scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern and Incidence of Streptococcus agalactiae and Other Pathogenic Microbial Organism from Pregnant Women at Tertiary Care Centre, Kanpur

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Sugandh Rathore Bitesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Aerobic Vaginitis ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

This study was conducted in Rama Medical College Hospital & Research Centre. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2016. A total 50 high vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women admitted to the labour room after gestation. Vaginal swabs collected from high vagina using sterile cotton swabs (Himedia, Mumbai) and transported to the laboratory and inoculated into enrichment broth, (Todd Hewitt Broth) and incubated at 370 C for 18-24 hours. After incubation sample were plated onto Blood agar and MacConkey agar (Himedia, Mumbai) and incubated aerobically at 370 C for 18-24 hours. The isolates were identified based on colony appearance, gram stain, and standard biochemical test obtained from (Himedia, Mumbai). Out of 50 women, 16 (32%) were primigravida 34 (68%) were multigravida. Number of pathogenic growth were 31 (62%). The maximum number of aerobic vaginitis cases fell in the age group of 20-25 years followed by 26-30 and 30-35. The common pathogenic isolates in this study Candida, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Enterococcus species. The results of present study showed a high occurrence of Candida among pregnant women. There was a high prevalence of vaginal candidiasis among multigravida, women at the third trimester and those between age group 20 to 25 and 3 samples of aerobic vaginitis with polymicrobial growth. This study did not show any Group B Streptococcus. In this study were found most common sensitive drugs among all microbes– Gentamycin, Amikacin, Netilmicin, Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, Piperacillin/tazobactam, Imipenem, Meropenem, Tigecycline, Colistin, Polymyxin B. Cotrimoxazole, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefoxitine, Teicoplanin, Levofloxacin, Vancomycin, Ampicillin, Penicillin, Tetracyclin, Aztreonam.

scholarly journals Prevalence of adenomyosis and associated gynaecological pathologies in hysterectomy samples: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekshminath Gopinath ◽  
Rajani Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Serous Cystadenoma ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Case Record

Background: Adenomyosis is a prevalent gynaecological disorder among women and it is a major cause for AUB. Its diagnosis is confirmed by histological examination of hysterectomized samples. Moreover it is associated with other benign gynaecological pathologies. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of Adenomyosis and its association with other benign gynaec pathologies in hysterectomized samples.Methods: This retrospective of two year duration was conducted in obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Malabar Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, a tertiary care centre in Kozhikode, Kerala from 2019 June to 2021 June. 452 patients underwent hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding during this period. Among this, 76 patients had histologically proven adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimen and their case record were reviewed and the data was analysed.Results: The prevalence of Adenomyosis in this study was 16.8%. Majority of women were in age group of 41 to 46 (36.8%), followed by 46 to 50 age group (26.3%). 94 % of women were multipara with majority in para2 and para3 group. Only 6 % of women were nulliparous. Most common symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding (92%), followed by dysmenorrhoea and chronic pelvic pain. Majority had overlap of symptoms. 7% of women were asymptomatic. In 60 % of women no other gynaec pathologies were identified. Most common associated pathology was leiomyoma (15.8%), closely followed by endometriosis (13.2%). Endometrial hyperplasia was associated with adenomyosis in 3.9%of women and endometrial polyp in 2.6%. Ovarian pathologies identified were simple ovarian cyst (2.6%) and serous cystadenoma (1.3%).Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of adenomyosis was high and abnormal uterine bleeding was the patients’ most prevalent complaint. Among the associated gynaec pathologies, leiomyoma had the highest correlation with adenomyosis.

