scholarly journals The Effect of Magnetite Nanoparticles on the Growth and Development of Nicotiana Tabacum Plants in Vivo and in Vitro Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Svitlana Gorobets ◽  
Nina Ilchuk ◽  
Iryna Demianenko ◽  
Maria Bannikova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticle ◽  
Cultivation In Vitro

Background. Nanomaterials are easily modified and have unique characteristics associated with a large reactive surface Due to these properties, nanomaterials are used in various branches of sciences and technology, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, chemical technology, etc. Recently, the effect of magnetite nanoparticles on the morphological properties of plants has been actively studied for their further use as nanoadditives to increase yields and improve the properties of agricultural plants. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is a model object of plant biotechnology, it is used to study the effect of various factors on dicotyledonous plants, so it was chosen to study the effect of magnetite on the growth, development, and mass accumulation by plants. Objective. We are aimed to study the effect of magnetite nanoparticles on the growth and development of Nicotiana tabacum in vivo and in vitro. Methods. The ability of tobacco to produce biogenic magnetic nanoparticles by searching for mammal proteins homologues in theNicotiana tabacum proteome using the Blast NCBI program was studied using comparative genomics methods. The plants were divided into groups (control, magnetite nanoparticle concentration 0.1 mg/cm3, magnetite nanoparticle concentration 1 mg/cm3) for both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Analysis of plant parameters was performed every 14 days to study the dynamics of the effects of magnetite nanoparticles. Results. It was determined that magnetite nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.1 mg/cm3 in culture in vitro and in vivo significantly affect the growth of the root system and sprouts of Nicotiana tabacum. On the 56th day of plant cultivation in vitro on a salivary medium supplemented with magnetite nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.1 mg/cm3, an increase in the shoot length by 13.3%, root length by 31.7%, and the mass of absolutely dry substances by 18.75% was observed compared to the control. Treatment of magnetite nanoparticles with a suspension at a concentration of 0.1 mg/cm3 led to more pronounced results when growing tobacco in vivo. So, on the56th day, the root length increased by 23.3%, the length of the shoot – by 19.2%, and the mass of absolutely dry substances – by2 times, the first leaves appeared 2 days earlier compared to the control. The addition of magnetite nanoparticles to the substrate on which the plants were grown in vivo at a concentration of 1 mg/cm3 inhibits the growth of tobacco. Conclusions. Studies have shown the expediency of using magnetic nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.1 mg/cm3 as nanofertilizers in tobacco cultivation.

scholarly journals Macrophage oxygen-dependent antimicrobial activity. III. Enhanced oxidative metabolism as an expression of macrophage activation.

1980 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 1596-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
H W Murray ◽  
Z A Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Cultivation In Vitro

The capacity of 15 separate populations of mouse peritoneal macrophages to generate and release H2O2 (an index of oxidative metabolism) was compared with their ability to inhibit the intracellular replication of virulent Toxoplasma gondii. Resident macrophages and those elicited by inflammatory agents readily supported toxoplasma multiplication and released 4-20X less H2O2 than macrophages activated in vivo by systemic infection with Bacille Calmette-Guérin or T. gondii, or by immunization with Corynebacterium parvum. Immunologically activated cells consistently displayed both enhanced H2O2 production and antitoxoplasma activity. Exposure to lymphokines generated from cultures of spleen cells from T. gondii immune mice and toxoplasma antigen preserved both the antitoxoplasma activity and the heightened H2O2 release of toxoplasma immune and immune-boosted macrophages, which otherwise were lost after 48-72 h of cultivation. In vitro activation of resident and chemically-elicited cells by 72 h of exposure to mitogen- and antigen-prepared lymphokines, conditions that induce trypanocidal (5) and leishmanicidal activity (14), stimulated O2- and H2O2 release, and enhanced nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in response to toxoplasma ingestion. Such treatment, however, failed to confer any antitoxoplasma activity, indicating that intracellular pathogens may vary in their susceptibility to macrophage microbicidal mechanisms, including specific oxygen intermediates. In contrast, cocultivating normal macrophages with lymphokine plus heart infusion broth for 18H rendered these cells toxoplasmastatic. This in vitro-acquired activity was inhibited by scavengers of O2-, H2O2, OH., and 1O2, demonstrating a role for oxidative metabolites in lymphokine-induced enhancement of macrophage antimicrobial activity. These findings indicate that augmented oxidative metabolism is an consistent marker of macrophage activation, and that oxygen intermediates participate in the resistance of both in vivo- and vitro-activated macrophages toward the intracellular parasite, T. gondii.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis reveals a role for the nervous system in regulating growth and development of Fasciola hepatica juveniles

