HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT OF REPUBLIC OF CROATIA AND PRIMORSKOGORANSKA COUNTY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH∗

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Nada Karaman Aksentijevic ◽  
Zoran Jezic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Human Resources Development ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Theoretical Part ◽  
Educational Structures ◽  
Indirect Indicator ◽  
Per Capita

In the theoretical part of research authors will establish connections and diversities between human capital and human resources categories. In the empirical part of research, via HDI, it will be evaluated the development of human resources in Republic Of Croatia and in Primorsko-goranska County and in will be evaluated relation between HDI and GDP per capita of Croatia and in Primorsko-goranska County. Authors will also analyze how much development of human resources has contributed to the economic growth of Republic Of Croatia. In order to demonstrate this it will be measured influence of investment, employment and educational structures (the indirect indicator of development of human resources) on the growth of GDP in the period of 1997-2005 with usage of regression analyses.

scholarly journals Examining GDP Growth and Its Volatility: An Episodic Approach

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jakub Bartak ◽  
Łukasz Jabłoński ◽  
Agnieszka Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita

In this paper, we study economic growth and its volatility from an episodic perspective. We first demonstrate the ability of the genetic algorithm to detect shifts in the volatility and levels of a given time series. Having shown that it works well, we then use it to detect structural breaks that segment the GDP per capita time series into episodes characterized by different means and volatility of growth rates. We further investigate whether a volatile economy is likely to grow more slowly and analyze the determinants of high/low growth with high/low volatility patterns. The main results indicate a negative relationship between volatility and growth. Moreover, the results suggest that international trade simultaneously promotes growth and increases volatility, human capital promotes growth and stability, and financial development reduces volatility and negatively correlates with growth.

scholarly journals Acemoglu Joins Mankiw: Effect of Institutions in Growth Through Human Capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Fabio Gama ◽  
Suzana Quinet de Andrade Bastos ◽  
Guilherme Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Starting from the Augmented Solow Model developed by Mankiw, Romer, & Weil (1992), the present paper considered new perspectives in which institutions are considered “fundamental determinants” to explain economic growth. Through the data panel methodology, and with information for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010 from 87 countries, we used the interactive variables mechanism to verify whether the relationship between human capital and GDP per capita is encouraged by the institutions. The results indicate a positive relationship between economic and political institutions with the effect of education on per capita growth of countries, with greater influence of the former.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF NAFTA ON ECONOMIC GROWTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (308) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Víctor M. Cuevas Ahumada ◽  
Roger Ivanodik Juan López Churata
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
The United States ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Per Capita

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>This paper evaluates the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement on the economic growth of Mexico, the United States and Canada by means of an augmented Solow growth model. Such a model is estimated with panel data through two econometric methods: 1) the Arellano-Bond dynamic panel Generalized Method of Moments, and 2) Feasible Generalized Least Squares. The two techniques are consistent in indicating that trade raises Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, controlling for physical capital stock per capita, human capital formation, total factor productivity, and the capital depreciation rate. However, the most important source of GDP per capita growth is human capital formation, which highlights the need to promote trade while investing more in long-term formal education, short-term training programs and the whole process of knowledge transferring.</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>LOS EFECTOS DEL TLCAN EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p>Esta investigación evalúa los efectos del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte en el crecimiento económico de México, Estados Unidos y Canadá mediante una versión ampliada del modelo de crecimiento de Solow. El modelo se estima con datos en panel mediante dos métodos: 1) el método generalizado de momentos de Arellano y Bond, el cual se aplica a un panel dinámico y 2) mínimos cuadrados generalizados factibles. Ambos indican que el comercio incrementa el producto interno bruto (PIB) per cápita, controlando para el <em>stock</em> de capital físico y humano, la productividad total de los factores y la tasa de depreciación del capital. Sin embargo, la principal fuente de crecimiento económico es la formación de capital humano, por lo que se debe estimular el comercio internacional e invertir más en educación formal de largo plazo, programas de capacitación de corto plazo y todo el sistema de transferencia del conocimiento.

scholarly journals The Relation between Human Capital and Economic Growth in MENA Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Hakan Acaroğlu ◽  
Ayşen Altun Ada
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Per Capita

The aim of this study is to analyze the relation between human capital and economic growth for the years between 1990 and 2011 in 15 MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries. Knowles and Owen’s (1995) model which is based on Mankiw et al. (1992)’s Augmented Solow Model in principle is used as the economic model in the study. However, the statistical analysis is panel-data for the countries. Human capital is represented by both health and education at the same time. The findings show that public expenditure on human capital does not have any significant effect on economic growth neither in terms of health nor education. But this does not change the fact that when health and education quality are improved, the GDP per capita would increase, thus growth can be much more effective. 

scholarly journals The Impact of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Evidence from ARDL Approach to Co-Integration

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kidanemariam Gidey Gebrehiwot
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

