provides an overview of the AWPI and the methodology to measure AWP by addressing the four key issues, namely practical components and indicators, sources of data, choice of formula, and choice of base period. In order to assess water scarcity at the local level, a survey was conducted using stratified random sampling to select 293 farmers working in different climates. Distinct differences were found between farmers living in different climates with regard to the AWPI score. The study revealed that all farmers were labeled as ‘agricultural water poor’. Farmers with a high score on the AWPI were characterized by having more water resources, more access to water resources, better use of available water, better abilities to manage water use and low environmental factors affecting the AWP than other farmers. Finally the study identified the hot spots, most needy places, and the reasons behind the agricultural water poverty by drawing the AWP map using a Geographic Information System (GIS).

Research on Numerical Stimulation of Water Resources of Bang River by Finite Volume Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 781-786
Author(s):  
Qi Xia Liu ◽  
Hai Ying Yang ◽  
Qing Huan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Finite Volume Method ◽  
Finite Volume ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Geometric Error ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Volume Method

In order to find out Bang river of hydrogeological conditions in Liandi beach, Evaluation of groundwater resources, Put forward the scientific and reasonable layout of new Wells. This paper will be for the finite volume method is applied to the underground water resources evaluation and numerical simulation research of Yellow River xiaolangdi key water control project in Bang river zone . As the Bang river groundwater flow problems put forward a kind of high precision and simple new method. The study on speeding up the construction progress and safeguard the social stability has the important practical significance. The calculation results show that the finite volume method advantages of flexible meshing, geometric error is small, easy to deal with natural boundary conditions, to maintain the quality and higher accuracy. The calculation and evaluation of groundwater resources has important application value.

scholarly journals Development Management and Project Management: Contrast or Complement?

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Oleg Vasilyevich Tikhanychev
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Applied Software ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Control Automation

The subject of this research is the process of developing software for automated control systems. The object of research is the means of organizing software development. A generally recognized promising direction for increasing the efficiency of the use of organizational and technical systems is the automation of their management. A significant share of the effectiveness of any complex technical system is provided by its software. This primarily applies to the application software. The development of application programs is fraught with certain difficulties, primarily of an organizational nature. The generalized analysis showed that in world practice there is a fairly wide range of tools for organizing the program development process. These tools are proposed to be divided into two large groups with respect to the attitude to the process and the degree of detail on "project management tools" and "development controls". Each of the tools is effective for certain conditions of software development. The review article analyzes the factors affecting the effectiveness of the use of a particular tool, synthesized proposals on the expediency of using various control systems in different conditions of the development process. The analysis showed that for the conditions of the development of applied software for automated decision support systems, the most effective is the integrated use of process control automation tools.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Eutrophication: A Short Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3668-3672
Author(s):  
M. Nazari Sharabian ◽  
S. Ahmad ◽  
M. Karakouzian
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Water Eutrophication

Water resources are vital not only for human beings but essentially all ecosystems. Human health is at risk if clean drinking water becomes contaminated. Water is also essential for agriculture, manufacturing, energy production and other diverse uses. Therefore, a changing climate and its potential effects put more pressure on water resources. Climate change may cause increased water demand as a result of rising temperatures and evaporation while decreasing water availability. On the other hand, extreme events as a result of climate change can increase surface runoff and flooding, deteriorating water quality as well. One effect is water eutrophication, which occurs when high concentrations of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, are present in the water. Nutrients come from different sources including agriculture, wastewater, stormwater, and fossil fuel combustion. Algal blooms can cause many problems, such as deoxygenation and water toxicity, ultimately disrupting normal ecosystem functioning. In this paper, we investigate the potential impacts of climatic factors affecting water eutrophication, how these factors are projected to change in the future, and what their projected potential impacts will be.

CHOOSING AN EFFICIENI TECHNOLOGY OF WASTEWATER SLUDGE DISPOSAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
O.V. YANTSEN ◽  
◽  
N.S. SEVRYUGINA ◽  
V.A. GERASIMOV ◽  
A.P. STOROZHEV
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Materials Used

The article deals with the problem of efficient use of water resources. Factors affecting wastewater treatment and the problem of waste disposal have been identified. It has been established that economic methods should be coordinated with the environmental state in order to rationally manage water resources. The purpose: to reduce the negative environmental burden on water resources by choosing a rational method for the disposal of wastewater sediment. Studies include an analysis of existing methods of wastewater treatment and disposal of sludge. It has been established that the use of the technology for the most complete processing of sewage sludge,utilization of sludge to obtain raw materials for recycling can significantly reduce operating costs. It is accepted as the optimal method to consider the technology of utilization by glazing the sediment, allowing obtaining a granular fraction of raw materials used in the construction industry. An example of the practical implementation of the technology of glazing dehydrated sit cake is presented by a pilot installation at the Shchelkovsite of the sewer treatment plant, as a result of which the amount of wastewater sediment was reduced by almost 25 times.

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