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Robb ◽  
Erin McCammick ◽  
Duncan Wells ◽  
Paul McVeigh ◽  
Erica Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Neuronal Signalling ◽  
Growth Development

Fasciola spp. liver fluke have significant impacts in veterinary and human medicine. The absence of a vaccine and increasing anthelmintic resistance threaten sustainable control and underscore the need for novel flukicides. Functional genomic approaches underpinned by in vitro culture of juvenile Fasciola hepatica facilitate control target validation in the most pathogenic life stage. Comparative transcriptomics of in vitro and in vivo maintained 21 day old F. hepatica finds that 86% of genes are expressed at similar levels across maintenance treatments suggesting commonality in core biological functioning within these juveniles. Phenotypic comparisons revealed higher cell proliferation and growth rates in the in vivo juveniles compared to their in vitro counterparts. These phenotypic differences were consistent with the upregulation of neoblast-like stem cell and cell-cycle associated genes in in vivo maintained worms. The more rapid growth/development of in vivo juveniles was further evidenced by a switch in cathepsin protease expression profiles, dominated by cathepsin B in in vitro juveniles and then by cathepsin L in in vivo juveniles. Coincident with more rapid growth/development was the marked downregulation of both classical and peptidergic neuronal signalling components in in vivo maintained juveniles, supporting a role for the nervous system in regulating liver fluke growth and development. Differences in the miRNA complements of in vivo and in vitro juveniles identified 31 differentially expressed miRNAs, notably fhe-let-7a-5p , fhe-mir-124-3p and, miRNAs predicted to target Wnt-signalling, supporting a key role for miRNAs in driving the growth/developmental differences in the in vitro and in vivo maintained juvenile liver fluke. Widespread differences in the expression of neuronal genes in juvenile fluke grown in vitro and in vivo expose significant interplay between neuronal signalling and the rate of growth/development, encouraging consideration of neuronal targets in efforts to dysregulate growth/development for parasite control.

scholarly journals Recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor stimulates thrombocytopoiesis in normal nonhuman primates

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Farese ◽  
P Hunt ◽  
T Boone ◽  
TJ MacVittie
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Development Factor ◽  
Development In Vitro

Megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) is a novel cytokine that binds to the c-mpl receptor and stimulates megakaryocyte development in vitro and in vivo. This report describes the ability of recombinant human (r-Hu) MGDF to affect megakaryocytopoiesis in normal nonhuman primates. r-HuMGDF was administered subcutaneously to normal, male rhesus monkeys once per day for 10 consecutive days at dosages of 2.5, 25, or 250 micrograms/kg of body weight. Bone marrow and peripheral blood were assayed for clonogenic activity and peripheral blood counts were monitored. Circulating platelet counts increased significantly (P < .05) for all doses within 6 days of r-HuMGDF administration and reached maximal levels between day 12 and day 14 postcytokine administration. The 2.5, 25.0, and 250.0 micrograms/kg/d doses elicited peak mean platelet counts that were 592%, 670%, and 449% of baseline, respectively. Bone marrow-derived clonogenic data showed significant increases in the concentration of megakaryocyte (MEG)- colony-forming unit (CFU) and granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage- megakaryocyte (GEMM)-CFU, whereas that of granulocyte-macrophage (GM)- CFU and burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-e) remained unchanged during the administration of r-HuMGDF. These data show that r-HuMGDF is a potent stimulator of thrombocytopoiesis in the normal nonhuman primate.