scholarly journals Indications of Preterm Caesarean Section: Experience of 100 Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Rebeka Khanam ◽  
Fatema Mahbooba Akter ◽  
Rabeya Parvin ◽  
Lutfunnahar Shampa
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Preterm caesarean section is performed for different indication among the pregnant women. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the indications of preterm caesarean section among pregnant women. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetric & Gynaecology at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogra, Bangladesh from January 2007 to December 2007 for a period of one year. Women with the gestational age between 32 to 36 completed weeks who were selected for delivery by Caesarean section were selected as study population. All the women of study were assessed on the basis of detailed history, clinical examination, gestational period, history of premature rupture of membranes, any vaginal bleeding and fetal condition. Result: A total number of 100 pregnant women were recruited for this study. In this study most of the pregnant women were in the age group of15 to 20 years which was 40(40.0%) cases followed by the age group of 21 to 25 years which were 20(20.0%) cases. About 43(43.0%) cases were complicated with pregnancy induced hypertension. Almost all of them had indication for immediate caesarean section. Among the group incidence of eclampsia was high which was in 23(23.0%) cases; however, preeclampsia was found in 20(20.0%) cases. Ante partum haemorrhage was reported in 10(10.0%) cases. Pregnant women with premature rupture of membrane (PROM) was found in 14(14.0%) cases; furthermore, PROM with Chorioamnionitis was detected in 5(5.0%) cases. Preterm labour with history of previous caesarean section was given by 5(5.0%) women. Conclusion: In conclusion eclampsia and preeclampsia are the most common indication for preterm caesarean section followed by premature rupture of membrane. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2021;8(1):44-48

scholarly journals Cervical Pap smear study and its utility in cancer screening in patients attending out-patient department in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3521
Author(s):  
Paridhi Garg ◽  
Shweta Mishra ◽  
Pragati Divedi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Pap Screening ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the major causes of mortality among women worldwide. By simple pap screening test cervical cancer and its precursor lesions can be detected and treated early. The aim of the study was to determine and analyze Pap smear reports from women presenting with various gynaecological indications in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur over a period of 6 months. Patients with various complaints between ages 21 to 70 years were screened during August 2020 to January 2021 by taking Pap smear using Ayres spatula. Total 330 patients were studied.  Slides were reported according to the 2014 Bethesda system.Results: Maximum number of cases were in the age group 31-40 years constituting 32.72% of the total cases followed by age group 41-50 years. Vaginal discharge was the commonest chief complaint seen in 32.12% cases followed by menorrhagia. Maximum number of cases reported as non-specific inflammatory smears (64.54%). Among epithelial cell abnormalities incidence of LSIL was 2.42% followed by ASCUS (1.82%).Conclusions: Pap smear testing is an economical, non-invasive and simple OPD procedure to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous lesions of cervix. It should be established as a routine screening procedure to reduce the treatment burden, morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Risk factor and outcome of retinopathy of prematurity among premature babies admitted to tertiary care hospital: a prospective observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Vijaykumar Shegji ◽  
Sharanabasappa S. Dhanwadkar ◽  
S. S. Kalyanshettar ◽  
S. V. Patil ◽  
Ashwini Kumara N. B
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity is a multifactorial vaso-proliferative retinal disorder that increases in incidence with gestational age. ROP is a vascular retinal disease that can cause low vision or blindness. ROP is a common blinding disease in children in the developed world despite current treatment and is becoming increasingly prevalent in the developing world. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factor and outcome of ROP among premature infants admitted to NICU of Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre-Vijaypur.Methods: Preterm babies less than 35 weeks of gestation or less than 2000grams of birth weight delivered in or referred to Department of Paediatrics at B. L. D. E. U’s Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapur.Results: Of 153 neonates screened 49 infants had ROP. The incidence of ROP in this study was found to be 32.02% among the babies screened. 25 babies were in stage 1(51.0%) 19 babies were in stage 2(38.8%) two babies from stage 2 progressed to plus disease and 5 babies with APROP (10.2%).Conclusions: The present study reflects the problem of ROP in a tertiary care centre. The incidence of ROP in our study was 32.02 % for any stage. The percentage of neonates who had ROP in the gestational age group ≤32 weeks 36.5%, 24.1%in the 32-36 weeks gestational age group and 40 % in >35 weeks of gestational age group. A statistically significant correlation between birth weight and ROP was also shown in our study. Our study showed greater risk of developing ROP with birth weights less than 1750g. There exists a statistically very high significant correlation between ROP and supplemental oxygen. Also, there is a statistically significant correlation between RDS and ROP.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Candida Albicans in Genital Tract of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic of Nepalgunj Medical College Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Maya Rai ◽  
T. P. Poudel ◽  
K. Gurung ◽  
G. P. Neupane ◽  
Durga B.C.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sugar Fermentation ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