The main objective of the study was to investigate the long run and short run impact of human capital on economic growth in Ethiopia (using real GDP per capita, as a proxy for economic growth) over the period 1974/75-2010/2011. The ARDL Approach to Co-integration and Error Correction Model are applied in order to investigate the long-run and short run impact of Human capital on Economic growth. The finding of the Bounds test shows that there is a stable long run relationship between real GDP per capita, education human capital, health human capital, labor force, gross capital formation, government expenditure and official development assistance. The estimated long run model revels that human capital in the form of health (proxied by the ratio of public expenditure on health to real GDP) is the main contributor to real GDP per capita rise followed by education human capital (proxied by secondary school enrolment). Such findings are consistent with the endogenous growth theories which argue that an improvement in human capital (skilled and healthy workers) improves productivity. In the short run, the coefficient of error correction term is -0.7366 suggesting about 73.66 percent annual adjustment towards long run equilibrium. This is another proof for the existence of a stable long run relationship among the variables. The estimated coefficients of the short-run model indicate that education is the main contributor to real GDP per capita change followed by gross capital formation (one period lagged value) and government expenditure (one period lagged value). But, unlike its long run significant impact, health has no significant short run impact on the economy. Even its one period lag has a significant negative impact on the economy. The above results have an important policy implication. The findings of this paper imply that economic performance can be improved significantly when the ratio of public expenditure on health services to GDP increases and when secondary school enrolment improves. Such improvements have a large impact on human productivity which leads to improved national output per capita. Hence policy makers and / or the government should strive to create institutional capacity that increase school enrolment and improved basic health service by strengthening the infrastructure of educational and health institutions that produce quality manpower. In addition to its effort, the government should continue its leadership role in creating  enabling environment that encourage better investment in human capital (education and health) by the private sector.  

Human capital and economic growth in the Polish sub-regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Barbara Dańska-Borsiak ◽  
Iwona Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Significant Positive Influence

The contemporary growth models, apart from the variables representing labour and capital, take into consideration also human capital measures. The spatial disproportions in the level of development of Polish regions give rise to the attempts of defining the factors influencing the differences. The main objective of the paper is the analysis of the relationships between the regional GDP per capita and human capital level in Polish NUTS3 regions. The additional objective is investigating whether the before mentioned phenomena exhibit spatial dependence. It was found that sub-regions with low values of human capital tend to cluster in the western Polish territories. There are no significant spatial relationships in the formation of the GDP per capita. In the second part of the paper, there are presented the estimation results of the model explaining the regional GDP per capita. The results show the significant, positive influence of the human capital level on the GDP. The study was conducted based on data for 2012.

scholarly journals Educación superior y crecimiento económico en Colombia (1971-2016): una relación de cointegración.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brayan Alexander Baron Ortegon
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Vec Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes the relation between GDP per capita (CPIBpc) and access to tertiary education, seen from the perspective of growth rate of the number of enrollments (TCMes) in higher education in Colombia for the period (1971-2016). By using a VEC model and assuming everything else constant, it is concluded that TCMes Granger caused the Colombian GDP per capita and vice-versa, therefore, the existence of a long run relation between both variables is verified. This result helps to explain the dynamics of Colombian economic growth per capita of the last forty-five years and the impact of the accumulation of human capital on it.

scholarly journals Relationship among Energy Consumption, Inflation, Human Capital and Economic Growth: Evidence from Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hadi ◽  
George Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Human Capital Index

The main focus of the study was to evaluate the relationship among energy consumption, human capital, inflation and economic growth in the case of Indonesia. The study uses secondary data to conduct the study on Indonesia. The rationale behind selecting the secondary data collection method is to draw the analysis and results on the basis of existing information rather than relying over human perspective of opinions. The data in the study consist of energy consumption, human capital index, GDP per capita and inflation. The time frame that is selected for the collection of data is from 1970 till 2018 which overall makes the time period of 49. The tools that are adopted for conducting the analysis is the unit root test and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The result of the study has revealed that the human capital has a significant influence on the energy consumption of Indonesia. The other elements that are also found to have significant impact are the lag of energy consumption, GDP per capita and lag of GDP per capita. With the higher consumption of energy along with the increasing human capital is significantly and positively influencing the GDP growth of Indonesia.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

A PANEL ASSESSMENT OF REAL COVERGENCE IN CEMAC

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gbetnkom
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Convergence Hypothesis ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Convergence Club ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Rich Countries

Some authors support that regionalism among underdeveloped countries will tend to cause divergence of their income levels, and regional integration among rich countries will tend to cause convergence. This paper tests this convergence hypothesis in CEMAC between 1990-2002. Our findings lend support to the “convergence club” defined according to policy choices rather than initial levels of human capital. They show that unilateral and preferential suppression of tariff and non-tariff barriers favor the convergence of per capita incomes and reduce the dispersion of real per capita income levels of partners in the sub-region. These results make the idea of convergence club based on the initial levels of productive technology and GDP per capita relative.

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