Platelets Exposed to Elevated Levels of Endogenous Thrombopoietin In Vivo Have a Reduced Response to Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor In Vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (01) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uichi Nishiyama ◽  
Haruhiko Morita ◽  
Yoshifumi Torii ◽  
Tomoaki Kuwaki ◽  
Eiko Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Development Factor ◽  
Lower Reactivity

SummaryThrombopoietin (TPO), or megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF), has been shown to potentiate the sensitivity of normal human platelets to various agonists in vitro. The present study investigated the functional and biochemical properties of platelets from mice rendered thrombocytopenic by sublethal irradiation with regard to the reactivity to recombinant murine MGDF (rmMGDF) in vitro. During the course of reversible thrombocytopenia following irradiation, platelets from irradiated mice which had lower platelet counts and reciprocally higher plasma TPO levels showed lower reactivity to rmMGDF in agonist-induced platelet aggregation. Intravenous injections of recombinant soluble murine c-Mpl (sMpl), which has the ability to capture TPO, after irradiation restored the reactivity of platelets at the platelet nadir to rmMGDF. On the other hand, platelets prepared from normal mice 3 h after a single intravenous injection of pegylated rmMGDF did not respond to rmMGDF. There was a marked decrease in c-Mpl and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in platelets from irradiated mice at the platelet nadir. Similar results were observed with platelets from mice administered pegylated rmMGDF. JAK2 was only moderately decreased, however, in platelets from mice given sMpl after irradiation. These results indicate that exposure of platelets to increased endogenous TPO levels in vivo in thrombocytopenic mice leads to a reduction in the platelet reactivity to rmMGDF in vitro. Further, these results suggest that the c-Mpl-mediated signaling pathway, which is essential for the priming effect of rmMGDF, is defective in thrombocytopenic murine platelets.

scholarly journals Pegylated megakaryocyte growth and development factor abrogates the lethal thrombocytopenia associated with carboplatin and irradiation in mice

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 4486-4492 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Hokom ◽  
D Lacey ◽  
OB Kinstler ◽  
E Choi ◽  
S Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Development Factor ◽  
Internal Bleeding ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Sublethal Irradiation

Megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) is a potent inducer of megakaryopoiesis in vitro and thrombopoiesis in vivo. The effects of MGDF appear to be lineage-selective, making this cytokine an ideal candidate for use in alleviating clinically relevant thrombocytopenias. This report describes a murine model of life-threatening thrombocytopenia that results from the combination treatment of carboplatin and sublethal irradiation. Mortality of this regimen is 94% and is associated with widespread internal bleeding. The daily administration of pegylated recombinant human MGDF (PEG-rMGDF) significantly reduced mortality (to < 15%) and ameliorated the depth and duration of thrombocytopenia. The severity of leucopenia and anemia was also reduced, although it was not clear whether these effects were direct. Platelets generated in response to PEG-rMGDF were morphologically indistinguishable from normal platelets. PEG-rMGDF administered in combination with murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor completely prevented mortality and further reduced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. These data support the concept that PEG-rMGDF may be useful to treat iatrogenic thrombocytopenias.

scholarly journals Magnetite Nanoparticles Coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80: In Vitro Characterization Using Primary Cell Cultures

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A Roacho-Pérez ◽  
Fernando G Ruiz-Hernandez ◽  
Christian Chapa-Gonzalez ◽  
Herminia G Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
Israel A Flores-Urquizo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Hemolysis Assay ◽  
Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Average Size

Some medical applications of magnetic nanoparticles require direct contact with healthy tissues and blood. If nanoparticles are not designed properly, they can cause several problems, such as cytotoxicity or hemolysis. A strategy for improvement the biological proprieties of magnetic nanoparticles is their functionalization with biocompatible polymers and nonionic surfactants. In this study we compared bare magnetite nanoparticles against magnetite nanoparticles coated with a combination of polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350) and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80). Physical characteristics of nanoparticles were evaluated. A primary culture of sheep adipose mesenchymal stem cells was developed to measure nanoparticle cytotoxicity. A sample of erythrocytes from a healthy donor was used for the hemolysis assay. Results showed the successful obtention of magnetite nanoparticles coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80, with a spherical shape, average size of 119.2 nm and a zeta potential of +5.61 mV. Interaction with mesenchymal stem cells showed a non-cytotoxic propriety at doses lower than 1000 µg/mL. Interaction with erythrocytes showed a non-hemolytic propriety at doses lower than 100 µg/mL. In vitro information obtained from this work concludes that the use of magnetite nanoparticles coated with PEG 3350-Tween 80 is safe for a biological system at low doses.