Introduction: Pregnancy is one of the important risk factor for occurrence of vaginal candidiasis which may lead to pregnancy complications like abortions, premature birth, low birth weight and other morbidities. It is essential to know pattern of distribution of the species of Candida that are pathogenic. Aim and Objective: To identify prevalence of Candida albicans in the genital tract of pregnant women. Materials and Methods: Total of 100 vaginal swabs were collected from 100 pregnant women attending at antenatal clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics department for a period of six months from March 2017 to August 2017. Gram's staining and inoculation onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium were done for general identification of yeast and to isolate the positive cases. The specifications of Candida species was done on the basis of sugar fermentation, carbohydrate assimilation, production of germ tube in fresh human serum, formation of chlamydospore on Cornmeal agar and colour of colony on CHRO Magar. Results: Out of 100 high vaginal swabs 40(40%) samples were positive for Candida. Of these positive samples, Candida albicans was isolated in 52.5% of pregnant women. Candida albicans was most commonly isolated in the age group of 25-29(38.09%), in third trimester of pregnancy and in the multigravidae. Conclusions: High prevalence of Candida albicans species among pregnant women were documented in this study. Our results indicate that gravidity, as the risk factor for occurrence of infection, has the significant role in the occurrence of vaginal candidiasis.

scholarly journals HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF LESIONS OF HYSTERECTOMY SPECIMENS IN GCS MEDICAL COLLEGE, HOSPITALAND RESEARCH CENTER, AHMEDABAD : A STUDY OF 100 CASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Shweta Shah ◽  
S.K. Suri ◽  
Ami Shah
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gynaecological Surgery ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College

Background: Most frequently performed gynaecological surgery is hysterectomy. The prevalence of hysterectomy varies within different regions. There are mainly two types of hysterectomies according to which part of uterus is removed. The main types of hysterectomy are total and subtotal or partial hysterectomy. The hysterectomy can be performed by three routes abdominal, laproscopic and vaginal hysterectomy. The main objective of our study is to know most common pathology and different age groups of the patients underwent hysterectomy. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study was carried during period 6 months, at GCS medical college, hospital and research centre, Ahmedabad. Total 100 hysterectomy specimens were analyzed for histopathological lesions. We had taken the clinical and histopathological findings of these cases from the records of department of pathology, GCS medical college , hospital and research centre. Results: In our study of 100 cases, most common age group underwent hysterectomy was 40-49 years and least common age group was 20-29 years. Type of hysterectomy performed most commonly in this study was total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy. Most of lesions were seen in the myometrium 42 cases (42%), Endometrium 32 cases (32%), Cervix 16 cases (16%) and Ovary 10 cases (10%). Hysterectomy remains the widely used treatment modality.

scholarly journals SCREENING FOR CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM WITH UMBILCAL CORD BLOOD TSH LEVEL ‘AN EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE CENTER'

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Rohan Modi ◽  
Harsh Mod ◽  
Aabha Phalak ◽  
Rutvik Parikh ◽  
Vilas Kavad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Serum Tsh

BACKGROUND:- Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism can be helpful in preventing mental retardation among general population. Umbilical cord blood TSH (CBTSH) estimation has been universally accepted and is one of the most cost effective screening programs in the field of preventive medicine and public health. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:- This study was aimed to find the effectiveness of cord blood TSH as a screening tool for congenital hypothyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS:- This hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at GCS Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, over a period of one year in 1687 neonates. All newborns delivered at the institute were subjected to cord blood TSH level estimation and a repeat Serum TSH estimation was done at or after 72 hours of life. Diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism is confirmed postnatally by standard Serum TSH value cut offs as per age. Data collected and statistically analysed. RESULTS:- Out of 1687 neonates born during the study period, 1548 formed the study group. 805 (52%) were males and 743(48%) were females. The birth weight of babies ranged from 850 gms to 4300 gms. The value of CBTSH varied from 1.3mIU/L to 101.4mIU/L with mean CBTSH of 7.21mIU/L. 28(1.8%) babies had CBTSH levels >20mIU/L. Out of which four were later diagnosed to have congenital hypothyroidism. All four had CBTSH levels >20mIU/L. All other neonates with CBTSH levels less than 20mIU/L were found to have normal screening later postnatally. CONCLUSION:- The current study concludes that cord blood TSH is a sensitive marker to screen for congenital hypothyroidism in neonates. A cut off value of cord blood TSH >20mIU/ml can be used for screening purpose.

scholarly journals Clinical spectrum of facial hypermelanosis: a descriptive study from a tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Mohammed Thoyyib ◽  
Roshni Menon ◽  
Brinda G. David
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Pigmentary Disorders ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Face ◽  
Detailed Clinical History

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Facial melanosis (FM) which refers to brown, black or blue pigmentation over the face is a common cosmetic concern in Indian patients. This increased incidence could be due to remarkable diversity of Indian ethinic population. Pigmentary disorders of the face are a great cosmetic and psychological concern for the patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is an extensive descriptive clinico epidemiological study comprising of 1024 patients, conducted at Sri Venkateshwara Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, for a period of one and a half years. A detailed clinical history and examination was done, and all the clinical photographs and data were recorded. Necessary investigations like skin biopsy and patch testing was done wherever required.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The maximum number of patients belong to the age group of 21-35 years with a female predominance (67.2%). Among patients of FM, post inflammatory pigmentation (35.3%) was the most common comprising of 362 patients, followed by melasma (17.2%), periorbital melanosis (15.7%), seborrheic melanosis (7.5%) followed by other causes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> FM is common in Indian skin, several of which have overlapping features, and some have defined clinical classification. Additionally, climatic conditions, cosmetic usage and social parameters predispose to the increased incidence of FM.</p>

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and its determinants in Pre Diabetic pregnant mothers attending tertiary care centre in Tamilnadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-622
Author(s):  
Kavitha Durairaj ◽  
Muthulakshmi M ◽  
Venkataraman P ◽  
Murali R ◽  
Rukumani J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin D is a vital nutrient factor in the healthiness of the mother and infant. Vitamin D is mainly amalgamated in the skin following exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. Insufficiency of vitamin D in Pregnancy had been related to various sicknesses, such as respiratory infection, type 1 diabetes mellitus, high risk of childhood wheezing. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of pregestational diabetes in pregnant women referred to antenatal clinics in SRM Medical College hospital, Tamilnadu, India. 200 pregnant women were recruited, and oral glucose challenge test (OGCT), serum calcium and 25(OH) D were determined. Participants were in the age group of 18 to 35 years, with a mean age of 26.29. Among the participants, 59% were multiparous. The present study showed that a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (61.5%) and insufficiency (34%) in pregnant women before supplementation with a mean of 16.84. Vitamin D supplementation during the early weeks of pregnancy might help in the improvement of maternal and child health.

scholarly journals Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Paediatric Encephalitis Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Nasir Uddin Mahamud ◽  
Sanat Kumar Barua ◽  
Pranab Kumar Chowdhury ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim ◽  
Prabad Chandra Barua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cns Inflammation ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
New Onset

Introduction: Acute encephalitis is potentially harmful central nervous system (CNS) inflammation usually caused by infections. The diagnosis is difficult to establish and the etiology often remain unclear. It is endemic throughout the year with occasional epidemics in various localities in our country. So this study was carried out to see the clinical and epidemiological background of hospitalized children with encephalitis. Methodology: A retrospective, observational study, conducted in the department of Paediatrics, Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH). The study period was from January 2009 to December 2010. Children with all ages and sex with clinical case definition of encephalitis characterized by new onset of fever (tempareturee”380C) or history of fever during present illness along with altered mental status (confusion, disorientation, coma) and/or neurological deficit (focal or diffuse neurological dysfunction or new onset of seizure) were included. Results: A total of 666 cases were analyzed during the study period. The mean age of the children was 3.77 years (SD± 2.9 years), most of the cases (48.5%) were between 12 months to 60 months age group. Urban cases were 144 (25%) & rural cases were 421 (75%).Year wise admissions in 2009 & 2010 were 312 & 354; deaths were 46% & 56%. Prominent clinical features of admitted encephalitis patients were fever (89%), convulsion (84%) and altered consciousness (75%). The trend of admission was high in the months of January, April and October. Significant number of death were observed under 5 year’s age group (P value <0.02%). Conclusion: It was observed from this study that clinical profiles among children with encephalitis can help to understand the course and epidemiological pattern of the disease. The spectrum of encephalitis can differ from rural to urban area and the months of January, April and October were the peak seasons for encephalitis in south-east region of Bangladesh; probably due to viral surge. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i1.20020 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (1) : 5-10

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