scholarly journals Use of Magnetic Nanoparticles as Targeted Therapy: Theranostic Approach to Treat and Diagnose Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Malik ◽  
Tariq Tahir Butt ◽  
Sara Zahid ◽  
Fatima Zahid ◽  
Sulayman Waquar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Imaging ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Proliferating Cells

The metastasis of cancer epitomizes the diagnostic and therapeutic challenge as a result of cancer heterogeneity. To overcome the uncontrolled growth of the proliferating cells, nanosystems have been developed and have undergone many preclinical trials both in vitro and in vivo and many practices have been further applied clinically on human beings. In practice, magnetic nanoparticles- (MNPs-) based systems following the application of Fe3O4 bound antitumor drug have shown an enhanced therapeutic index in comparison with conventional chemotherapy ensuring the significant decline in nanosystems’ toxicity. A number of improved strategies employing nanoparticle engineering have been in practice for upgrading selectivity of metastatic cells and to have direct access to poorly manageable tumor regions. Targeted nanoparticle therapy paving the way towards tumor biomarkers and tissue specific cancer stages provides effective strategies for nonaccessible tumor regions, thus leading to the tangible modification in the history of cancer world. An infinite number of targets have been exploited for surface receptor specificity to distinct types of nanoparticles and are presently enduring clinical practices both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this review is to take into view current nanotechnology-based research in cancer imaging for diagnosis and treatment. Several commercially available magnetic nanoparticles-based systems applied as contrast agents for metastatic cancer imaging and treatment via hyperthermia have also been focused on.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility and Toxicity of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Markides ◽  
M. Rotherham ◽  
A. J. El Haj
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Iron Oxide Core ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Regenerative medicine is a pioneering field aimed at restoring and regenerating the function of damaged cells, organs and tissues in order to establish normal function. It demands the cross communication of disciplines to develop effective therapeutic stem cell based therapies. Nanotechnology has been instrumental in the development and translation of basic research to the clinically relevant therapies. In particular, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been applied to tag, track and activate stem cells offering an effective means of monitoringin vitroandin vivobehaviour. MNPs are comprised of an iron oxide core with a biocompatible biological polymer. Safety is an issue of constant concern and emphasises on the importance of investigating the issue of toxicity. Any indication of toxicity can ultimately limit the therapeutic efficiency of the therapy. Toxicity is highly dependent on the physical, chemical and structural properties of the MNP itself as well as dose and intended use. Fewin vitrostudies have reported adverse effects of MNP on cells atin vitroin therapeutic doses. However, long termin vivostudies have not been studied as extensively. This review aims to summarise current research in this topic highlighting commonly used toxicity assays to investigate this.

Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-based and enzyme-responsive magnetic nanoparticles for tumor chemotherapy, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiali Zhu ◽  
Heqing Huang ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
Huijuan Zhang ◽  
Lin Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mcf 7

Safe and efficient drug delivery in a controllable fashion, especially remote and repeatable switch of on-demand drug release, is the subject of widespread attention. A kind of magnetic nanoparticles (DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs) simultaneously consisted of Cit/CuS@Fe3O4 and doxorubicin (DOX) was presented. The drug release from DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs could be successfully triggered by the presence of gelatinase, showing great promise for tumor-targeted drug release through an enzymatic degradation mechanism. Compared with free DOX, DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs could not only specially deliver Cit/CuS@Fe3O4 and DOX into MCF-7 cells, but also could greatly improve the quantity of ROS produced in MCF-7 cells under of 980 nm laser irradiation. DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs also had highly selective accumulation at tumor tissue of S180 tumor-bearing mice, which were along with a magnet near the tumor site. Furthermore, when combined with NIR laser irridation, DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs showed a higher antitumor efficacy than the individual therapies in vitro and in vivo. This study showed that DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs could be used as a platform for tumor chemotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document